Psychology-12 – Flashcards
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Ron is a 22-year old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve_______ therapy
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behavior
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Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a
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psychiatrist
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Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from
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discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary
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Cognitive therapists would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to
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stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control
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Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?
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systematic desensitization
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Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, whereas_____ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response
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aversive conditioning
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After performing a meta-analysis of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies, researchers reported that
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evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapy
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Which of the following best illustrates a form of psychotherapy?
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systematic desensitization
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There is little or no scientific support for the therapeutic effectiveness of
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rebirthing therapies
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Colette received a surprisingly high grade on her first biology test. She failed to perform as well on her second test, even though she studied equally for both tests. Which of the following best explains Colette's deteriorating pattern of performance?
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regression toward the mean
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Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates
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the placebo effect
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During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret his stuttering as
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resistance
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Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help
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Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax
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Sluggishness, tremors and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain_______ drugs.
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antipsychotic
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The approach that has helped children with autism learn to function successfully in school involves
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operant conditioning
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MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as
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free association
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A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the
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client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better
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After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of
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withdrawl
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Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to
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take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions
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In the United States, managed health care has limited the number of psychotherapy sessions that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of
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psychoanalysis
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The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by______ therapists
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behavior
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Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of
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cognitive therapy
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To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using
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aversive conditioning
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Critics of________ have expressed a concern that appropriate patient behaviors will disappear following the discontinuation of a token economy
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behavior modification
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During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with
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client-centered therapy
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Dylan is a second-year undergraduate who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from
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Beck's cognitive therapy
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Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?
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client-centered therapy
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" For you to think you are worthless because your boyfriend sometimes criticizes you is absurd! I know a lot of highly worthy people who often receive criticisms." This statement would most likely be made to a patient by a
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rational-emotive behavior therapist
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Who would be most likely to expect that patients are often motivated to resist retelling a recent dream?
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a psychoanalyst
