question

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of: Student Answer: a. respondent behavior. b. negative reinforcement. c. generalization. d. secondary reinforcement. e. spontaneous recovery.

answer

b. negative reinforcement.

question

For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule. Student Answer: a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

answer

d. variable-ratio

question

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a(n): Student Answer: a. UCR. b. UCS. c. CR. d. CS.

answer

a. UCR.

question

If you have frightening experience immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates: Student Answer: a. generalization. b. spontaneous recovery. c. the overjustification effect. d. classical conditioning. e. the law of effect.

answer

d. classical conditioning.

question

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Matthew Birnie still responded with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates: Student Answer: a. an unconditioned response. b. operant conditioning. c. latent learning. d. generalization. e. extinction.

answer

d. generalization.

question

Amos plays the slot machine for hours at a time. The monetary winnings dispensed to him by the machine provide an example of ________ reinforcement. Student Answer: a. negative b. primary c. delayed d. partial

answer

d. partial

question

A word of praise is to a soothing backrub as ________ is to ________. Student Answer: a. delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer b. operant conditioning; classical conditioning c. partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement d. observational learning; latent learning e. conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

answer

e. conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

question

Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company's fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed. She is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a ________ schedule. Student Answer: a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

answer

b. variable-interval

question

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as: Student Answer: a. generalization. b. partial reinforcement. c. spontaneous recovery. d. secondary reinforcement. e. shaping.

answer

e. shaping.

question

For some children who bite themselves or bang their heads, squirting water into their faces when they hurt themselves has been observed to decrease the frequency of these self-abusive behaviors. This best illustrates the potential value of: Student Answer: a. latent learning. b. conditioned reinforcers. c. negative reinforcers. d. primary reinforcers. e. punishment.

answer

e. punishment.

question

It is easier to remember "what sobriety conceals, alcohol reveals" than to recall "what sobriety conceals, alcohol unmasks." This best illustrates the value of: Student Answer: a. the serial position effect. b. mood-congruent memory. c. acoustic encoding. d. the spacing effect. e. implicit memory.

answer

c. acoustic encoding.

question

Certain amnesic patients are incapable of recalling activities, yet they can be conditioned to blink their eyes in response to a specific sound. They have most likely suffered damage to the: Student Answer: a. hippocampus. b. cerebellum. c. hypothalamus. d. amygdala.

answer

a. hippocampus.

question

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between: Student Answer: a. short-term and long-term memory. b. proactive and retroactive interference. c. explicit and implicit memory. d. recognition and recall.

answer

c. explicit and implicit memory.

question

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates: Student Answer: a. the spacing effect. b. proactive interference. c. source amnesia. d. state-dependent memory. e. retroactive interference.

answer

b. proactive interference.

question

The combination of individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of: Student Answer: a. the spacing effect. b. iconic memory. c. the "peg-word" system. d. the method of loci. e. chunking.

answer

e. chunking.

question

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates: Student Answer: a. the misinformation effect. b. motivated forgetting. c. the spacing effect. d. source amnesia. e. the self-reference effect.

answer

b. motivated forgetting.

question

The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve: Student Answer: a. implicit memory. b. automatic processing. c. long-term potentiation. d. memory construction. e. repression.

answer

d. memory construction.

question

In an effort to recall his early life experiences, Aaron formed vivid mental images of the various rooms in his childhood home. Aaron was engaging in the process of: Student Answer: a. automatic processing. b. implicit memory. c. semantic encoding. d. iconic memory. e. priming.

answer

e. priming.

question

Employing the single word "HOMES" to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of: Student Answer: a. the "peg-word" system. b. the method of loci. c. the serial position effect. d. a mnemonic device. e. implicit memory.

answer

d. a mnemonic device.

question

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates: Student Answer: a. implicit memory. b. the spacing effect. c. source amnesia. d. mood-congruent memory. e. repression.

answer

c. source amnesia.

question

Humans are the only animals that can learn behaviors merely by observing others perform them.

answer

False

question

The study of inner thoughts, feelings, and motives has always occupied a central place in psychology.

answer

False

question

Negative reinforcement is another term for punishment.

answer

False

question

Psychologists agree that punishment, regardless of its form, has little effect on behavior.

answer

False

question

Research indicates that televised violence leads to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch the programs.

answer

True

question

Memory storage is never automatic; it always takes effort

answer

False

question

Memory aids (for example, those that use imagery and devices for organization) are no more useful than simple rehearsal of information.

answer

False

question

When people learn something while intoxicated, they recall it best when they are again intoxicated.

answer

True

question

How confident eyewitnesses are about what they saw is an important predictor of their accuracy.

answer

False

question

Our experiences are etched on our brain, just as the grooves on a tape receive and retain recorded messages.

answer

False

Psychology 101 Unit 3 – Flashcards

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