Psychology 101 – CH 15 Quiz#2 – Flashcards
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Which type of therapy is based on well-researched learning principles?
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behavior
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At Skinner Elementary School, teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time, obey the teacher, and finish their homework. The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer. This system most resembles a________.
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token economy
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Which of the following is the appropriate definition of psychosurgery?
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surgery that is performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders
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Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking. His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors. Craig's therapist is using________.
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behavior modification
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________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bedwetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions.
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Behavior
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Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______.
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Sigmund Freud
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A goal of family therapy is to ______.
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improve family communication and interaction
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Medication and electroconvulsive therapy are both types of ______.
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biomedical therapy
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Which of the following types of medications are used to treat mania?
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anticonvulsant
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Elyn was recently treated with electroconvulsive therapy. She is mostly likely experiencing which psychological disorder?
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depression
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According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______.
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our irrational beliefs
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According to Aaron Beck, ________ are irrational thoughts that arise from a systematic bias in the way a person thinks about reality.
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cognitive distortions
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In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's__________.
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latent content
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What is an advantage of using operant conditioning in treating undesirable behaviors?
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The results are usually quickly obtained.
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Expressing empathy, developing the discrepancies between a clients present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy are the four pillars of __________.
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motivational interviewing
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Which technique removes a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior?
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extinction
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_________ strengthens a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence.
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Positive reinforcement
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______ are specifically trained to use biomedical therapies.
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Psychiatrists
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_________ strengthens a response by following it with the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.
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Negative reinforcement
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Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical, irrational cognitions and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational, logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?
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cognitive-behavioral
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The behavior of chronically schizophrenic individuals living in psychiatric institutions has been successfully modified through the use of ______.
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token economy
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In the middle of the sixteenth century, a British asylum for the mentally ill had such horrid and chaotic conditions that it gave rise to the term "bedlam." What was this infamous institution?
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The Bethlehem hospital
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Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using______.
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flooding
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When someone "jumps to conclusions," Beck would say that he or she is suffering from a distortion in thought called ______________.
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arbitrary inference
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Which of the following is an advantage of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies?
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They are less expensive and short term than typical insight therapies.
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A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy.
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group
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Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapy?
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There is not enough experimental research to support its basic ideas.
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The strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or removing an unpleasant stimulus is called________.
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reinforcement
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Sylvia, who is undergoing client-centered therapy has been told that she experiences a mismatch between her ________self and her _______self.
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real; ideal
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Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been performed in cases of ________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.
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major depression
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________ has been used successfully in helping children who have a fear of going to the dentist, social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and phobias.
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Modeling
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In behavior therapy, distressing symptoms are seen as ________.
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the result of learning
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Why does administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) often cause memory loss?
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It disrupts the process of consolidation.
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A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference. This is an example of ______ therapy.
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psychoanalytic
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________ is a type of insight-oriented therapy.
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Psychoanalysis
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Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.
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nondirective
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What are two of the major classes of antidepressant drugs?
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MAO inhibitors and tricyclics
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Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating overeating or smoking?
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aversion therapy
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Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.
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psychoanalysis
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Prefrontal lobotomy is one form of ______.
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psychosurgery
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Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of_________.
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tardive dyskinesia
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Every time Alice cleans her room properly and makes the bed she receives a marble. When she accumulates 100 marbles, she can get the new video game she wants. What type of behavioral program are Alice's parents using?
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token economy
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A parent wishes to stop her young son from throwing temper tantrums. You suggest she use extinction and advise her to___________.
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ignore the tantrums and pay attention to her son only when he is calm
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Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different?
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language
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____________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and as a form of marriage counseling.
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Humanistic
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Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.
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directive
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What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?
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to provide unconditional positive regard
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Most family therapists who work with couples concentrate on ______.
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improving the couple's patterns of communication so they can find better ways of solving their problems
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Rational-emotive behavior therapy is a type of ______ therapy.
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cognitive
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William is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior. He is most likely to be a/a n ____________.
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action therapist
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Which technique removes a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior?
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extinction
