Psychology 101 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Your____ is defined as your unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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Personality
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According to Sigmund Freud, the newborn infant is motivated by:
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The pleasure principle
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Latency is to ____ as reaction formation is to ____.
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Psychosexual stage; ego defense mechanism
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The actualizing tendency is to ____ as striving for superiority is to ____.
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Carl Rogers; Alfred Adler
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According to the ____ perspective, people would instinctively choose positive, constructive behaviors if the restrictions of society were loosened.
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Humanistic
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According to Carl Rogers, most psychological problems result from :
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Experiencing conditional positive regard, rather than unconditional positive regard
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According to ____ and the _____ theory, personality and behavior is the end result of the interaction among cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors
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Albert Bandura; social cognitive
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Rose was given a new computer by her children on her birthday. However, she has never turned it on, because she doesn't think she will be able to learn how to use it. How would Albert Bandura explain Rose's behavior?
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Rose's beliefs of self-efficacy are very weak in regards to learning how to use a computer
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Which of the following is a strength of the social-cognitive perspective as compared to the other perspectives on personality?
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It's key ideas can be operationally defined, measured, and empirically tested
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Zelda describes herself as shy, hardworking, compassionate and organized. Zelda's analysis of her own personality is most similar to which perspective on personality?
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Trait
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Of the different categories of people portrayed on television shows, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized
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True
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DSM-IV-TR:
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describes the symp
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Body dysmorphic disorder and hypochondriasis are both examples of ____ disorders.
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somatoform
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Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:
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ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety
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Agoraphobia is a type of specific phobia characterized by the intense fear of:
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having a panic attack in a situation in which the person would be unable to escape or get help.
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Although she has never told anyone about it, Private Ross is often troubled by flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing high-intensity guerrilla warfare during a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Although she tries to suppress the thoughts, they keep coming back to her. She feels emotionally numb and is beginning to have trouble concentrating at work. Ross's symptoms are an example of:
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PTSD
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A person who feels driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern in order to reduce anxiety is said to be experiencing:
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A compulsion
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In the months following her graduation from college, Amber has grappled with feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness and despair. In the last several weeks, these feelings have intensified, and Amber has withdrawn from all interaction with her friends and family. Based on this short description, it would appear that Amber is:
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Experiencing major depression
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When major depression recurs, the symptoms tend to increase in severity
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True
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____ is a medication that is commonly used to help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.
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Lithium
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In her therapy practice, Dr. Castellanos regularly uses the techniques of free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance and interpretation. Dr. Castellanos has been trained in:
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Psychoanalytic therapy
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The three essential components of client-centered therapy are:
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Genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding
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Melinda wishes to overcome her extreme shyness. Melinda's therapist helps her design a program in which Melinda records every instance of shy behavior, sets specific goals for acting in a more outgoing fashion in particular situations, and rewards herself when she is successful. Melinda's therapist is probably practicing a form of:
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Behavior Therapy
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Which of the following therapy techniques are based upon the early research of Mary Cover Jones?
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Counterconditioning and systematic desensitization
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To help Woody conquer his fear of driving, Dr. Furlong develops a treatment plan that includes shaping, positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and challenging Woody's irrational beliefs. Dr.Furlong is probably practicing which form of psychotherapy?
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cognitive-behavorial therapy (CBT)
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One advantage that group therapy has over individual therapy is that:
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group members receive helpful feedback and support form one another
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What general conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
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Psychotherapy is significantly more effective than no treatment
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The term eclecticism refers to:
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The integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapy approaches
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What were the results of controlled research studies that compared eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with a "sham" or placebo version of EMDR?
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The sham EMDR therapy was just as effective as EMDR
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Of the following cultural values, which is least likely to be shared by a psychotherapy client who is a member of collectivistic culture?
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An emphasis on the client's individual goals, choices, and self-reliance
