question

Lizzie, age 12, regularly asks questions such as, "What if everyone just got along?" and, "If I became a medical researcher, could I find a cure for cancer?" According to Piaget's theory, these questions suggest that Lizzie has acquired the ability to _____.

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think abstractly

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Which of the following describes the relationship between heredity and environmental factors in determining development?

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Genes and experience can affect each other.

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Which of the following is true about reflexes?

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Some reflexes help infants to survive until they are capable of learning more complex means of interaction.

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The primary task of individuals facing Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion is to

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develop values in life and beliefs concerning things such as political issues and career options.

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Erikson believes that during late adulthood, people engage in a process called

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a life review.

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Humans have a total of ____ chromosomes in each cell of their bodies.

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46

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By the end of Piaget's sensorimotor stage, infants have fully developed a sense of

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object permanence.

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Declines in memory during middle age are most likely due to

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stress and information overload.

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During the embryonic period, the embryo

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becomes vulnerable to diseases the mother may have.

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Adolescence refers to the period between

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age thirteen and the early twenties.

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Dizygotic twins

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are more likely to occur in women taking fertility drugs.

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________ may cause miscarriage and low birth weight for the developing embryo.

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Caffeine

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When you touch an infant's cheek, he will turn toward your hand, open his mouth, and search for the nipple. This is known as the ________ reflex.

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rooting

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A research design in which one participant or group of participants is followed and studied over a long period of time is called a ________ design.

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longitudinal

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Down syndrome is

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a chromosome disorder.

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When the mass of cells does not completely split apart, the result is

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conjoined twins.

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The cell resulting from fertilization is called a(n)

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zygote.

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A ______ will always be expressed in the observable trait.

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dominant gene

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During the intimacy versus isolation stage, Erikson saw the primary task to be

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finding a mate.

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Dr. Austin is studying the effects of aging on memory. She gives an initial test of memory to a group of 20-year-olds and a group of 40-year-olds. Then she follows both groups of participants for a period of five years, regularly giving them memory tests during that time. Which research design is Dr. Austin using?

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cross-sequential

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Sixteen-year-old Esmerelda often drinks several glasses of beer and then drives herself home. When her parents express worry that her drinking and driving will lead to an accident, Esmerelda responds, "That won't happen to me. It only happens to other people." Esmerelda's thinking reflects

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the personal fable.

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Olivia is in peak physical health. Her senses are sharp, and her cognitive abilities are mature. Olivia is most likely in which of the following age groups?

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twenties

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When Calvin's mother left him with the babysitter, Calvin said, "Mommy go." This is an example of

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telegraphic speech.

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In the study of human development, the term nature refers to

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the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions.

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________ is carried by recessive genes and inherited when a child inherits two recessive genes.

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Cystic fibrosis

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Vygotsky's _________ is the difference between what a child can do alone versus what a child can do with the help of a teacher.

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zone of proximal development

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One disadvantage of the longitudinal design is

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the lengthy amount of time involved.

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Adolescence is

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concerned with how a person deals with life issues such as work, family, and relationships.

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Many researchers believe that ________ is necessary to break away from childhood dependence on parents and become self-sufficient adults.

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conflict and rebellion

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______ is a teratogen that may cause blindness.

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Rubella

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According to Erikson, young adults who have difficulty trusting others and who are unsure of their own identities may experience

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isolation.

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Dizygotic twins

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come from two fertilized eggs.

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Genes that actively control the expression of a trait are referred to as

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dominant.

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The high-pitched, sing-song way in which adults talk to infants is

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child-directed speech.

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One theory suggests that the effects of aging are produced by oxygen molecules with unstable electrons bounding around and damaging structures inside our cells. This is called ________ theory.

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free-radical

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________ are structures on the ends of chromosomes that shorten each time a cell reproduces.

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Telomeres

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In middle age, sexual functioning

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usually does not decline.

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In Erikson's ________, people must deal with mistakes, regrets, and unfinished business.

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life review

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In cellular-clock theory, telomeres _________, which ultimately causes aging.

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shorten and impair cell reproduction

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People who ________ have been found to be far less likely to develop memory problems in old age.

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exercise their mental abilities

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Children raised with an authoritarian style of parenting are often

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insecure and resentful.

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Five-year-old Johnny stole a piece of candy from the grocery store. Since he was not punished for stealing the candy, he believes it is okay to steal again. Johnny is in which level of moral development?

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pre-conventional

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The search for ________ is the central theme in adolescent social and personality development.

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personal identity

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Puberty begins

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about 2 years after the beginning of the growth spurt.

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Genes are located on

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chromosomes.

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When their mothers are nearby, ________ infants are wary but calm around strangers.

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securely attached

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In his theories of development, Piaget focused on

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the child's internal cognitive development.

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Psychologist Harry Harlow found that

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contact comfort is an important factor in love and attachment.

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A child who says, "Juice!" to mean, "I want some juice!" is using

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a holophrase.

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Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social interactions as a primary factor in cognitive development, whereas ________ stressed the importance of the child's interactions with objects.

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Piaget

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With respect to their babies' needs, mothers of ______ babies are unresponsive, insensitive, and coldly rejecting.

answer

avoidant

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________, which may be used to grow new organs or tissues for transplant or to repair neurological damage, develop during the germinal period.

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Stem cells

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Abby and Brittany Hensel

answer

are conjoined twins.

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The most likely time for a miscarriage is in the

answer

first three months.

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Chrissy is in a stage of her pregnancy where she has been feeling tiny "flutters" in her abdomen. In addition, her physician told her that her baby is continuing to develop fat and is growing significantly in length and weight. Given this information, the current period of prenatal development is the ________ period.

answer

fetal

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The view of most psychologists regarding the relationship between heredity and environmental factors in determining development is that all we are and all we become is the result of

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the interaction between nature and nurture.

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Anything that can have an influence on development that does not come from within the person is known as

answer

nurture.

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Men

answer

go through a time of sexual changes similar to but less dramatic than menopause.

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The developmental crisis faced by adults in the sixties and beyond is called

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ego integrity versus despair.

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The cessation of ovulation and the menstrual cycle is called

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menopause.

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If the mother carries the recessive PKU gene, and the father does not, then

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no child will be afflicted with PKU, although two in four will carry the recessive gene.

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________ are rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus of each cell.

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Chromosomes

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Early in life, infants will demonstrate their personalities through their

answer

temperaments.

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With respect to vision, newborns

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have clear vision to about 7 to 10 inches.

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Three-year-old Kara loves Barbie dolls, so she decides to give one to her mother for Christmas. This is

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egocentrism.

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Conservation refers to the

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ability to understand that altering the appearance of something does not change its nature.

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Ainsworth's experiment to measure the attachment of an infant to the caregiver was called

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he Strange Situation.

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The functioning, but not the structure, of the central nervous system is vulnerable throughout the _____ period.

answer

fetal

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The egg is also called the

answer

ovum.

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Sylvia is a middle-aged woman who volunteers as a youth coordinator at her church and as a Girl Scout leader. She is developing what Erikson referred to as

answer

generativity.

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The abstract thinking that occurs during Piaget's formal operations stage becomes possible in adolescence due to

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final development of the frontal lobes of the brain.

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The ________ design has the advantage of looking at real age-related changes as those changes occur in the same individual.

answer

longitudinal

question

Alex is irritable, loud, and active most of the time. He is negative about change of any kind and falls asleep at different times each night. Which type of temperament does Alex exhibit?

answer

difficult

question

The abstract thinking that occurs during Piaget's formal operations stage becomes possible in adolescence due to

answer

final development of the frontal lobes of the brain.

question

The _______ parenting style tends to be more democratic.

answer

authoritative

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Behavioral genetics is the

answer

study of determining how much of behavior is the result of genetic inheritance and how much is due to personal experience.

question

Erikson saw ________ as the primary role of middle adulthood.

answer

parenting

question

Moro reflex is another name for the _______ reflex.

answer

startle

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The first stage in Kübler-Ross's theory is

answer

denial.

question

There is some evidence that high blood pressure and ______ are linked.

answer

sleep apnea

question

Kübler-Ross theorized that people go through ________ stages of reaction when faced with death.

answer

five

Psych101: Chapter 5: Development Across Life Span

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