question

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of: A) schizophrenia. B) depression. C) personality disorders. D) anxiety disorders. E) bipolar disorder.

answer

B) depression.

question

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ________; it is favored by ________ therapists. A) active listening; cognitive B) spontaneous remission; humanistic C) free association; psychoanalytic D) systematic desensitization; behavior

answer

C) free association; psychoanalytic

question

Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature? A) psychoanalysis B) humanistic therapy C) behavior therapy D) cognitive therapy

answer

B) humanistic therapy

question

Which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis? A) It emphasizes the existence of repressed memories. B) It provides interpretations that are hard to disprove. C) It is generally a very expensive process. D) It gives therapists too much control over patients.

answer

D) It gives therapists too much control over patients.

question

Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others? A) cognitive therapy B) family therapy C) behavior therapy D) psychosurgery

answer

D) psychosurgery

question

Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies? A) They tend to take less time for the therapist. B) They tend to cost less money for the client. C) They are more effective. D) They allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context.

answer

C) They are more effective.

question

Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today? A) psychosurgery B) electroconvulsive therapy C) drug therapy D) counterconditioning

answer

C) drug therapy

question

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found? A) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy. B) Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results. C) Whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress. D) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

answer

B) Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results.

question

Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to: A) alter the way people act. B) make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking. C) alter the way people think and act. D) countercondition anxiety-provoking stimuli.

answer

C) alter the way people think and act.

question

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that: A) no single type of therapy is consistently superior. B) behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias. C) cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions. D) all of the above are true.

answer

D) all of the above are true.

question

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for: A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) norepinephrine. D) serotonin.

answer

A) dopamine.

question

Psychologists who advocate a ________ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's ________. A) biomedical; diet B) family; behavior C) humanistic; feelings D) preventive; environment

answer

D) preventive; environment

question

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who: A) takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems. B) views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as a biological abnormality. C) uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders. D) uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem.

answer

D) uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem.

question

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called: A) active listening. B) free association. C) systematic desensitization. D) meta-analysis.

answer

A) active listening.

question

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy: A) helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems. B) offers interpretations of patients' feelings. C) focuses on current relationships. D) does all of the above.

answer

C) focuses on current relationships.

question

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are: A) a reflection of irrational thinking. B) conditioned responses. C) expressions of unfulfilled wishes. D) all of the above.

answer

B) conditioned responses.

question

The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called: A) counterconditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) exposure therapy.

answer

C) a token economy.

question

One variety of ________ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ________. A) humanistic; themselves B) behavior; external circumstances C) cognitive; external circumstances D) cognitive; themselves

answer

D) cognitive; themselves

question

A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of: A) spontaneous remission. B) the placebo effect. C) the transference effect. D) interpretation.

answer

B) the placebo effect.

question

Before 1950, the main mental health providers were: A) psychologists. B) paraprofessionals. C) psychiatrists. D) the clergy.

answer

C) psychiatrists.

question

Carl Rogers was a ________ therapist who was the creator of ________. A) behavior; systematic desensitization B) psychoanalytic; insight therapy C) humanistic; client-centered therapy D) cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

answer

C) humanistic; client-centered therapy

question

Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as: A) aversive conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) transference. D) electroconvulsive therapy.

answer

A) aversive conditioning.

question

Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self-fulfillment? A) behavior therapy B) psychoanalysis C) humanistic therapy D) biomedical therapy

answer

C) humanistic therapy

question

Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from: A) bulimia. B) seasonal affective disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.

answer

B) seasonal affective disorder.

question

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes? A) behavior therapy B) cognitive therapy C) humanistic therapy D) psychoanalysis

answer

A) behavior therapy

question

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of: A) observational learning. B) classical conditioning. C) operant conditioning. D) behavior modification.

answer

B) classical conditioning.

question

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations? A) cognitive therapy B) aversive conditioning C) counterconditioning D) systematic desensitization

answer

D) systematic desensitization

question

Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques? A) counterconditioning B) systematic desensitization C) stress inoculation training D) the token economy

answer

D) the token economy

question

Which of the following is not a common criticism of behavior therapy? A) Clients may not develop intrinsic motivation for their new behaviors. B) Behavior control is unethical. C) Outside the therapeutic setting, the new behavior may disappear. D) All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy.

answer

D) All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy.

question

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking? A) EMDR B) client-centered therapy C) cognitive therapy D) behavior therapy

answer

C) cognitive therapy

question

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or: A) dopamine. B) lithium. C) norepinephrine. D) acetylcholine.

answer

C) norepinephrine.

question

After many years of taking antipsychotic drugs, Greg's facial muscles sometimes twitch involuntarily. This behavior is called: A) tardive dyskinesia B) spontaneous recovery C) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation D) EMDR

answer

A) tardive dyskinesia

question

Which of the following is the mood-stabilizing drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder? A) Ativan B) chlorpromazine C) Xanax D) lithium

answer

D) lithium

question

The types of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the: A) antianxiety drugs. B) antipsychotic drugs. C) antidepressant drugs. D) amphetamines.

answer

A) antianxiety drugs.

question

Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating depression? A) behavior therapy B) psychoanalysis C) cognitive therapy D) humanistic therapy

answer

C) cognitive therapy

question

Although Moniz won the Nobel prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not widely used today because: A) it produces a lethargic, immature personality. B) it is irreversible. C) calming drugs became available in the 1950s. D) of all of the above reasons.

answer

D) of all of the above reasons.

question

Therapeutic life-style change, the new approach to treating psychological disorders, advocates a training program with which of the following goals? A) increasing aerobic exercise B) at least 30 minutes of light exposure a day C) identifying and reducing negative thoughts D) all of the goals

answer

D) all of the goals

question

Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is: A) the offer of a therapeutic relationship. B) the expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful. C) the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world. D) all of the above.

answer

D) all of the above.

question

Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on: A) using a variety of treatment techniques. B) conscious rather than unconscious processes. C) the present instead of the past. D) how family tensions may cause individual problems.

answer

D) how family tensions may cause individual problems.

question

One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that: A) for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently intense unconditioned stimuli to sustain classical conditioning. B) patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for conditioning to take place. C) patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences. D) most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli and it is impossible to countercondition them all.

answer

C) patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences.

question

empathetic technique used in person-centered therapy

answer

active listening

question

an operant conditioning procedure

answer

token economy

question

the beneficial effect of a person's expecting that treatment will be effective

answer

placebo effect

question

type of psychosurgery

answer

lobotomy

question

mood-stabilizing drug

answer

lithium

question

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior

answer

psychopharmacology

question

experimental procedure in which both the patient and staff are unaware of a patient's treatment condition

answer

double-blind technique

question

antianxiety drug

answer

Xanax

question

technique of psychoanalytic therapy

answer

free association

question

cognitive-behavioral therapy in which peoplea re trained to be restructure ther thinking in stressful situations

answer

stress inoculation training

question

clinical decision making that integrates research, clinical expertise, and patient characteristics

answer

evidence-based practice

question

category of therapies that teach people more adaptive ways of thinking and acting

answer

cognitive therapy

question

category of therapies based on learning principles derived from classical and operant conditioning

answer

behavior therapy

question

associates a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

answer

systematic desensitization

question

integrated therapy that focuses on changing self-defeating thinking and unwanted behavior

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy

question

therapy developed by Carl Rogers

answer

client-centered therapy

question

the most widely used method of beahvior therapy

answer

exposure therapy

question

associates unwanted behavior with unpleasant experiences

answer

aversive conditioning

question

therapy based on Freud's theory of personality

answer

psychoanalysis

question

emphasizes the social context of psychological disorders

answer

preventative mental health

question

treatment with psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy, or drugs

answer

biomedical therapy

question

classical conditioning procedure in which new responses are conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

answer

counterconditioning

question

therapies that aim to increase the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

answer

insight therapy

question

is briefer an less expensive than traditional psychoanalysis, and it focuses on current symptoms and themes common to many past and present important relationships

answer

psychodynamic therapy

question

views a family as an interactive system and attempts to help members discover the roles they play and to learn to communicate more openly and directly

answer

family therapy

question

used in treating schizophrenia and block dopamine activity and can have serious side effects

answer

antipsychotic drug

question

depress central nervous system actiity, and are used to treat anxiety disorders. Can be physically and psychologically addictive

answer

antiaxiety drugs

question

increase the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine and are used to treat anxiety and depression

answer

antidepressant

question

a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthized patient, and is an effective last resortment treatment for severely depressed people who have not responsed to other therapy.

answer

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

question

calms an overactive brain region linked with negative emotions

answer

repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

question

this procedure removes or destroys brain tissue in hopes of modifying behavior

answer

psychosurgery

question

list the three types of antidepressants that are used in psychopharmacology

answer

SSRI, Tricyclic, MAOI

question

list the three types of biomedical therapy

answer

drug therapy, brain stimulation, and psychosurgery

question

what branch of therapy is interpersonal psychotherapy from?

answer

psychodynamic

question

What are the two types of counterconditioning?

answer

Exposure therapy and aversive conditioning

question

What are the two insight therapies of psychotherapy?

answer

Humanistic and Psychoanalytic

question

What are the two action therapies of psychotherapy?

answer

Behavioral and Cognitive

question

Which type of psychotherapy uses operant and/or classical conditioning?

answer

Behavioral

question

Describe what happens in Flooding

answer

1. Therapist makes sure that the patient cannot leave the situation because if they do, then they would be reinforcing the phobia 2. Patient is rapidly and intensely exposed to fear-invoking stimuli

question

What does SSRI stand for? Describe it.

answer

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors block the reuptake of serotonin ONLY.

question

What are examples of SSRIs?

answer

Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft

question

What are some side effects of SSRIs?

answer

decreased sex drive

question

What is the leading treatment of SAD (seasonal affective disorder)?

answer

light exposure therapy. This therapy gives the patient a timed, daily dose of intense light. Proven just as effective as antidepressants.

question

_____ therapists start with the assumption that all clients are capable of "curing" themselves given the right kind of environment and feedback.

answer

Humanistic

question

___ is a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.

answer

aversive conditioning

question

______ therapists help people explain bad events constructively instead of destructively.

answer

Cognitive

question

Counterconditioning involves replacing a _____________ with a new _____________.

answer

Conditioned Stimulus fills in both blanks

question

In which form of therapy do the client and therapist construct an anxiety hierarchy?

answer

behavioral therapy (systemic desensitization)

question

Humanistic therapies are different from psychoanalysis because humanistic therapies are

answer

focused on conscious experiences

question

Therapists who create a token economy are applying principles of ___ conditioning

answer

operant

question

Psychotherapy is a specific term referring to therapeutic techniques utilized by Freud and modern day psychodynamic therapists. (T/F)

answer

False

question

Which form of therapy directly confronts a client's self-defeating thought patterns?

answer

Humanistic

question

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called:

answer

Active Listening

question

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are ___

answer

Conditioned responses

question

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of _____ conditioning

answer

classical

question

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations? a. rational-emotive therapy b. aversive conditioning c. counterconditioning d. systematic desensitization

answer

d. systematic desensitization

question

During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a ___________ of her feelings toward her father.

answer

transference

question

In what respect are all therapies alike?

answer

all involve the aim of altering the mind, behavior, or social relationships

question

What are the two major types of psychotherapy?

answer

Action and Insight

question

Which French reformer is associated with initiating a more humane treatment of the mentally ill?

answer

Pinel

Psych Unit 13 – Treatment of Psychological Disorders Review – Flashcards

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