Psych Chapter 5: Learning – Flashcards

Learning can best be described as?

Michael noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)?

Which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

Ever since she was scared by a dog as a young child, Angelica has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is not only afraid of the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of?

Helen has overcome her fear of toy snakes. However, on one occasion her fear returned when she found a toy snake in the cushions of her couch. Such a reaction is called?

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," the conditioned stimulus was?

Which of the following would be an example of vicarious classical conditioning?

Cindy had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Rescorla found that the CS must __________ the UCS for conditioning to take place.

Which of the following is an example of Thorndike's law of effect?

To a dog, _______ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

Edgar cannot sleep because he is worried about a paper. He gets out of bed to continue to work on the paper. He stays up until 3 A.M. and is relieved it is done. In the future, Edgar is more likely to finish his work before bed to avoid worry and sleepness. Such behavior is an example of?

With operant conditioning, _________ are important in forming an association, whereas with classical conditioning, _________ are important in forming an association.

Joe owned a small repair shop. Each day, he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment. Some days, he would receive a check or two. Other times, he would have to wait days before getting another payment. What schedule of reinforcement is evident here?

Little Jimmie's mother was upset to find that Jimmie had not picked up his blocks after repeated requests to do so. The next morning, Jimmie found all his blocks had been put into a bag on top the refrigerator. Jimmie's mother told him that he couldn't play with his blocks for two days. Which type of discipline did she use?

The study by Keller and Marian Breland found that instinctive drift in animal behavior is?

Tabitha signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Tabitha plans to make as many purchases as she can so that she can accumulate enough miles to go on a trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of?

Which of the following is the best example of applied behavior analysis?

Neurofeedback is a form of __________ and works to change a person's ___________ through a series of reinforcements.

In Tolman's maze study, the fact that the group of rats receiving reinforcement only after day 10 of the study solved the maze far more quickly than did the rats who had been reinforced from the first day can be interpreted to mean that these particular rats?

Lisa's parents have decided to take a 3-week trip to Europe. Consequently, Lisa's mother will not be able to make pies. When her mother encourages her to bake the pies herself, at first she panics, but then finds that she knows how to bake the pies. Her ability to prepare the recipe is an example of?

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon?

Research by Steven Maier suggests that learned helplessness may be due to a higher-level region of the brain known as the ____________, which helps subjects determine what is controllable.

Bandura's studies found that learning can take place without actual performance. What is this referred to as?

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Sheila almost got hit by a car at a street corner because she was too busy texting. From that day on, Sheila looks before she reaches the street corner. Her change in behavior is a result of?

At home, you rattle the chain on your dog's leash every time you prepare to take him for a walk. After several episodes like this, you find that your dog comes running to the front door even when you pick up the leash to put it back in the closet. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called?

During the cold winter, you have stopped taking your dog for walks. what's more, your dog has gotten used to the fact that when you accidentally rattle his leash, he isn't going for a walk, and subsequently he doesn't come running to the front door. What has occurred?

Rhonda had tartar sauce with fish one night. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day. The next time she was offered the chance to go out for fish, she felt queasy and declined. Her queasiness at the thought of fish with tartar sauce was probably due to?

Caitlin works in the psychology department's rat lab. In her studies, she found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. Caitlin's psychology professor refers to this as a classic example of?

Blake finds that if he washes his car prior to going out on the town, more of his friends want to ride along with him. What theory would best explain his willingness to always wash and clean his car before going out?

In classical conditioning, behavior typically is __________, whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is ________.

Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from?

Positive reinforcement results in a ________ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in a _______in the target behavior.

Belinda has a terrible headache. If she takes some aspirin so as to make her headache go away, this would be an example of?

Ben gets paid every 2 weeks. In one 2-week period, he works 20 hours. During another 2-week period, he worked 50 hours. Regardless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every 2 weeks. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Denise is grounded for coming home late. Additionally, her parents have taken away her cell phone for a month. Losing her cell phone privileges is an example of?

What is the relationship between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Which of the following is an example of the use of extinction with operant conditioning?

Studies by Keller and Marian Breland found that many animals exhibit instinctive drift. What does this mean?

Jose was lying in bed when he suddenly realized how he might deal with a fast approaching deadline at work. When his coworkers asked how he came up with his idea, he said, "It just came to me out of nowhere." Psychologist would refer to this as?

Jody failed repeatedly in college algebra. Finally, she gave up and was seriously considering dropping out of college. One day, her best friend offered to personally help her if she signed up for college algebra again, but she refused. What concept might explain her reluctance?

What does AMID stand for?

Darla has noticed how some of her friends have lost weight and gotten trim by exercising 1 - 2 hours each day. However, she has no plans to imitate their behavior. What component of Bandura's model of observational learning will explain why Darla has not started a similar weight loss program?