question

psychotherapy

answer

a verbal form of therapy derived from a psychological framework that consists of one or more treatment sessions w therapist; consists of one or more verbal interactions between a therapist and a client and is used to help people understand and resolve their psychological probs; based on the belief that insight into unresolved psychological conflicts originating in childhood can help people overcome psychological problems

question

psychoanalysis

answer

freuds method of psychotherapy - it focuses on uncovering and working through the unconscious conflicts that he believed were at the root of psychological probs

question

psychoanalysts

answer

practitionists of psychoanalysis who were schooled in freudian trasition

question

major types of mental health professionals

answer

-clinical psychologists: earned doctoral degree and passed licensing exam; administer psychological tests, practice psychotherapy, and diagnose mental disorders -counseling psychologists: earned doctoral degree and passed licensing exam; counsel people w milder range of severity than clinical -psychiatrists: earned medical degree w residency; diagnose and treat mental illness - prescribe meds and practice psychotherapy -clinical psychiatric social workers: masters degree in social work; help people w mental disorders and practice psychotherapy -psychoanalysts: psychiatrists and psychologists required to undergo psychoanalysis as part of training -counselors: masters degree; marital/family counseling, substance abuse, disturbed behavior, etc -psychiatric nurses: RNs w masters program in psychiatric nursing; treat severe psychological disorders

question

freud devised a number of techniques to help clients gain awareness of their unconscious such as

answer

free association, dream conflict analysis, interpretation, insight, and resistance

question

free association

answer

way to probe the unconscious mind; a technique in psychoanalysis in which the client is encouraged to say anything that comes to mind

question

dream analysis

answer

way to probe the unconscious mind; a technique in psychoanalysis in which the therapist analyzes the underlying or symbolic meaning of the clients dreams (latent content)

question

interpretation

answer

way to probe the unconscious mind; in psychoanalysis, the therapists attempt to explain connections between what the client discloses during therapy and his/her unconscious conflicts

question

insight

answer

way to probe the unconscious mind; in freudian theory the realization/awareness of underlying unconscious wishes and conflicts

question

resistance

answer

way to probe the unconscious mind; in psychoanalysis, the blocking that occurs when therapy touches upon anxiety-evoking thoughts or feelings

question

transference relationship

answer

the tendency of clients to reenact earlier conflicts/relationships in their lives in the relationships they develop w therapists

question

countertransference

answer

the tendency for therapists to relate to clients in ways that mirror the relationships theyve had w important figures in their own lives

question

compared to traditional psychoanalysis, modern forms of psychodynamic therapy are

answer

briefer, allow for more interaction between therapists and client, and focus on ego

question

humanistic therapies emphasize

answer

subjective, conscious experience, and development of ones unique potential

question

client-centered therapy

answer

developed by carl rogers; focuses on exploration of self; therapist seeks to create warm, accepting, therapeutic environment where client can open up; therapist reflects back to clients feelings

question

carl rogers believed that for therapists to be effective, they must demonstrate

answer

1. empathy 2. unconditional positive regard for clients 3. genuineness

question

gestalt therapy

answer

developed by frit perls; challenges clients to express how theyre feeling at each moment in time; uses roleplaying exercises to help clients blend the conflicting parts of their personality into integrated "whole"

question

behavior therapy

answer

a form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the principles of learning; aka behavior modification; involves systematic application of learning principles to weaken undesirable behaviors and strengthen adaptive behaviors; probs are learned and can be unlearned

question

systematic desensizitation

answer

a behavior therapy technique for treating phobias through the pairing of exposure in imagination to fear-inducing stimuli and states of deep relaxation

question

fear hierarchy

answer

an ordered series of increasingly fearful objects or situations

question

gradual exposure

answer

a behavior therapy technique for treating phobias based on direct exposure to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli; aka in-vivo (real life) exposure

question

modeling

answer

a behavior therapy technique for overcoming phobias and acquiring more adaptive behaviors based on observing and imitating models

question

to help people overcome phobic responses, behavior therapists use

answer

learning-based techniques such as systematic desensitization, gradual exposure and modeling; also uses operant conditioning principles to strengthen desirable behavior and weaken/eliminate undesirable behavior

question

virtual reality therapy

answer

a form of exposure therapy in which virtual reality is used to stimulate real-world environments

question

aversive conditioning

answer

a form of behavior therapy in which stimuli associated w undesirable behavior are paired w aversive stimuli to create a negative response to these stimuli, applies principles of classic conditioning to create unpleasant responses w undesirable behaviors; not widespread used bc ineffective once outside treatment setting

question

token economy

answer

a behavior modification program used in mental health facilities that uses positive reinforcers (tokens) for producing desirable behaviors

question

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

answer

a form of therapy that combines behavioral and cognitive treatment techniques; many behavior therapists use this - focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs as well as problem behaviors

question

cognitive therapists help clients challenge maladaptive thoughts and beliefs and replace them w

answer

more adaptive ways of thinking; pioneered by albert ellis and aaron beck; emotional probs arent bc of events, but the interpretation of the events

question

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

answer

developed by albert allis; a form of therapy based on identifying and correcting irrational beliefs that are thought to underlie emotional and behavioral difficulties; therapist pounds away irrational beliefs and client is persuaded to replace w rational ways of thinking; based on the view that irrational beliefs cause people to suffer emotional distress in the face of disappointing life experiences; irrational thought=shoulds and musts

question

emotional distress

answer

activating events - beliefs - consequences (ABC approach) later added D for dispute

question

cognitive therapy

answer

developed by aaron beck, a form of therapy that helps clients recognize and correct distorted patterns of thinking associated w negative emotional states; focuses on helping clients identify and correct distorted thoughts and beliefs that have no basis in reality; consider external factors in bad events

question

major difference between two therapies, rational emotive behavior therapy and cognitive therapy

answer

REBT adopts a more direct and confrontational approach, whereas the cognitive approach is gentler and gives clients a chance

question

eclectic therapy

answer

a therapeutic approach that draws upon principles and techniques representing dif schools of therapy; produces max benefits for clients; 2nd more pop in clinical psychologist after cognitive

question

group therapy

answer

a form of therapy in which clients are treated within group format; the group may be collection of unrelated people, a family, or a couple; people in this benefit from interaction

question

family therapy

answer

therapy for troubled families that focuses on changing disruptive patterns of communication and improving the ways in which fam members relate to each other; everyone plays a certain role and must be accepting of each others needs and difference

question

a wealth of scientific findings supports the effectiveness of psychotherapy, but

answer

questions remain about whether some forms are more effective than others

question

couple therapy

answer

therapy that focuses on helping distressed couples resolve their conflicts and develop more effective communication skills

question

meta-analysis

answer

a statistical technique for averaging results across large # of studies; study found that person receiving psychotherapy achieved better outcomes than 80% of people in control groups

question

treatments best for which disorders

answer

-cognitive therapy: depression -behavior therapy: depression, people w developmental delays, OCD, agoraphobia -cognitive behavioral therapy: panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bulimia -interpersonal psychotherapy: depression

question

nonspecific factors

answer

general features of psychotherapy, such as attention from a therapist and mobilization of positive expectancies or hope

question

therapeutic alliance

answer

the attachment the client feels toward the therapist and therapy; stronger this is, better the outcomes; evidence points to both specific and nonspecific factors in accounting for benefits in psychotherapy

question

placebo effects

answer

positive outcomes of an experiment resulting from a participants positive expectations about the treatment rather than the treatment itself

question

therapists are trained to be sensitive to

answer

cultural differences among the different groups of people they treat; african americans may be less open to white therapist, asians more secluded w feelings, hispanics interdependent on family, native americans quieter in sessions

question

psychotrophic drugs

answer

used in the treatment of psychological/mental disorders; work on neurotransmitter systems in the brain to help regulate moods and thinking processes; 1/5 adults in u.s. use; 3 classes: antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics - work as agonists or antagonists

question

antianxiety drugs

answer

drugs that combat anxiety; most widely used drugs are valium, librium, and xanax - they act on GABA, inhibitory neurotransmitter and makes receptors more sensitive

question

antidepressants

answer

drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels/activity of neurotransmitters

question

3 major types of antidepressants

answer

tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO), and selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) - less side effects

question

tricyclics (antidepressant type)

answer

raise brain levels of seratonin and norepineprine by interfering w reuptake process (tofranil and elavil)

question

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) (antidepressant type)

answer

inhibit action of enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters in synapse (nardil. parnate)

question

selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (antidepressant type)

answer

have specific effects on raising seratonin levels in brain by interfering w reuptake (zoloft, prozac)

question

antipsychotics

answer

drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders that help alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking (schizophrenia, etc); help alleviate symptoms but dont cure disorder

question

phenothiazines

answer

like thorazine and mellaril; blocks action of neurotransmitter dopamine at receptor sites in brain

question

lithium

answer

helps stabilize mood swing in bipolar disorder

question

stimulants

answer

like ritalin and concerta improve attention span and decrease disruptive behavior in children by increasing activity of dopamine in front lobes

question

big problem w pschotic meds bc

answer

relapses occur due to the fact that patients arent taught proper coping skills, but rather to just pop a pill

question

side effects of psychotic meds

answer

drowsiness, decreased sexual response, tremors, suicidal thoughts, weight gain, death when mixed w alc; symptom relief in less than 30%

question

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

answer

a form of therapy for severe depression that involves the administration of an electrical shock to the head; causes seizure-like convulsions; many health professionals view this as last resort for severe depression after failed treatments; causes relapse and mb loss of memory

question

psychosurgery

answer

brain surgery used to control violent or deviant behavior

question

prefrontal lobotomy

answer

a surgical procedure in which neural pathways in the brain are severed in order to control violent or aggressive behavior (antonio moriz)

question

the community mental health movement offers the hope that mental patients can be reintegrated into society, but

answer

in far too many cases, it remains a hope as yet unfulfilled

question

deinstitutionalization

answer

a policy of reducing the population of mental hospitals by shifting care from inpatient facilities to community-based outpatient facilities; community living may not be beneficial for residents

Psych Chapter 14 Test Answers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards