Psych 7A Consciousness Chapter – Flashcards
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What describes locked-in syndrome?
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After a stroke or other brain trauma, voluntary movement of all or almost all muscles is lost, but autonomic functions remain.
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Consciousness is best defined as:
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a state of wakefulness
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One example of an automatic process is
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walking
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According to your text, consciousness is necessary for each of the following except? Complex actions;higher-level thinking;automatic processing;communicating with others
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automatic processing
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Frank Tong and colleagues superimposed a house onto a face and asked participants to make judgments about what they saw. What were the participants' brain responses?
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The brain activity changed depending on whether participants to make judgments about they saw.
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What disorder may call for the corpus callosum to be surgically removed?
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epilepsy
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After split-brain surgery, a picture of a chair is shown to the right hemisphere of a patient. When asked what she saw, the patient states she saw _____, but when given a pencil she draws _____.
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a chair; nothing
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Split-brain patients can walk, talk, think, and interact as though nothing major has happened. Why might this be?
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All brain functions are left intact. Since each hemisphere controls only half of the body, it does not matter much that the two hemispheres are not connected.
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A Freudian slip can best be described as a(n)
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unconscious thought that was expressed at an inappropriate time
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The processing of information by sensory systems without conscious awareness is referred to as
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the smart unconscious
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An altered state of consciousness in which the brain remains active but the individual is unaware of its activity is known as
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sleep
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Why are humans typically able to remain in the bed during sleep?
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The brain is still processing information about its surroundings, thus you are aware of the boundaries of the bed.
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REM sleep is characterized by:
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increased brain activity, body paralysis, and dreaming
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According to your text, how do successive REM periods change as the night progresses?
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Successive REM periods become longer
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REM sleep is sometimes called "active sleep" for all the following reasons EXCEPT? -brain activity is intense during REM sleep -vivid dreams occur during rem sleep -the activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep -the eyes move rapidly during REM sleep
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the activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep
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Occasionally, Jon will fall asleep while working with a customer. Jon is experiencing which sleep disorder?
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narcolepsy
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Your friend has been complaining about her inability to concentrate and her irritability. She mentions that she has not been able to fall asleep. What condition might your friend have?
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insomnia
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Your friend has a child who wakes up during the first hour of sleep and walks around with a glassy-eyed look. The little girl can be walked back to bed and does not remember the episode in the morning. Your friend is very worried that his child may have been a severe sleep disorder. Based on your knowledge of sleep, you reply that the child
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is likely sleepwalking, and this condition is typical for her age group (young children)
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Which of the following is NOT likely a purpose of sleep?
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reducing the likelihood of schizophrenia
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Your text suggests that from infancy through adolescence, hours of sleep per night is probably
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negatively correlated with age in years
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Sean, who is 18 years old, complains that he never dreams. He asks if this could be possible. Based on what you know about dream behavior, you are likely to
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disagree because everyone dreams unless they have had brain trauma or something
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Dreams occurring during REM sleep are ______; dreams occurring during non-REM sleep are _____
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bizarre and highly emotional; dull and mundane
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The symbolic meaning of a dream is referred to as
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latent content
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The dream the way a dreamer remembers it is referred to as
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manifest content
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According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, dreaming is the result of
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neural stimulation, which activates mechanisms that normally interpret visual input
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Consciousness can be altered through
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hypnosis, meditation, drug use
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Which of the following statements concerning hypnosis is true?
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it is an altered state of consciousness
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Gerdie volunteers for a demonstration on hypnosis. The hypnotist makes a series of suggestions to her, and she appears to enter a hypnotic state. The hypnotist then asks her to perform a series of silly behaviors, and she appears to willingly engage in these. The hypnotist then tells her to forget all that she did on stage. Later, she appears to have forgotten. Her forgetting is due to the effects of
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posthypnotic suggestions
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Which of the following is NOT a potential clinical use for hypnosis?
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speeding surgical recovery
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According to the sociocognitive theory, hypnosis is
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a dissociative state
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In concetrative mediation a person
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focuses attention on one thing
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The particular kind of experience that is so engrossing and enjoyable that you do it for its own sake, rather than because of its consequences, is called
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runner's high
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A mind-altering substance that changes the brain's neurochemistry by activating neurotransmitter receptors is called a
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psychoactive drug
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The most widely used illegal drug is
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marijuana
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Who is most likely to use marijuana for a medicinal purpose?
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a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy to reduce nausea
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of opiate drugs? feeling of intense pleasure; pain relief or analgesia; increased heart rate; relaxation
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increased heart rate
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What drug(s) is/are involved in more than half of fatal car accidents, one third of homicides, and often risky sexual behavior?
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alcohol
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Research has shown that the effects of alcohol on emotions and behavior
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are nearly identical across individuals
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The compulsive use of ad rug depsite negative consequence sis referred to as
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addiction
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Giacomo has used crystal methamphetamine for a while. to feel the effects of the drug, he now needs to take a couple of lines instead of just one. What best describes Giacomo's experience?
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tolerance
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The need for continued use of a drug to avoid symptoms of withdrawal is
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dependence
