Psych 200 final exam ch 15 #91-168 – Flashcards

91. Self theories emphasize: A) social forces. B) sexual or racial discrimination. C) the core self. D) circumscribed opportunities.

92. Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called: A) self theories. B) stratification theories. C) continuity theories. D) activity theories.

93. Erikson called the final crisis of development: A) optimization versus compensation. B) generativity versus stagnation. C) integrity versus despair. D) activity versus disengagement.

94. According to Erikson, integrity versus despair is the focus of: A) adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) late adulthood.

95. An elderly woman who seeks to integrate her unique personal experiences with the future of her community is in Erikson's stage of: A) generativity versus stagnation. B) optimization versus compensation. C) activity versus disengagement. D) integrity versus despair.

96. Marge was asked to select a cherished object from her life. She chose a small tarnished picture frame with a photo of her and her mother when she was a girl. Her selection demonstrated her attempt to: A) portray her object as a valued antique. B) be young again. C) hold on to her identity. D) resolve deep issues she had with her mother.

97. Martha cherished her family photographs and letters from her children and siblings. She began to save many more items that reminded her of family members. Soon, she displayed: A) an abundance of scrap-booking materials. B) a fire hazard. C) improved memory for details. D) compulsive hoarding.

98. The theory that each person experiences the changes of late adulthood and behaves towards others in ways that are consistent with their behavior in earlier periods of life is: A) self theories. B) stratification theories. C) continuity theory. D) activity theory.

99. At age 65, Mrs. Walker reacted to her recent retirement in much the same way that she dealt with earlier life changes. This illustrates: A) continuity theory. B) activity theory. C) disengagement theory. D) diversity theory.

100. According to continuity theory, the Big Five personality traits: A) change in middle and late adulthood. B) are maintained throughout old age. C) suddenly change after age 60. D) follow no predictable pattern.

101. Continuity theory would argue that the reaction of a 70-year-old to the news that he has diabetes and must dramatically change his lifestyle is best predicted by the patient's: A) intelligence test scores. B) religious background. C) past coping patterns. D) diagnosis.

102. Which of the following is true of selective optimization with compensation? A) It involves older adults figuring out how to accomplish what they want despite their limitations. B) Older adults who use it are those with poor self-efficacy. C) It was first emphasized by Freud and Erikson. D) It expects that older adults will attempt to continue to do everything they have always done.

103. Polly effusively describes her youth and earlier adulthood as "perfect," having had many wonderful experiences, a loving family, and good friends. She is demonstrating: A) the positivity effect. B) mild dementia. C) the self-fulfilling prophecy. D) side-effects of her medication.

104. Which of the following theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood? A) dynamic theories B) self theories C) stratification theories D) behavioral theories

105. The three major stratification categories emphasized in the textbook that can limit choice at every stage of life are: A) age, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. B) age, gender, and socioeconomic status. C) age, gender, and level of education. D) age, gender, and ethnicity.

106. The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as: A) stratification by age. B) selective optimization. C) self-actualization. D) social stagnation.

107. The most controversial version of age stratification theory is: A) compensation. B) disengagement. C) optimization. D) activity.

108. A man who is almost 65 years old develops a more passive style of interaction and withdraws from society. Which theory predicts this behavior? A) continuity B) self-actualization C) selective optimization D) disengagement

109. The antithesis of disengagement theory is: A) epigenetic theory. B) identity theory. C) activity theory. D) feminist theory.

110. Recent research in Sweden has indicated that the quality of life in late adulthood is directly related to: A) getting enough rest throughout the day. B) engaging in many leisure activities. C) exercising at least 20 minutes each day. D) having a hobby.

111. Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society? A) feminist B) continuity C) disengagement D) sexist

112. Andre's wife of 45 years recently suffered a stroke and required daily in-home care. Typical of men his age whose spouse requires additional care, Andre: A) arranged for his daughter to temporarily move in. B) retired from his job to care for her. C) began working more hours to pay for her care. D) visited several nursing homes before he selected one for her.

113. The notion that ethnic discrimination and racism shape experiences and attitudes is the view of which stratification theory? A) stratification by ethnicity B) stratification by age C) stratification by gender D) stratification by income

114. The fact that European-American elderly are more likely to own homes than are African-American elderly is of particular concern to which stratification theory? A) stratification by age B) stratification by gender C) stratification by ethnicity D) stratification by income

115. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the percentage of those over the age of 65 who are still in the work force is: A) 10 percent of men and 5 percent of women. B) 15 percent of men and 10 percent of women. C) 21 percent of men and 13 percent of women. D) 25 percent of men and 20 percent of women.

116. Recent research has indicated that most older adults: A) want to work as long as they are physically able. B) want to retire as soon as they are eligible. C) prefer semi-retirement to full retirement. D) prefer to find less strenuous employment after they retire.

117. According to research, positive emotions in the elderly are correlated with: A) feeling recognized for their accomplishments. B) feeling loved. C) continued independence. D) living with their children.

118. When older Americans move, they are most likely to move: A) not far from their old residence. B) to a new community. C) to a different state. D) to a place where they can meet new friends.

119. Where is an elderly person most likely to prefer to live? A) a planned retirement community B) in Florida C) his or her own home D) nursing homes

120. Claire and Dennis have lived in the same house for over 40 years. They reared their children there and were actively involved in the community. As they age, their children want them to move to a nearby small apartment. Like many other older adults, Claire and Dennis: A) look forward to living closer to their children. B) prefer to age in place. C) will leave their house but will not sell it. D) want their children to move back into the family home.

121. When young adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave, the result is: A) a retirement home. B) aging in place. C) forced occurring retirement community. D) a naturally occurring retirement community.

122. In 2005, the number of adults over the age of 65 in the United States who were enrolled in continuing education was: A) one in five. B) one in ten. C) one in fourteen. D) one in twenty.

123. Which of the following is a program for continuing education for the elderly in the United States? A) Elderhostel B) Older Education C) Advanced Placement D) Senior Services

124. Mr. Inman is 71 years old and has just enrolled in a course at the local college. Which of the following is least likely to be his motivation? A) career advancement B) desire for social development C) making home repairs D) learning a new vocational skill

125. Which of the following statements about older people and religion is true? A) Older people are less likely to attend weekly religious services than are younger people. B) Most places of worship accommodate the needs of the older adults. C) Religious faith decreases with age. D) Religious institutions play a minor role to older Americans who feel alienated from the larger society.

126. What percentage of older adults volunteer in political campaigns? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5

127. Which of the following is the largest organized interest group in the world? A) NAACP B) NRA C) ACLU D) AARP

128. The requirement for membership in AARP is that the person must be: A) retired. B) over 50. C) over 70. D) collecting Social Security.

129. The term "social convoy" refers to the notion that: A) he who travels fastest travels alone. B) it is not healthy to spend time alone. C) we travel through life in the company of others. D) we need a strong leader in times of conflict.

130. Compared to single older adults, the married elderly tend to be: A) happier and wealthier. B) happier but poorer. C) poorer and less happy. D) similar with regard to happiness and wealth.

131. Who is most likely to be the healthiest and happiest at age 70? A) Jan, who never married and lives alone B) Annette, who is living with her husband C) Carly, who is a widow and did not remarry D) Susan, who is divorced and lives with her grandchildren

132. Most studies of marriages of long duration find that compared to younger adults, the elderly are: A) more open to the possibility of divorcing. B) happier in their marriages. C) unhappy, but not inclined to divorce. D) less committed to marriage as an institution.

133. Compared to younger couples, older couples in long-term marriages: A) have more conflict. B) are less emotionally intense. C) have more frequent sex. D) are closer.

134. Ed and Janet have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied: A) "We spend time apart every day." B) "We have learned how to disagree." C) "We maintain a close relationship with our children." D) "We have separate bedrooms."

135. In the United States, wives average ______ years of widowhood. A) 3-5 B) 4-10 C) 10-12 D) 14

136. Mrs. Bronson has been recently widowed. Compared to a widower, she: A) probably anticipated her widowhood. B) can expect less help from friends. C) will have fewer financial problems. D) is less likely to ask for help.

137. After losing a spouse, older women typically: A) look to remarry. B) enjoy their independence, choosing not to remarry. C) enjoy their independence and seek to marry a younger man. D) prefer to cohabitate than marry.

138. Elderly men may be more troubled by losing a spouse than elderly women are because men: A) need companionship more. B) are less likely to seek out comfort and help. C) are more likely to remain alone. D) have greater difficulty concealing their grief.

139. Which of the following older adults is likely to be most lonely? A) Barney, who has lost two wives in six years B) Fred, who lost his wife twelve years ago C) Wilma, who is in a long-term marriage D) Betty, who has lost two husbands in eight years

140. A family of many generations but only a few members of each generation describes the ______ family pattern. A) beanpole B) nuclear C) stratified D) collective

141. Barbara's relationship with her two adult sons is peppered with conflict and tension over choices they make in their lives. They rarely listen to her advice. Barbara is typical of many parents with grown, independent children in that she: A) wants them to reflect her personal values. B) feels responsible for their failures. C) hasn't stopped parenting. D) expects them to make the same choices she would make.

142. Brad has added a room onto his house in anticipation of his elderly parents moving in with him. As the oldest son, he feels obligated to provide care for them out of a sense of: A) filial responsibility. B) family ethics. C) guilt. D) satisfaction in spending their final years together.

143. The closest but most vulnerable family relationship when the parent is in late adulthood is the relationship between: A) mother and daughter. B) mother and son. C) father and daughter. D) father and son.

144. Grown daughters often feel that their mothers: A) defer to their wishes. B) are too distant. C) are intrusive. D) need a lot of attention.

145. With regard to their grown children, most elderly people: A) are more likely to give financial support than to receive it. B) try to control their children's lives. C) lose interest in their children. D) withdraw from family connections.

146. By age 70 what percentage of adults are grandparents? A) 75 percent B) 80 percent C) 85 percent D) 90 percent

147. Grandparents who are emotionally distant but who are honored, respected, and obeyed by grandchildren are considered to have which of the following grandparenting style? A) remote B) involved C) surrogate D) companionate

148. Mildred and Louis are respected and obeyed by their grandchildren. They would be described as ______ grandparents. A) involved B) companionate C) remote D) surrogate

149. In the United States a century ago, the typical grandparent was: A) involved. B) remote. C) companionate. D) traditional.

150. Mrs. Smith lives in the same house as her grandchildren and cares for them every day. Her grandparenting is: A) surrogate. B) remote. C) involved. D) companionate.

151. Earl and Lynn enjoy babysitting their grandchild when their other commitments and their busy lifestyle give them time for it. Their grandparenting style is: A) involved. B) distant. C) remote. D) companionate.

152. Companionate grandparents are: A) emotionally distant elders. B) active in the day-to-day life of their grandchildren. C) independent and autonomous. D) least likely to be close to their adult children.

153. Most contemporary grandparents in the United States prefer which role? A) involved B) remote C) traditional D) companionate

154. The style of grandparenting that generally brings the most satisfaction to middle-aged individuals in the United States is the ______ role. A) involved B) companionate C) remote D) traditional

155. Mrs. Williams's grandchildren live with her because their parents are both drug addicts. She is now considered a(n): A) involved grandparent. B) surrogate parent. C) remote grandparent. D) companionate parent.

156. If the government pays the grandparent to provide for grandchildren because the parents have been judged neglectful or abusive, that is called: A) full-time grandparenting. B) kinship care. C) limited parenting. D) substitute grandparenting.

157. Research indicates that having a partner and children is: A) essential for happiness in late adulthood. B) non-essential for happiness in late adulthood. C) essential for financial security in late adulthood. D) non-essential for financial security in late adulthood.

158. Today, most never-married older adults are: A) pitied or ridiculed. B) immature or selfish. C) in need of supervision. D) happy and active.

160. The most important buffer against the loss that comes from retirement and widowhood is having: A) several grandchildren. B) at least one close friend. C) children who live nearby. D) neighbors who live nearby.

161. The term "ADL" refers to A) aged developmental limitations. B) activities of daily life. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) association for disabled living.

162. Which of the following is one of the ADLs? A) bathing B) shopping C) paying bills D) phone calls

163. The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that: A) ADLs are simple enough that even the frail elderly can do them independently. B) IADLs are the same across cultures. C) ADLs require professional training. D) IADLs require some intellectual competence.

164. Which of the following is a true statement about family caregivers of the frail elderly? A) Daughters-in-law are often grateful that they can reciprocate for nurturing they once received. B) Dementia greatly increases the burden of caretaking. C) A majority eventually become clinically depressed. D) Public agencies frequently provide services to compensate for needs the caregiver is unable to fulfill.

165. Which of the following increases the likelihood of elder abuse? A) substance abuse by caregiver B) poverty C) frailty D) All of the answers are correct.

166. Most elder abuse is committed by: A) nursing home workers. B) health care providers. C) social workers. D) adult children.

167. Elder maltreatment is: A) more likely to occur in a nursing home than at home. B) likely to cause isolation, fear, and dependence. C) always physical in nature. D) usually at the hands of strangers.

168. An intermediate form of care for older adults is: A) aging in place with an aide. B) assisted living. C) a nursing home. D) an elder group home.