Psych 10 – Flashcard
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What is Psychology?
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The science of behavior and mental processes
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What is most important to your survival?
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Human relationships
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What is the course syllabus?
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A legal contract between university and student
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What are human behavior and mental processes?
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Products of scientifically understandable levels and systems
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What are families, groups, and nations to individual behavior?
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An important determinant of individual behavior
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Are events at the biochemical level and the political level independent, dependent, or interdependent?
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Interdependent and can influence one another
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What is the human brain?
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Only one level of psychological explanation
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What are DNA, chromosomes, and genes?
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Only one level of psychological explanation
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What were the first living cells?
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Bubbles
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What does sexual reproduction do to the healthy variation in offspring?
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Increases
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Women are elephants, but what are men?
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Frogs and or elephants
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What men want from women and what women want from men is what?
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Same in some ways, opposite in other ways, and same for different reasons in other ways
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How many phases of sexual responding do men have? Women?
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Both have four
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What is the best treatment for sexual performance problems?
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Education and communication training
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What largely determines whether one is heterosexual or homosexual?
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Hormones before birth
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Whether one will have masculine or feminine interests is largely determined by what?
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Hormones before birth
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How is homosexual behavior seen?
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In some cultures it is an essential part of masculinity
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Short-term memory is part of what?
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The hippocampus
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What is the most important division of the cortex?
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Front and back
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What do employees see about college?
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Some college is no college
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What is the current perspective that Gestalt psychology has evolved into?
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Cognitive psychology
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What kind of psychologist tries to understand how people select their mates?
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Evolutionary psychologist
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What experiment is done where neither the participants or individuals running the experiment know which is the control group?
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Double-blind study
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What is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
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Deception must be justified
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What is the function of the neuron's axon?
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To carry messages to other cells
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What is one purpose of the myelin?
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To speed up the neural message traveling down the axon
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What equipment is used to monitor brain waves?
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Electroencephalograph
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What lobe is affected if one cannot understand what people were saying to him?
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Temporal
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What is the principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged?
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Weber's law
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What is the average threshold for human vision with a candle flame seen on a dark, clear night?
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30 miles
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What part of the eye is blue/brown/etc?
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Irises
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What is an example of opponent cells?
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Yellow and blue
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What is a biological cycle that is approximately 24 hours long called?
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Circadian cycle
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What is a sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the naval passages?
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Sleep apnea
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Manifest content is to latent content as...
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Obvious is to symbolic
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What is alcohol classified as?
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A depressant
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If a cat salivates as soon as it hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric cat opener, what is the conditioned stimulus?
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The sound of the electric can opener
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What findings from many research studies have promoted the idea that spanking a child may be a bad idea?
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Children who were spanked at the age of 3 showed more aggressive tendencies by the age of 5
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A child found he gets what he wants if he whines, but his father decided to refuse to give in and ignore him, what will happen?
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Extinction
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What must you do to learn complex material?
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Review your notes
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What is most unique: Faces, DNA, or Brains?
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Brains
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What must you do it you are low in some ability?
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Use your other strengths to compensate for areas of weakness
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How much of reality do we perceive?
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Only a small part
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What is true about perceptions?
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We create our own perceptions
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What decides whether a perceptual template fits or not?
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The frontal lobes
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Can our perceptions be changed?
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They can be changed by culture, personality, and choice
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What are chemical senses in organisms?
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They are primary in all organisms
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What is a chemical produced in one organism that has an effect in a different organism?
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A pheromone
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What is hypnosis?
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Perception, communication, and personality
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How was the woman in the video who was struck blind cured?
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By a placebo
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How known are sport and games?
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They are known to all peoples and societies
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What are the group processes?
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In out, up down, near far, right wrong
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What was the reason for mass suicide in Heaven's Gate?
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It was normal group processes gone awry
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How were the individuals who killed themselves at Jonestown?
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They were not mentally ill
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How are our beliefs shaped?
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By our memberships in groups
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Why is fear and prejudice important?
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They're important adaptive human mechanisms
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How long did it take Jane Elliot to inculcate eye-color prejudice in third graders?
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15 minutes
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In the Milgram study, what proportion of volunteers complied with the Experimenter's instructions to administer deadly electric shock to a complete stranger?
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2/3
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The evil deeds of the Nazis in WWII were mainly due to what?
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Group process
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What are the three parts of the information-processing model of memory?
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Encoding, storage, and retrieval
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Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing. What is this an example of?
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Selective attention
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What are examples of a test using recall?
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Short answer, essay, and fill in the blank
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Basked on the Loftus study subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident and some of the subjects were asked a question about a blue car when the actual slides contained pictures of a green car. When these same subjects were asked about the color of the car at the accident, they were found to be confused. What is this an example of?
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Misinformation effect
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A group of businessmen and women get together to try to solve the problem of decreased sales of their company's products. One of them suggests that they generate as many ideas as they can in a short period of time without being critical of any of them. What is this technique of stimulating divergent thinking?
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Brainstorming
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Alfred Binet designed the first test of what?
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Intelligence
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What activities/sports noted by your textbook as having a concerning number of head injuries an concussions?
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Cheerleading
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Each of the 10 children born to Ernest and Elvira Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic The Orangeburgs are expecting an 11th child, who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to what? And evidenced to what?
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Nature and nature versus nurture controversy
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In Piaget's theory, the stage of development between birth and 2 years of age, in which the individual uses senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment is called which stage?
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Sensorimoter
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Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crisis resolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?
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Autonomy versus shame and doubt
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Hector is 70 years old and has just retired from a career as a lawyer. He is now spending time looking back on his life and is recognizing, as well as coming to terms with, mistakes, regrets, and unfinished business. This process is called what?
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Life review
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Early in the twentieth century, William McDougal proposed there were how many human instincts?
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18
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According to drive-reduction theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?
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Tension is reduced
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Sydney said, "I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this?
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Need for affiliation
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What can vary from culture to culture and are socially acceptable ways of showing emotion in public setting?
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Display rules
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The breasts contain what glands for milk production?
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Mammary
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What is it where the fetus is growing in the womb, the chromosomes of the 23rd pair cause the release of the proper hormones to stimulate the growth of the sex organs
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Primary sex characteristics
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"Children observe the world around them and develop mental concepts to represent the concepts of male and female. They then develop a concept of their own gender, and adjust their behaviors to be consistent with that concept." This statement is the foundation of what theory?
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Gender schema
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Ben has finished having sex and lost his erection, and his scrotal sac has begun to thin again. He is likely to be in what stage of the sexual response cycle, according to Masters and Johnson.
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Resolution
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Which training usually offers full financial support during training?
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Phd psychology
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PhD in psychology always trains one for what?
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Research and teaching
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Which Master's Degree in Psychology can lead to license and independent practice?
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MS in school psychology
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What are personality disorders?
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Extreme and inflexible variants of normal functioning
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Psychopath or Sociopath are older terms for what we now call what?
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Antisocial personality disorder
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Treatment of Personality Disorders almost always involves what?
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No medications or surgery
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What does schizophrenia mean
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Split mind
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People with Schizophrenia have how many personalities?
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One personality
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What are common cognitive features of Mood Disorder?
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Global, stable, personal
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Electroconvulsive Therapy is what?
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An effective treatment for severe mood disorder
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What is a drug?
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Substance that alters body functions
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Who uses drugs?
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Everyone
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What is the difference between legal and illegal drugs?
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Legal drugs are lawmakers and illegal drugs are underclass
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Which country incarcerates the most people in the world and for what?
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Usa for drugs
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What is the result of making drugs illegal?
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They become expensive and controlled by criminals
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The two Judas Priest fans who shot themselves were what?
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Multiproblem kids
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How is Parent Training done?
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Baseline, kids game, parents game
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What is the way to manage individual behavior?
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Choices and consequences
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What is most prominently affected in Dementia?
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Short term memory
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Are the treatments administered by the Shaman or Witch Doctor helpful?
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Probably helpful
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Min-Jee is currently very concerned about a recent increase in fighting among her family members. When talking with her therapist, she notes that this has been her biggest concern lately. According to the research into the severity of a different hassles, what is probably true about Min-Jee's age?
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She is an adult
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According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at what stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
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Exhaustion
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What trait is associated with people who live to be very old?
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Being easygoing
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What method of acculturation will most likely result in the highest degree of acculturative stress?
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Developing a new set of values that is a compromise between the old and the new cultures?
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What aspect of culture tends to decrease rates of conformity?
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Lower levels of collectivism
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What is the relationship between expertise and persuasion?
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Greater expertise leads to greater persuasion
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The issue of racial profiling has been a controversial topic in the United States for many years, and it was particularly widespread after the events of September 11, 2001. When an individual engages in profiling and assumes that one person must possess certain qualities because of their race or ethnicity, he is engaging in what?
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Sterotyping
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There is currently a long history of fighting between the Israelis and the Palestinians, and many attempts to resolve these conflicts have failed. According to what theory, the prejudice and discrimination that exists between the two groups will continue to rise as the conflict over limited land in Israel continues.
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Realistic conflict
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An individual operating on the reality principle seeks what?
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Rational means for obtaining gratification
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Jeff has to get up early to go to school, but he wants to stay up late and watch tv. His parents disapprove of him staying up late, but when they go out for the evening, he disregards their wishes and stays up late anyway. The next day he feels extremely guilty. What would Carl Rogers explain Jeff's guilt as?
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A psychological conflict between personal desire and the opinion
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Which theories are less concerned with the explanation of personality development and changing personality than they are with describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description?
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Trait theories
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If Sylvia is described as trustworthy, altruistic and tender-minded, then she probably is fairly high on the Big Five Factor known as what?
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Agreeableness
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Research on what supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences?
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Heritability of traits
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Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to what to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder?
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
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A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called what disorder?
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Obsessive compulsive
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An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting is called what?
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Bulimia
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Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, and identity. Therefore, Steve most likely has what kind of disorder?
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Dissociative
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Willamina is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be what kind of therapist?
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Insight
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Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgement. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating what?
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Unconditional positive regard
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Aidan goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. He and his therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-stop methods for Aidan to use in order to reach his weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Aidan's therapist is using which of the following methods?
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Contingency contract
