PSYC EXAM 3 (Ch. 14) – Flashcards
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Secondary sex characteristics are characteristics that:
A. are inside the body.
B. are not directly related to reproduction.
C. occur later in development.
D. are hard to detect.
answer
B
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Adolescent acne is usually brought on by:
A. changes in diet.
B. increased activity of oil and sweat glands.
C. sexual frustration.
D. changes in the lymphoid system.
answer
B
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Changes in primary sex characteristics during puberty include:
A. growth of pubic hair and underarm hair.
B. growth of the uterus and the testes.
C. rapid increase in height.
D. growth of a beard.
answer
B
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Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of:
A. participating in contact sports.
B. reproduction.
C. giving blood.
D. weight loss.
answer
B
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At what age does the brain become fully mature?
A. 20
B. 25
C. 35
D. 30
answer
B
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Family conflict and stress:
A. typically increase after puberty.
B. typically decrease after puberty.
C. may cause the early onset of puberty.
D. may cause the late onset of puberty.
answer
C
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The gland(s) located just above the kidneys, which secrete(s) norepinephrine in a stress response, is (are) the:
A. adrenals.
B. gonads.
C. hypothalamus.
D. pituitary.
answer
A
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The term gonads refers to:
A. testes in boys and ovaries in girls.
B. pituitary glands.
C. the adrenal glands.
D. the penis in males and the clitoris in females.
answer
A
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The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the:
A. circadian rhythm.
B. day-night cycle.
C. sleep cycle.
D. night-day cycle.
answer
A
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The gland(s) producing hormones that regulate growth and also directly activate the adrenal glands is (are) the:
A. gonads.
B. hypothalamus.
C. thyroid.
D. pituitary.
answer
D
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For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs:
A. after the weight and height spurt.
B. when facial hair first appears.
C. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.
D. following growth of the testes and penis.
answer
D
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Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called:
A. the brain stem.
B. adrenal glands.
C. the HPA axis.
D. hormones.
answer
D
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Of the following parts of the brain, which is the last to fully mature in adolescence?
A. brain stem
B. prefrontal cortex
C. hippocampus
D. limbic system
answer
B
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The term menarche refers to:
A. the beginning of growth of the uterus.
B. a girl's first menstrual period.
C. the first year of menstruation, which is usually anovulatory.
D. the first ovulation of a mature egg.
answer
B
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For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is the:
A. first intercourse.
B. spermarche.
C. discharge of enough sperm to fertilize an ovum.
D. growth of the penis.
answer
B
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During puberty, testosterone increases:
A. in both males and females.
B. only in females.
C. in neither males nor females.
D. in males.
answer
A
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In girls, the onset of puberty brings the lowering of the voice at approximately age:
A. 11.
B. 13.
C. 15.
D. 14.
answer
D
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For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:
A. the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche.
B. the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development.
C. menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development.
D. the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche.
answer
D
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During the growth spurt, the last part(s) of the body to grow is (are) the:
A. hands and feet.
B. nose, lips, and ears.
C. limbs.
D. torso.
answer
D
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The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the:
A. cerebellum.
B. hippocampus.
C. hypothalamus.
D. ovaries or testes.
answer
C
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Janet and Carlos are both in their growth spurt. If they are typical of their sex, compared with Carlos, Janet will:
A. have an increase in upper body muscle.
B. have a higher proportion of body fat.
C. retain less fat.
D. burn off all her baby fat.
answer
B
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Bill noticed that he has some pubic hair. His next growth event will probably be:
A. beard development.
B. voice change.
C. spermarche.
D. growth of penis.
answer
D
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Over the last two centuries, children have tended to reach their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the name for this type of phenomenon?
A. evolution
B. generational trend
C. genetic predisposition
D. secular trend
answer
D
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Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between body fat and the onset of puberty is correct?
A. There is a negative correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty.
B. There is no correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty.
C. There is a positive correlation between obesity and early onset of puberty.
D. There is a correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty only among Native American adolescents.
answer
C
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Which of the following changes contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?
A. shrinkage of the lymphoid system
B. increase in sex hormones
C. more exposure to germs because of the increase in social activity
D. growth spurt
answer
A
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Latisha experienced menarche at the age of 5 years. Latisha experienced:
A. preterm menarche.
B. abnormal hormonal fluctuations.
C. excessively high levels of androgens.
D. precocious puberty.
answer
D
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Puberty
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the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development. _________ usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to achieve psychosocial maturity.
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Menarche
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a girl's first menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after menarche.
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Spermarche
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a boy's first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep (in a "wet dream") or via direct stimulation.
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Hormone
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an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.
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Pituitary
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a gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands.
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Adrenal glands
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two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the "stress hormones" epinerphine [adrenaline] and norepinephrine).
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HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis
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a sequence of hormone production originating in the hypothalamus and moving to the pituitary and then to the adrenal glands.
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Gonads
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the paired sex glands (ovaries in females, testicles in males). The ______ produce hormones and gametes.
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HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis
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a sequence of hormone production originating in the hypothalamus and moving to the pituitary and then to the gonads.
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Estradiol
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a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more _______ than males do.
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Testosterone
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a sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male hormones); secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.
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Secular trend
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the long-term upward or downward direction of a certain set of statistical measurements, as opposed to a smaller, shorter cyclical variation. As an example, over the last two centuries, because of improved nutrition and medical care, children have tended to reach their adult height earlier and their adult height has increased.
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Leptin
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a hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty. _________ levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12.
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Body image
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a person's idea of how his or her body looks.
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Anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. Affected individuals voluntarily undereat and often overexercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. Anorexia can be fatal.
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Bulimia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives.
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Growth spurt
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the relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty. Each body part increases in size on a schedule: Weight usually precedes height, and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso.
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Primary sex characteristics
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the parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis.
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Secondary sex characteristics
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physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man's beard and a woman's breasts.
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Child sexual abuse
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any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child, whether or not the victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved.
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Sexually transmitted infection (STI)
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a disease spread by sexual contact, including syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, chlamydia, and HIV.
