PSYC 2010 Final Quiz Questions – Flashcards
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Dissociative disorder can cause disruptions in all EXCEPT which area? a. language b. memory c. awareness d. identity
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a
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The term "psychopath," was once associated with traits that are now (more appropriately) associated with which disorder? a. paranoid b. antisocial personality c. narcissistic d. borderline personality
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b
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Which disorder is characterized by only a sudden loss of personal memory? a. delusion b. dissociative amnesia c. dissociative identity disorder d. dissociative fugue
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b
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When you see something that isn't there, this is an example of a ___________. a. hallucination b. negative symptom c. delusion d. comorbidity
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a
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Which personality disorder is characterized by disturbances in identity, disturbances in affect, and disturbances in inhibitory control? a. borderline personality b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic
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a
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Which of the following traits would describe schizoid personality disorder, from the DSM-5 Personality Disorders, Cluster : Odd or Eccentric Behavior? a. wants others to make decisions, and needs constant advice. b. tense, guarded, suspicious, and holds grudges. c. the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual d. socially isolated, with restricted emotional expression
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d
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According to the DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia includes the following, except for________. a. the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual b. grossly disorganized catatonic behavior c. negative symptoms (e.g., diminished emotional response, lack of motivation) d. delusions
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a
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According to your textbook, people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show _________ brain activation across the ___________, when compare with people without ADHD. a. more; parietal lobe and cerebellum b. more; frontal lobe and limbic regions c. less; frontal lobe and limbic regions d. less; parietal lobe and cerebellum
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c
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Clinicians consider the following question(s) when determining whether or not a patient's behavior represents psychopathalogy, except for which? a. Is the behavior maladaptive? b. does the behavior deviate from cultural norms? c. do members of the patient's social network find the behavior to be odd? d. is the behavior causing the individual personal distress?
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c
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_________ involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma. a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. schizoid personality disorder c. major depressive disorder d. schizophrenia
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a
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Andy was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. His family has learned the major symptoms of this disorder. Which of these is not one of those major symptoms? a. guilt b. hallucinations c. negative symptoms d. disorganized speech
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a
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For the past few months, Melanie was feeling so sad that she could not leave her bed most mornings. But for the past two weeks she has had an unlimited amount of energy and is starting many new projects, including making an impulsive decision to remodel her entire house, which uses up all of her savings. Melanie is most likely experiencing __________ disorder. a. bipolar b. dysthymia c. borderline personality d. major depressive
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a
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Janine feels tired and irritable. This morning's news reminded her that natural disasters can strike at any time. She is agonizing over an awkward conversation with her neighbor, who may be upset over her choice of flowers in the front beds. She is also starting to worry that she worries too much. Which anxiety disorder best describes her condition? a. panic disorder b. agoraphobia c. generalized anxiety disorder d. gnomophobia
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c
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Linus has an intrusive fear of being burglarized. He cannot stop thinking about the possibility of a home invasion. Several times per day, and before he leaves the house, Linus checks the locks to make sure the dead bolts are engaged. Which of the following is true about his condition? a. His disruptive thoughts are called compulsions, while his behavior of checking the locks is a relief. b. His disruptive thoughts are called obsessions, while his behavior of checking the locks is a compulsion. c. His disruptive thoughts are called anxieties, while his behavior of checking the locks is an obsession. d. His disruptive thoughts are called anxieties, while his behavior of checking the locks is a relief.
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b
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Of the following personality disorders, which one does not belong to the same cluster as the others? a. antisocial b. borderline c. narcissistic d. paranoid
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d
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Stewart has a family history of mental disorders, and he also had a troubled childhood. These factors represent his underlying vulnerability to mental problems, or __________, but do not guarantee that he will develop a psychological disorder. a. stress b. etiology c. diathesis d. continuum
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c
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Wayne's behavior is marked by a disregard for others' rights and feelings. He is charming but insincere, and when he is angry, he does not hesitate to make others suffer. Which type of tendencies does Wayne exhibit? a. schizoid b. histrionic c. psychopathic d. narcissistic
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c
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Which of the following scenarios describes someone with autism spectrum disorder? a. Isis is an intelligent girl but has a stutter and tends to respond inappropriately in conversation. b. Tim shows pervasive difficulty learning basic skills of daily living as well as academic material. He will probably need lifelong support. c. Bella is disruptive in class, and she often fidgets and loses track of tasks. d. Around age 2, Felix stopped speaking or making eye contact with people. He no longer responds to his own name.
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d
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Which of the following scenarios describes the concept of comorbidity? a. On a continuum, Taylor is moderately anxious. b. Taylor has a dual diagnosis of major depression and panic disorder. c. Taylor feels somewhat anxious in social situations, but not enough to disrupt her daily functioning. d. Taylor's anxiety is high enough to cause panic attacks.
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b
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Which of the following statements about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is false? a. Children typically outgrow ADHD by the time they enter adulthood. b. Children are generally not diagnosed with ADHD until they enter structured settings such as school. c. People with ADHD show less overall activation in the frontal and limbic regions of the brain. d. ADHD has a genetic component.
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a
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According to the diathesis-stress model, Mario's current stressful circumstances are not the only factor in whether or not he develops a mental disorder. Which two factors could contribute to his diathesis, or vulnerability? a. genetic predisposition and childhood trauma b. childhood trauma and substance use c. genetic predisposition and self-report d. bullying and substance abuse
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a
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Among some people, anxiety becomes paired to a specific event, perhaps through classical conditioning. Reduction of anxiety following a certain behavior becomes reinforced through operant conditioning, which leads to a cycle of anxiety and the conditioned behavior to reduce it. Which psychological disorder can develop in this way? a. agoraphobia b. posttraumatic stress disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. bipolar disorder
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c
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Amos, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has negative symptoms. What might this look like? a. He believes that he has committed a terrible sin. b. He believes that others are persecuting him. c. He demonstrates a lack of emotion and slowed speech. d. He speaks in rhyming phrases that do not make much sense.
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c
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Brandy is often unresponsive in social situations, and her language and cognitive development are impaired. She also shows restricted, repetitive behaviors, especially when stressed. Her symptoms began in early childhood and are consistent with which type of disorder? a. autism spectrum disorder b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. communication disorder d. intellectual disability
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a
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Jeffrey was diagnosed with ADHD at age 8. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true of Jeffrey? a. Jeffrey is likely to experience delusional thoughts. b. Jeffrey may demonstrate apathy, slowed speech, and other negative symptoms. c. Jeffrey may disrupt his peers by failing to notice social rules. d. Jeffrey will probably grow out of his symptoms by the time he reaches adulthood.
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c
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Meryl is quite uncomfortable in social relationships. She looks, dresses, and acts in a strange way that makes others feel uncomfortable. Which cluster of personality disorders is the best match for her behavior? a. Cluster A: odd or eccentric behavior b. Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior c. Cluster C: anxious or fearful behavior d. Meryl's symptoms fit into all of these clusters
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a
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People with this personality disorder tend to have disturbances in identity, emotional states, and impulse control. Because of their need for validation from others, they can manipulate social relationships and shift moods suddenly. a. antisocial b. borderline c. schizotypal d. psychopathic
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b
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Ricky's favorite band is about to release a new album, and Ricky believes that the music contains a secret message meant just for him. Which type of delusion is Ricky experiencing? a. persecution b. referential c. grandiose d. control
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b
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Substance abuse is common among people with other psychological disorders. What is the term for situations in which mental disorders occur together? a. etiology b. diathesis c. continuum d. comorbidity
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d
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Which of these scenarios best describes someone with agoraphobia? a. Lydia dreads parties. She worries intensely about what other people will think about her clothing, and even after the party is over, she obsessively replays conversations in her mind and becomes convinced that others think badly of her. b. A few times this month, Marwan has been struck with sudden attacks of extreme fear. He initially thought he was having a heart attack. Now he is afraid he will have another attack when he is in an important meeting, driving a car, or in a social situation. c. Terri is terrified of spiders. When she thought she saw a tiny spider in the car, she let go of the steering wheel, and her friend in the passenger seat had to help guide the car to the side of the road before Terri jumped out. d. Martin has not left the house since he had a panic attack in an elevator. The thought of being trapped somewhere is overwhelming, and he feels safest in his home.
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d
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According to the psychologist Aaron Beck, negative thinking may contribute to depression. Specifically, people with major depressive disorder may think negatively about themselves, their situations, and a. their friends b. their futures c. their psychologists d. their families
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b
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An ardent advocate of the family systems model would argue that eating disorders are more common among females than males for which of the following reasons? a. Cultural norms pressure females to be thin. Males do not face the same level of pressure to be thin. b. Because of higher estrogen levels, females biologically have a greater percentage of body fat. c. While both females and males think a lot about body image, females think about it much more, and these thoughts more often become obsessive for females than for males. d. When females feel unhappy at home or feel pressure from parents to excel, they are more likely to internalize those feelings, leading them to manifest as eating disorders or other internal disorders. In contrast, males are more likely to lash out in anger or act out. For both sexes, the root cause is family dynamics.
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d
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Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders are grouped together in the DSM-5 because they share this set of characteristics. a. dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior b. odd or eccentric behavior c. anxious or fearful behavior d. confused and withdrawn behavior
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c
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Based on current research, which of the following best summarizes the biological bases of autism? a. gene mutations, heredity, and the mercury used to preserve vaccinations b. irregular brain development, gene mutations, and comorbidity with schizophrenia c. gene mutations, heredity, irregular brain development, and exposure to abnormal antibodies d. irregular brain development, comorbidity with schizophrenia, mercury present in vaccinations, and lack of neural development caused by deprivation during infancy
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c
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Connor has schizophrenia and experiences perceptual disturbances that have no actual source. For example, Connor sometimes hears voices mocking him. What type of symptom is he experiencing? a. a negative symptom b. delusions of persecution c. delusions of identity d. hallucinations
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d
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Even though bipolar II patients primarily exhibit symptoms of depression, treating them solely with SSRIs often causes mania. Given what you know about the differences between psychological disorders, why might this be the case? a. Bipolar disorders and depressive disorders are in different categories of psychopathology because they have different etiologies, including different biological bases, and therefore require different treatments. b. Bipolar disorders have a higher genetic correlation than do depressive disorders and therefore require different treatment. c. Depressive disorders are usually caused by dysfunctional dynamics within the family and therefore require different treatment. You Answered d. Depressive disorders are cognitive disorders, involving repetitive negative thoughts or poor self-image. Bipolar disorders are mood disorders. Mood or emotional disorders are not treated with SSRIs.
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a
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How are psychological disorders classified? a. symptoms only b. degree of maladaptiveness c. condition origins (e.g., cognitive, emotional, hallucinogenic) d. symptoms as well as what triggered or led to the development of the disorder
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d
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How does dissociative amnesia differ from dissociative fugue? a. Patients with dissociative amnesia forget everything that occurred during a certain time frame. Patients with dissociative fugue forget specific events, but said events are from different time periods. b. Patients with dissociative amnesia forget their identities, including their names, and even travel to another place. Patients with dissociative fugue either forget everything that occurred during a certain time frame or forget specific events. c. Patients with dissociative amnesia either forget everything that occurred during a certain time frame or forget specific events. Patients with dissociative fugue forget their identities, including their names, and even travel to another place. d. Dissociative amnesia is permanent; dissociative fugue is temporary.
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c
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Jane was recently released from jail for forging checks. Instead of looking for a job or place to live, she manipulates the men that she meets into giving her money and a place to stay for the night. Often she will steal from these men when they are asleep. Jane most likely has a(n) __________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. narcissistic c. histrionic d. antisocial
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d
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Joe has been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. This means that Joe is most likely to a. depend on his girlfriend to make all of his decisions. b. charm people into trusting him so that he can swindle them for money. c. feel that he is so important that he deserves special treatment at work. d. distrust new people he meets and assume they want to hurt him.
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c
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Jordan and his girlfriend had a bad breakup, but that was six months ago, and Jordan is still unable to pay attention in class. He has also stopped attending parties and often appears to have been crying. Which disorder might he have? a. an adjustment disorder b. an anxiety disorder c. a depressive disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
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a
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Marni has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Which of the following is an example of a compulsion that Marni might have? a. repeatedly washing her hands b. intensely fearing germs c. intrusively thinking about disturbing mental images d. experiencing constant worry about accidents
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a
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People with this personality disorder, like serial killer Ted Bundy, may not become anxious when subjected to aversive stimuli. a. borderline personality disorder b. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder c. narcissistic personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder
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d
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Researchers found that adults who had been diagnosed with this disorder during childhood had reduced metabolism in brain regions involved in the self-regulation of motor functions and attention. a. autism spectrum disorder b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. motor disorders d. specific learning disorder
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b
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Sandra is currently struggling with an anxiety disorder. According to the diathesis-stress model, which of these could reasonably be Sandra's diathesis? a. She is currently going through a divorce. b. She experienced a traumatic accident as a child. c. She is struggling to pay her bills each month. d. She is being bullied by a coworker.
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b
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Stephanie struggles with false beliefs that she is under constant government surveillance. Which type of delusion is she experiencing? a. grandiose b. persecution c. identity d. control
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b
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The current version of the DSM uses this term to describe a group of disorders that are most common among children. a. neurodevelopmental disorders b. dissociative disorders c. mood disorders d. communication disorders
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a
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The diagnostic criteria for all of the major disorder categories require which of these to be true? a. The thought, feeling, or behavior must deviate from cultural norms for what is acceptable. b. The thought, feeling, or behavior must cause discomfort and concern to others. c. The thought, feeling, or behavior must cause distress to the individual. d. The thought, feeling, or behavior must interfere with at least one aspect of the person's life.
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d
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This disorder, which literally means "splitting of the mind," affects less than 1 percent of the population; those affected have trouble distinguishing whether their thoughts, perceptions, and experiences are real or imagined. a. autism spectrum disorder b. dissociative amnesia c. schizophrenia d. borderline personality disorder
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c
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Which of these symptoms is a young child with autism least likely to demonstrate? a. smelling and tasting each of his toys repeatedly b. vocalizing, but not usually because he wants to communicate c. pinching himself repeatedly, which leaves bruises on his arms and legs d. disrupting others by being overly talkative
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d
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Rational-emotive therapy, a kind of cognitive therapy developed by Albert Elis in 1962, involves ______. a. the client acting as a teacher, explaining to the therapist more adaptive ways to think and behave b. the therapist acting as a teacher, helping the client learn more adaptive ways to think and behave c. biological interventions d. rationalizing one's emotions using facts
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b
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Patterns of negative actions by clients' family members, like hostility directed towards the client and emotional over-involvement, are examples of _____ during family therapy. a. cognitive restructuring b. expressed emotion c. negative symptoms d. positive symtoms
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b
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Jeremy has been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). As part of his treatment, Jeremy has been prescribed medication that interacts with neurotransmitter in the synapse. Specifically, the drug prevents certain neurotransmitter from leaving the synpase once it's entered the synapse, thereby increasing that neurotransmitter's effectiveness. Based on your textbook, Jeremy is most likely using ________. a. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) b. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors c. Neuroleptics d. Tranquilizers
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a
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Samantha has been living with Parkinson's disease. Currently, she's undergoing alternative biological treatments to alleviate symptoms. Specially, Samantha has an electrical generator placed under the skin that delivers electrical stimulation to specific brain regions. This is an example of __________. a. transcranial magnetic stimulation b. deep brain stimulation c. electroconvulsive therapy d. anti-parkinson's medication
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b
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Which of the following procedures is necessary when evaluating the effectiveness of psychological treatments, such as a new drug? a. having funding from large pharmaceutical companies. b. testing therapies on cadaver. c. not having placebo-groups (i.e., control group). d. comparing treatment-groups with placebo-groups (i.e., control groups).
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d
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Susan struggles with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) from year-to-year? To alleviate the symptoms, she sits in bright lighting for several hours each day. According to your textbook, this is an example of ___________. a. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. dialectical behavior therapy c. electro-light therapy d. phototherapy
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d
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Why are personality disorders difficult to treat? a. Those with personality disorders often believe that their actions don't cause their problems. b. Those with personality disorders believe they are fundamentally flawed individuals- unworthy of help. c. All of the above are correct. d. Personality disorders cannot be treated.
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a
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Which of the following statements may be an argument against the use of Ritalin or other stimulants in the treatment of ADHD? a. Behavior therapy may be more effective than stimulants for long-term treatment of ADHD symptoms. b. There is high abuse potential for Ritalin and other stimulants. c. both A and B are correct. d. neither A nor B are correct.
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c
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Which controversial therapy has been found to be quite effective when treating depression in patients who don't respond to other, more acceptable treatments? a. Phototherapy b. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) c. Tricyclics d. all of the above are correct
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b
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are useful in the treatment of which two of the following mental disorders? a. Anti-social personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. c. Depression and schizophrenia. d. Depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
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d
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A therapist has appointments with four patients who have different psychological disorders. Which patient is most likely to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? a. Luka, who has a severe case of anxiety and a history of panic attacks b. Megan, who has histrionic personality disorder c. Brittany, who has schizophrenia and whose hallucinations are well controlled with medication d. Zack, who has had severe depression for many years and has had limited success with drug treatments
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d
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After World War II, a lack of psychotherapists resulted in the emergence of what type of therapy, which offers cost benefits and is available to more people? a. psychodynamic therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. humanistic therapy d. group therapy
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d
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Benton hears voices when no one is present. His psychiatrist prescribes an antipsychotic, which is a type of ________ that works by __________. a. biological therapy; producing a seizure b. psychotropic medication; changing brain neurochemistry c. alternative therapy; changing brain neurochemistry d. psychological therapy; restructuring delusional thinking
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b
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Cassie is seeing Dr. Bullock, a therapist who is helping her reduce her tendency to procrastinate by developing a system of rewards and punishments associated with her behavior. Dr. Bullock most likely is a proponent of which kind of psychotherapy? a. behavior therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. humanistic therapy d. group therapy
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a
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Dr. Janus is treating a patient who has been diagnosed with APD. Which of the following treatments would likely be most effective? a. exploring the patient's past trauma and unconscious conflicts b. using operant procedures to replace extreme and dysfunctional behaviors with more appropriate ones c. focusing on developing the patient's self-respect and independence d. stabilizing her patient's moods with lithium
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b
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Erin has struggled with severe depression her entire life. She regularly sees a cognitive-behavioral therapist and is taking an SSRI; however, she has shown little improvement and frequently has thoughts of suicide. Her psychiatrist recently learned about a newer treatment and recommends it for Erin. This treatment is a. ECT b. SAD c. DBS d. phototherapy
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c
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Kayla's therapist first taught her mindfulness meditation so she could focus on the present. Then, Kayla and her therapist talked about events in Kayla's past that led to her current problems. Now her therapist is teaching her to have self-respect and to think for herself. Kayla is probably being treated for a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. depression. d. OCD.
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b
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Lisa has been researching treatment options for her son who has autism. She finds out about a new medication that is still being tested. The medication has been shown to improve people's ability to detect others' emotions, increase social skills such as making eye contact, and even increase feelings of trust. The medication probably acts on the neurotransmitter a. serotonin b. dopamine c. oxytocin d. norepinephrine
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c
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Recall from Chapter 14 that bipolar II patients primarily show depressive symptoms with periods of elevated mood. Given what you have read about treatments for bipolar disorder in this chapter, why are bipolar II patients not treated solely with antidepressants, even though their main symptom is depression? a. Bipolar disorders are a type of psychotic disorder. Administering antidepressants to patients with psychotic disorders worsens their symptoms. b. Antidepressants have no effect on bipolar II patients because serotonin plays no role in bipolar disorder. c. Antidepressants can cause hallucinations in bipolar II patients. d. While the physiology of bipolar disorder is not well understood, it differs from that of depressive disorders. Administering only antidepressants to patients with bipolar II can cause mania.
answer
d
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Ten-year-old Isaac suffers from ADHD. In terms of treatment options, which of the following will have the best outcome in the long term? a. Ritalin b. antipsychotic medication c. DBT d. behavior therapy
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d
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The goal of CBT in treating panic disorder is to a. replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts. b. break the connection between the trigger symptom and the resulting panic. c. treat the disorder at its biological source. d. boost self-esteem so the client may realize his or her human potential.
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b
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The most successful approach to treating borderline personality disorder is a. dialectical behavior therapy. b. cognitive therapy. c. mood-stabilizing medication. d. ECT.
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a
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These four patients have been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Which patient is most likely to show improvement? a. Brandon, who lives in a correctional institution and attends therapy sessions with other patients b. Andre, who lives in a correctional institution and meets one-on-one with a therapist c. Taylor, who lives at home and attends therapy sessions with other patients d. Chuck, who lives at home and meets one-on-one with a therapist
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a
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Three-year-old Emily spends every day with a therapist. Her therapist helps her learn language and social skills by reinforcing positive behaviors. Emily's therapist is using which type of therapy to treat which condition? a. applied behavioral analysis; autism b. applied behavioral analysis; ADHD c. dialectical behavior therapy; autism d. dialectical behavior therapy; ADHD
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a
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To help Charlie overcome his phobia of heights, his therapist trains him to relax and then has him imagine climbing a ladder. After Charlie visualizes climbing a ladder without anxiety, he attempts to imagine standing at the top of a tall building without feeling anxious. Charlie's therapist is using a technique known as a. systematic desensitization. b. phototherapy. c. client-centered therapy. d. a systems approach.
answer
a
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What is the difference between MAOIs and SSRIs? a. SSRIs prevent presynaptic neurons from reabsorbing serotonin so that more serotonin reaches the postsynaptic neuron. MAOIs reduce the amount of serotonin that breaks down in the synapse. b. MAOIs prevent presynaptic neurons from reabsorbing serotonin so that more serotonin reaches the postsynaptic neuron. SSRIs reduce the amount of serotonin that breaks down in the synapse. c. SSRIs are used to treat depression. MAOIs are used to treat anxiety disorders. d. MAOIs are used to treat depression. SSRIs are used to treat anxiety disorders.
answer
a
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Which of the following factors make it difficult for patients with antisocial personality disorder (APD) to develop a therapeutic relationship with their psychologists? a. diminished cortical arousal and a very negative view of self b. intense unstable moods and low self-esteem c. an extremely positive view of self and little concern for others' feelings d. hallucinations and delusions
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c
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Which of the following is likely to be most effective for treating OCD over the long term? a. antidepressants b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. psychosurgery d. group therapy
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b
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Which of the following statements is not true about adolescents taking SSRIs? a. Overall, suicide rates decrease when adolescents take SSRIs. b. The medication has no risks or side effects. c. The number of suicides among adolescents taking SSRIs is very low. d. Adolescents show the greatest benefit from a combination of therapy and medication.
answer
b
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Why are cognitive and behavioral treatments preferred to drugs for anxiety disorders? a. SSRIs and anti-anxiety medications reduce the anxiety but can lead to thoughts of suicide in anxiety patients. b. Cognitive and behavioral treatments offer a long-term solution, whereas anti-anxiety drugs are only a short-term solution. c. Unlike most other psychological disorders, we understand little about the physiology of anxiety and therefore lack effective medications for anxiety. d. SSRIs used to treat anxiety can be addictive.
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b
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Dr. Crimson is treating a patient with borderline personality disorder. With which of the following treatment approaches is she more likely to experience success? a. psychoanalysis b. client-centered therapy c. psychotropic medication d. dialectical behavior therapy
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d
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Drugs that act by changing brain neurochemistry are known as what type of medications? a. psychiatric b. psychotropic c. biological d. transcranial
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b
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Elaine has not been able to find an effective treatment for her extreme obsessive-compulsive disorder—exposure and response prevention does not work. If you were her therapist, which of the following new treatment methods would you recommend that she try? a. CBT b. ECT c. deep brain stimulation d. systematic desensitization
answer
c
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Geraldine is seeing Dr. Jarrod, a therapist, who encourages her to say whatever is on her mind. By doing this, Dr. Jarrod hopes that Geraldine will gain insight into the origin of her problems. Dr. Jarrod is most likely a proponent of __________ psychotherapy. a. client-centered b. cognitive c. cognitive-behavioral d. psychodynamic
answer
d
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Geraldine suffers from panic disorder. Each time she has a panic attack, she fears she will die. She is seeing Dr. Jarrod, a cognitive-behavioral therapist. Dr. Jarrod will most likely attempt to a. identify Geraldine's fears of dying as maladaptive and train her in a relaxation technique. b. change Geraldine's brain neurochemistry by giving her an anti-anxiety drug. c. resolve Geraldine's unconscious conflicts through dream analysis. d. help Geraldine fulfill her potential for personal growth by gaining a deeper understanding of the cause of her fear of death.
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a
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In discussing a treatment plan for Patrick's depression, Patrick's psychologist explains that he believes the main problem lies in the way Patrick is thinking. He also says the therapy they will use will focus on identifying and altering Patrick's negative thoughts. This treatment is called a. psychoanalysis b. client-centered therapy c. ECT d. CBT
answer
d
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Nicole is seeing Dr. Hardy, a therapist who practices active listening and strives to accept Nicole through unconditional positive regard. Dr. Hardy most likely is a proponent of which type of psychotherapy? a. behavioral b. psychodynamic c. cognitive d. humanistic
answer
d
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Sixteen-year-old Ellie has been diagnosed with depression. Her psychiatrist is reluctant to treat her with an antidepressant because a. it may lead to increased thoughts of suicide. b. antidepressants have been shown to be largely ineffective in adolescents. c. it may be embarrassing for Ellie if her peers discover she is taking medication. d. it will be difficult for Ellie to take them as prescribed.
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a
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Taking traditional antipsychotic drugs can lead to a side effect characterized by involuntary spastic movements. What is this side effect called? a. blunting of affect b. lethargy c. tardive dyskinesia d. negative symptoms
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c
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Ulf is a child with autism disorder who is receiving intensive 40-hour-per-week therapy called __________. Although effective, this therapeutic approach does have some drawbacks that include __________. a. psychoanalysis; the lack of properly trained therapists b. CBT; the amount of time required c. operant procedures; its high cost d. applied behavioral analysis; other children in the family coming to feel neglected or jealous
answer
d
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Among the following, which is not one of the five categories of psychotropic medications? a. anti-anxiety drugs b. antidepressants c. antipsychotics d. tranquillizers
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d
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Casey, Marcy, and Cindy are 15-year-old girls who have all been diagnosed with depression. Casey is prescribed an SSRI, Marcy receives psychotherapy, and Cindy receives both SSRI treatment and psychotherapy. Which girl do you think will show the most improvement? a. Casey b. Marcy c. Cindy d. The three girls will show about the same levels of improvement.
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c
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During his therapy, Josef is expected to free-associate and to discuss his dreams. Josef is most probably seeing a therapist who specializes in a. cognitive therapy. b. psychodynamic therapy. c. behavior therapy. d. humanistic therapy.
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b
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Emma has intense moods and unstable relationships, and she is chronically self-destructive. Once Emma is diagnosed with __________, her therapist decides to use __________, because conventional therapeutic approaches have been shown to be largely ineffective for this condition. a. borderline personality disorder; DBT b. borderline personality disorder; DBS c. antisocial personality disorder; CBT d. antisocial personality disorder; DBT
answer
a
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Formal psychological treatment aimed at changing thoughts and behavior is known as a. cognitive therapy. b. psychodynamic therapy. c. psychoanalysis. d. psychotherapy.
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d
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Gerald is a psychologist who intends to use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in helping Tad deal with depression. An important first step in using this approach would be for Gerald to a. help Tad identify the unconscious conflicts causing his depression. b. help Tad identify the negative thoughts associated with his depression. c. help Tad improve his self-esteem. d. prescribe Tad an antidepressant.
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b
question
Joey is trying to find an effective treatment for his obsessive-compulsive disorder. If you were his therapist, which of the following methods would you recommend as likely to be most effective? a. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. antidepressant medication c. deep brain stimulation (DBS) d. exposure and response prevention
answer
d
question
Lena suffers from panic disorder. One of her greatest fears is that she will faint during a panic attack. Her therapist decides to use cognitive restructuring to help reduce her fear of fainting. To be effective, the therapist would need to help her a. determine the percentage of times she actually faints during panic attacks. b. determine specific actions she can take to avoid fainting. c. explore the unconscious forces that may underlie her fear. d. identify the biological basis of her fear.
answer
a
question
Treatment plans for children with autism involve a therapeutic approach based on the principles of operant conditioning. What is this approach called? a. applied behavioral analysis b. DBT c. cognitive restructuring d. ECT
answer
a
question
The ________________ is an important brain regions for thinking about what other group members are thinking, be they ingroup or outgroup members. a. parietal cortex b. cerbellum c. hippocampus d. medial prefrontal cortex
answer
d
question
Which of these is true about stereotypes? a. Using sterotypes can be beneficial because they capture the extremely low variability within various groups of people. b. In general, sterotypes are negative, and reflect poor cognitive processes. c. In general, using stereotypes is useless becuase they always lead to prejudice. d. In general, stereotypes are processes by which we make inferences about individuals based on their category of membership (e.g., gender, race, age, profession, etc.).
answer
d
question
Why do we form groups? a. fundamental need to "belong" b. to create social identities for ourselves and others. c. enhanced capacity to obtain resources, like food, water, etc. d. all of the above
answer
d
question
When we make an inference about the cause of someone's behavior, and decide that the behavior is due to temporary circumstances (e.g., weather, luck, accidents, etc.), this is known as a. a covariational attribution b. a dispositional attribution c. a stereotype attribution d. a situational attribution
answer
d
question
Correspondence bias most likely occurs because: a. we tend to overemphasize the importance of personalities, and underestimate the importance of importance of situations. b. persuassive messages can lead to attitude changes. c. we tend to underemphasize the importance of personalities, and overestimate the importance of importance of situations. d. we tend to consider facial expressions, gestures and manerisms.
answer
a
question
A classmate tells you that you've been spending much less time in the library than everyone else in your group, so you start spending much more time there. From a social psychology perspective, your change in behavior is most likely due to: a. normative influence b. informational influence c. obedience d. persuasion
answer
a
question
Lucy hates Debbie. On her birthday, Lucy receives a nice necklace from Debbie. Lucy's feeling annoyed because she hates Debbie, and yet, Debbie did something nice for her. According to Festinger, Lucy is likely experiencing __________. a. normative influence b. cognitive dissonance c. informational influence d. frustration-agression hypothesis
answer
b
question
Which of these is NOT a factor for attraction? a. similar interests b. favorable personality traits c. proximity d. normative influence
answer
d
question
A driver is late for their meeting. While driving, they see someone on the sidewalk, standing over their spouse, shaking their fists violently, while the spouse looks up with fear. There are several people around, and the driver drives away. From a social psychology perspective, this in an example of __________. a. bystander apathy b. alturisum c. using sterotypes d. prosocial behaviors
answer
a
question
According to _________, persuasion is more effective when the message requires consideration and deep cognitive processing, rather than simply relying on an attractive spokesperson and emotional pleas. a. the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype b. normative influence c. the cognitive dissonance theory d. the elaboration likelihood model
answer
d
question
Your friend, Della, helps you complete your math homework each week. In exchange, you help Della with her english homework every week. These interactions could be considered an example of ________. a. reciprocal alturism b. diffusion of responsibility c. alturistic fitness d. selectivity
answer
a
question
Your textbook makes reference Muzaafar Sherif. According to Sherif's research on cooperation, ____________. a. children in jigsaw classrooms don't learn to like each other more b. among friends, competition and/or isolation creates enemies, and among strangers, cooperation can create friends c. among strangers, competition and/or isolation creates enemies and among enemies, cooperation can create friends d. people from attitudes through experience and socialization
answer
c
question
Sometimes, large groups can be seen looting and rioting. Which of these concepts best explains why this happens? a. cooperation b. systematic persuasion c. alturism d. deindividuation
answer
d
question
According to research on aggression, which of thee situational factors is commonly associated with aggressive behaviors? a. pain and heat b. rejection and social ostracism c. gender, culture, and geographic location d. all of the above are associated with aggressive behaviors
answer
d
question
According to your textbook, during the obedience experiments by Stanley Milgram, approximately how many participants obeyed the experiment's orders and continued with the experiment? a. almost 9/10 b. almost 2/3 c. almost 1/3 d. almost 5/10
answer
b
question
The MAOA gene regulates the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, and _________. a. is associated with serotonin levels, norepinephrine levels, and aggression. b. is implicated in "passionate love" c. is associated with dopamine levels, GABA levels, and reward and/or movement d. is implicated in "compassionate love"
answer
a
question
Darius has volunteered to work 2 hours a week as a tutor. He tells the volunteer coordinator that he cannot do more. Gradually, he agrees to add an extra hour here and there, until finally he is tutoring 12 hours a week. Darius has gotten into this situation through the compliance effect known as the: a. gradual acquiescence strategy b. foot-in-the-door effect c. door-in-the-face effect d. reciprocity strategy
answer
b
question
Humans evolved a need for groups, because group membership offered each of the following evolutionarily advantages EXCEPT: a. competition for limited resources b. cooperation in hunting and gathering food c. security from predators d. access to reproductive partners
answer
a
question
In line with the "social brain hypothesis" which of the following animals would have the largest prefrontal cortex? a. ravens, and other flocking birds b. rats, and other rodents c. rabbits, and other small mammals d. orangutans, and other primates
answer
d
question
Based on the work of Tajfel and Turner (1978), we know that for groups to show ingroup favoritism, they: a. must be based on meaningful criteria b. should include members that are genetically similar c. must not include people who are high in prejudice d. can be arbitrarily established based on meaningless criteria
answer
d
