Question 1

The intelligence test scores of the five members of the Duluth family are 100, 82, 104, 96, and 118. For this distribution of scores, the range is

Accepted Answer

36

Question 2

During the season, four members of the Salem baseball team made 4, 2, 6, and 4 home runs, respectively. For this distribution of home runs, the standard deviation is equal to the square root of

Accepted Answer

2

Question 3

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve

Accepted Answer

manipulating the factors of interest

Question 4

To describe the behavior of animals in their native habitats, researchers are most likely to make use of

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation

Question 5

Thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates, Glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psychology test. Glenda\'s experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

overconfidence

Question 6

In a random sequence of coin tosses, series of successive heads occur ________ often than people expect and series of tails occur ________ often than people expect.

Accepted Answer

more; more

Question 7

If someone were to flip a coin six times, which of the following sequences of heads (H) and tails (T) would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

all of the sequences would be equally likely

Question 8

A correlation between levels of impulsiveness and annual income of -0.75 would indicate that

Accepted Answer

higher levels of annual income are associated with lower levels of impulsiveness.

Question 9

The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the

Accepted Answer

mean

Question 10

Psychologists report that genders differ in their risk of

Accepted Answer

all these problems

Question 11

The mode of a distribution of scores is the

Accepted Answer

most frequently occurring score

Question 12

Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent, a news headline announced: \"Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts.\" The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of

Accepted Answer

confusing association with causation

Question 13

If those with low self-esteem are also particularly likely to suffer from depression, this would not necessarily indicate that low self-esteem triggers negative emotions because

Accepted Answer

association does not prove causation

Question 14

Random assignment is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Accepted Answer

experimental

Question 15

For which of the following distributions of scores would the median most clearly be a more appropriate measure of central tendency than the mean?

Accepted Answer

6, 18, 4, 5, 2

Question 16

According to Emily\'s grandfather, Adolf Hitler\'s obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather\'s claim best illustrates

Accepted Answer

hindsight bias

Question 17

In an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug for treating diabetes, research participants who receive a placebo have been assigned to the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

control

Question 18

In an experimental study of the extent to which sexual arousal is stimulated by laughter, sexual arousal would be the

Accepted Answer

dependent variable

Question 19

If psychologists discovered that people who live at the poverty level have more aggressive children than wealthy people, this would clearly indicate that

Accepted Answer

people\'s economic status and the aggressiveness of their children are negatively correlated.

Question 20

To minimize the extent to which placebo effects contribute to outcome differences between experimental and control groups in a drug-treatment study, researchers are likely to make use of

Accepted Answer

the double-blind procedure

Question 21

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, you should

Accepted Answer

conduct a test of statistical significance

Question 22

A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the

Accepted Answer

extent to which two factors vary together

Question 23

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women\'s health is by means of

Accepted Answer

experiments

Question 24

The mode, median, and mean are measures of

Accepted Answer

central tendency

Question 25

The survey is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

a representative, random sample of individuals are questioned regarding their attitudes or behaviors.

Question 26

Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________.

Accepted Answer

surveys; experiments

Question 27

Measures of central tendency are most useful for

Accepted Answer

summarizing data

Question 28

Critical thinkers can best be described as

Accepted Answer

questioning

Question 29

To minimize any differences between participants who are in the control and experimental groups, psychologists make use of

Accepted Answer

random assignment

Question 30

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular effect is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

experiment

Question 31

Faustin, a member of his school\'s golf team, has an opportunity to play against a nationally acclaimed professional golfer. How many holes of golf should Faustin choose to play with the professional in order to maximize his own slim chances of winning?

Accepted Answer

9

Question 32

Which of the following research methods would most effectively demonstrate that watching TV violence causes children to act aggressively?

Accepted Answer

experiment

Question 33

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Accepted Answer

the descriptive method

Question 34

The double-blind procedure is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Accepted Answer

experimental

Question 35

In a test of the effects of cigarette smoking on physical health and development, groups of monkeys were raised in either a smoke-free or smoke-infested environment. Monkeys in the smoke-infested environment were assigned to the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

experimental

Question 36

Which of the following provides a rough indication of the degree of variation among a set of scores?

Accepted Answer

range

Question 37

During the past month, Henri and Sylvia each ate 10 candy bars, while Jerry ate 8, Tricia ate 6, and Tahli ate only 1. The mean number of candy bars eaten by these individuals was

Accepted Answer

7

Question 38

Jean Piaget developed his ideas about children\'s thinking after carefully observing and questioning only a few children. Which research method did he use?

Accepted Answer

the case study

Question 39

The mode, median, and mean are most likely to have different values when they

Accepted Answer

describe a skewed distribution

Question 40

Replication involves

Accepted Answer

repeating an earlier research study

Question 41

As students prepare for a test, they often believe that they understand the course material better than they actually do. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

overconfidence

Question 42

Which of the following correlations expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

-0.67

Question 43

Incorrectly interpreting a correlation between two factors as evidence of causation is best avoided by making use of

Accepted Answer

experiments

Question 44

The transmission of political practices and religious customs from one generation to the next best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

culture

Question 45

Distinguishing between an experimental group and a control group is most relevant to specifying the nature of

Accepted Answer

independent variables

Question 46

The average scores of two samples taken from the same population are most likely to differ if

Accepted Answer

the samples are both small

Question 47

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?

Accepted Answer

random sampling

Question 48

A random sample of a large group of people is one in which

Accepted Answer

every person in the large group has an equal chance of being included in the sample.

Question 49

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge psychological investigators to

Accepted Answer

ensure that research participants give informed consent before participating in the research.

Question 50

If half the students at Quincy University have blue eyes, which of the following events is most probable?

Accepted Answer

In a class consisting of 15 students, 80% or more have blue eyes.

Question 51

A correlation coefficient can range in value from

Accepted Answer

-1 to +1

Question 52

When provided with the unscrambled solutions to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

overconfidence

Question 53

Approximately 68 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s) from the mean.

Accepted Answer

1

Question 54

Researchers observe random samples because they are likely to be

Accepted Answer

representative

Question 55

Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children ages 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is

Accepted Answer

7

Question 56

Dr. Donelian wants to reduce his students\' perceptions that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to

Accepted Answer

predict the outcomes of experiments before they are told the actual results.

Question 57

Two students in an art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members\' ages is most affected by the ages of these two students?

Accepted Answer

range

Question 58

To better understand how brain malfunctions influence behavior, Dr. Mosher extensively and carefully observes and questions two stroke victims. Which research method is Dr. Mosher using?

Accepted Answer

the case study

Question 59

The whole group from which samples may be drawn is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

population

Question 60

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that level of education and income are

Accepted Answer

positively correlated

Question 61

A psychologist notes that we are especially attracted to people whose traits are different from our own. This statement would seem unsurprising to students because

Accepted Answer

students, like everyone else, have a tendency to exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries.

Question 62

Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of

Accepted Answer

the double-blind procedure

Question 63

The personal values of psychologists are likely to influence their choice of

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 64

A scatterplot graphically depicts the

Accepted Answer

degree of relationship between 2 variables

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