PSY – Psychology of a Developing Person – Chap 七 (Middle Childhood: Body and Mind) – Flashcards

Approximately 1 in _______ children in the United States is home schooled. Select one: a. 10 b. 25 c. 35 d. 55

Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight? Select one: a. 25 b. 50 c. 100 d. 200

Which learning disability is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading? Select one: a. dyslexia b. ADHD c. autism d. bipolar disorder

In most nations other than the United States _____ make(s) decisions regarding public education. Select one: a. the central government b. parents c. local jurisdictions d. religious institutions

Achievement tests are designed to measure one's: Select one: a. knowledge about a subject. b. potential for accomplishment. c. capacity for divergent thinking. d. verbal abilities.

Evaluating a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish and monitor one's performance is called: Select one: a. automatization. b. decentration. c. metacognition. d. social standards.

Which problem is often seen in obese children? Select one: a. low blood pressure b. increased psychopathology c. high levels of cholesterol d. increased chance of becoming a bully

Seamus is very talented at drawing and obsessive about details when drawing pictures. His speech is close to normal, but he tends to shy away from other children and is awkward when trying to relate to others. Which diagnosis would BEST fit Seamus's behavior? Select one: a. compulsive disorder b. autism spectrum disorder c. dyslexia d. ADHD

When comparing the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, one notices that children: Select one: a. grow more slowly than they did in early childhood. b. grow faster than they did in early childhood. c. grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12. d. have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years.

Better ventilation in schools and homes, less pollution, fewer antibiotics, and better medical diagnosis would be considered: Select one: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. quaternary prevention d. tertiary prevention

A document for children with special needs that specifies their educational goals is known as a( n): Select one: a. IEP. b. IFSP. c. LRE. d. RTI.

By the end of middle childhood, the capacity of long-term memory is: Select one: a. limited to facts and knowledge gained through repetition. b. limited to highly emotional experiences and objective information. c. unlimited regarding information but limited about emotional experiences. d. extremely large.

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli and exclude others. This ability is known as: Select one: a. automatization. b. decentration. c. transduction. d. selective attention.

When TIMSS experts recorded math teachers in the U.S., Germany, and Japan, what did they find? Select one: a. U.S. teachers presented material at a higher level than their German and Japanese counterparts. b. Japanese teachers were excited about math instruction and developed collaborative and individual assignments that engaged students on multiple levels. c. Germany students were most engaged in math lessons when learning terms and definitions. d. There is really only one way to teach math, regardless of culture, so little variation was noted.

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function. Select one: a. animals' brains b. high-level businesses c. computers d. athletic teams

Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom uses: Select one: a. immersion. b. heritage language education. c. bilingual schooling. d. mainstreaming.

Borrelli et al. (2010) conducted an intervention study that focused on 100 caregivers of children with asthma. The caregivers smoked and did not necessarily want to quit. Over the course of the study the caregivers were shown the amount of smoke the children were being exposed to and counseled on different approaches to quitting smoking. After three months, the results of the study revealed that _____ of the caregivers had quit smoking and the children's asthma attacks were _____ frequent. Select one: a. ¼; less b. ¼; more c. ½; less d. ½; more

Jefferson High School has a student council to guarantee student representation in school affairs. Jakob, a senior, has learned that the administration of this high school wants obedience. Obedience at Jakob's school is an example of a hidden: Select one: a. agenda. b. curriculum. c. value. d. assumption.

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school, which are the unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school, are called the: Select one: a. territorial imperative. b. whole language theory. c. socioeconomic divide. d. hidden curriculum.

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as ______ is to ______. Select one: a. long; short b. intelligence; creativity c. knowledge; potential d. fruit; apple

Children between the ages of 6 to 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as: Select one: a. infancy. b. early childhood. c. middle childhood. d. adolescence.

Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails are examples of: Select one: a. metaphors. b. similes. c. grammar. d. informal code.

The practice of providing special educational opportunities to children with special needs or those who are academically gifted: Select one: a. occurs in every country. b. occurs in every country, but not until high school. c. occurs only in the wealthiest countries. d. is not considered appropriate by every country.

Children can focus without becoming distracted, persist at tasks, and exhibit quick, efficient memory due the development of: Select one: a. preoperational thought. b. reciprocity. c. the limbic system. d. control processes.

In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland's educational reform is false? Select one: a. Students are given a series of high-stakes tests at each level. b. Only the top 3 percent of high school students gain admittance to teachers' colleges. c. School buildings are designed to foster collaboration. d. Teachers are encouraged to work collaboratively. Check

Ten-year-old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that do not seem to be influenced by life circumstances. At times he has told his parents that his teachers are idiots and he is smarter than all of them, and at other times he has so little energy he cannot get out of bed. Wilson may be diagnosed with: Select one: a. autism spectrum disorder. b. bipolar disorder. c. childhood schizophrenia. d. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

In one study (Crosnoe et al., 2010) of reading and math ability in third- and fifth-grade children, it was found that high-scoring children usually had three sources of cognitive stimulation. Which was NOT a source of cognitive stimulation? Select one: a. having parents who read to preschool children daily b. attending a preschool program c. having a first grade teacher who emphasized literacy d. learning from media sources about reading and math

Which child is less likely to receive high-quality medical care for asthma? A child whose parents: Select one: a. have private insurance that covers preventative medical treatments. b. are classified as middle-income SES. c. qualify for public insurance such as Medicaid. d. work in jobs that provide personal days so that the child can be taken to the doctor.

A federally sponsored test in the United States is the: Select one: a. TIMSS. b. NAEP. c. NCLB. d. PIRLS.

The approach to teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the _____ approach. Select one: a. bilingual schooling b. immersion c. heritage language d. additive bilingual

When capable of concrete operational thought, children: Select one: a. are limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing. b. can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations. c. can reason about abstractions. d. are likely to be misled by appearances.

Metacognition is: Select one: a. the process of putting information into long-term memory. b. the process of recalling information. c. thinking about thinking. d. the ability to process multiple stimuli.

Traditionally in the United States, most private schools were operated by: Select one: a. the central government. b. independent educators. c. Evangelical Christians. d. the Catholic Church.

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are _____ schools. Select one: a. voucher b. private c. religious d. charter

Approximately what percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school? Select one: a. 45 b. 60 c. 75 d. 95

Mary, age 10, has asthma. Her parents bought a HEPA filter for her bedroom. This represents which level of prevention? Select one: a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary

In 1975 the Education of All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that children with special needs must be educated in the: Select one: a. resource room. b. least restrictive environment. c. inclusion classroom. d. mainstreamed classroom.

Jennica experienced neglect as an infant while her mother suffered from severe depression and her father was addicted to painkillers. The outcome on Jennica's development could manifest itself in many different ways. This reflects the developmental principle of: Select one: a. psychopathology. b. comorbidity c. multifinality. d. equifinality.

Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's: Select one: a. potential for learning. b. achievement in a particular subject. c. capacity for divergent thinking. d. verbal abilities only.

Critics say that _____ weaken public schools, but advocates argue that they increase competition between public and private schools and lead to a better education for all. Select one: a. standardized tests b. vouchers c. parents d. Common Core standards

Due to earlier diagnosis and treatment, chronic health conditions, such as hearing impairments and anemia, are now _____ less frequent in middle childhood compared to two decades ago. Select one: a. 25 percent b. 50 percent c. 75 percent d. 90 percent

Which statement is true? Select one: a. School-age children are able to understand complex, abstract concepts. b. School-age children are as rigid in their thinking as preschoolers. c. School-age children are slightly more advanced thinkers than preschoolers. d. There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

In middle childhood, Piaget believed that children are in the period of _____ thought. Select one: a. formal operational b. preoperational c. metacognitive d. concrete operational

Howard Gardner proposed that: Select one: a. there are 12 distinct intelligences. b. everyone is equal in all types of intelligence. c. IQ tests are the best way to measure intelligence. d. musical ability is one type of intelligence.

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children? Select one: a. people no longer want to know their neighbors b. parental obesity c. the high incidence of juvenile diabetes d. a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields

Which teaching strategy has been found to be the most effective with gifted children? Select one: a. intense parental tutoring b. mainstreaming c. homeschooling d. teach all such children together

Tony came to walk with José to school. When José saw Tony's notebook in his backpack, José rushed back into his house to retrieve his own notebook, which contained his homework. José's sensation upon seeing Tony's notebook became a perception, which triggered José's: Select one: a. sensory memory. b. working memory. c. long-term memory. d. knowledge base.

With concrete operational thought, children can: Select one: a. think logically about visible, tangible things. b. think logically about abstract ideas. c. consistently make good decisions. d. solve most problems on their own.

Which of the following is a sign of autistic spectrum disorder? Select one: a. impaired social responses b. cooperative play c. low intelligence d. early proficiency in language

According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood? Select one: a. conservation b. abstract reasoning c. logic d. egocentrism

The time it takes for someone to respond to a particular stimulus is called _____ time. Select one: a. reaction b. response c. reflex d. relational

Children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability from their culture? Select one: a. observational learning b. fractions c. spatial orientation d. individual discovery

Children with any form of autism spectrum disorder have: Select one: a. difficulty speaking. b. a lack of eye contact. c. difficulty understanding others' speech. d. difficulty understanding emotions.

When Kitana wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, "Would you please repeat the question?" but when she needs a classmate to repeat himself, she says, "Huh?" This example shows that Kitana understands: Select one: a. the pragmatics of language. b. metaphors and similes. c. metacognitive processes. d. the control processes in speech.

Sonja is studying for an exam while her roommate is talking to her boyfriend on the phone. Sonja cannot concentrate on her books because she is unable to use: Select one: a. metacognition. b. divided attention. c. selective attention. d. common sense.

One problem with smaller school class sizes is that: Select one: a. politicians won't support them. b. they are too costly. c. the research supporting their advantages is mixed. d. evidence supporting their benefits is correlational.

The memory system in which signals are held for a split second is called _____ memory. Select one: a. short-term b. working c. sensory d. holding

An asthmatic child gets shots in the doctor's office during an asthma attack. This is a ______ level of prevention. Select one: a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary

When a symptom could have multiple causes, it is known as: Select one: a. psychopathology. b. comorbidity. c. multifinality. d. equifinality.

About 1 out of every 100 children in the United States have this developmental disorder. Select one: a. dyscalculia b. mental retardation c. autism spectrum disorder d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Mariangela has dyslexia. Mariangela is taught in the regular classroom, where she has her own reading tutor for part of the day. This is an example of: Select one: a. autism spectrum disorder. b. a resource room. c. inclusion. d. indoctrination.

Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has: Select one: a. doubled. b. tripled. c. decreased. d. stayed the same.

Many psychoactive drugs are prescribed to children to treat depression without being thoroughly tested on children. Therefore, the use of these drugs for children is referred to as: Select one: a. psychotherapy. b. psychostimulating. c. off-label. d. inappropriate.

What is the latest educational strategy in the United States for children who are below average in achievement to receive special help? Select one: a. mainstreaming b. inclusion c. resource rooms d. response to intervention

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Select one: a. are always impulsive. b. are always objective. c. can concentrate momentarily. d. struggle to pay attention.

What is the term for a specific learning disability related to math? Select one: a. dyslexia b. dyscalculia c. ADHD d. autism spectrum disorder

The Common Core is a( n) _____ that was developed with backing from all 50 states in response to doubts about state-level assessments. Select one: a. graduation exam b. law that requires frequent testing to monitor student achievement c. set of specific standards by subject and grade level d. amount of money awarded by the government for an individual child's education

_____ is one of the leading theorists of the information-processing perspective. Select one: a. Vygotsky b. Piaget c. Siegler d. Silva

Research has found that appropriately medicated children with ADHD are: Select one: a. more likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD. b. less likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD. c. more likely to suffer from stunted growth than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD. d. actually suffering from bipolar disorder.

What ability is required for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn? Select one: a. metacognition b. automatization c. control processes d. abstract reasoning

Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ the airways. Select one: a. inflammation of b. enlargement of c. destruction of d. holes in

What is the primary international test of science and math given to students? Select one: a. PIRLS b. IATS c. TIMSS d. SATs

Which factor is MOST likely to cause a child's knowledge base to increase? Select one: a. scoring high on an IQ test b. past opportunities to learn c. personal motivation d. well-developed fine motor skills

Most nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores during the past century. This phenomenon is called the: Select one: a. Stanford Swell. b. Brain Leap. c. Intelligence Surge. d. Flynn Effect.

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to: Select one: a. abstractions, such as truth and liberty. b. chemistry and physics. c. concrete and visible examples. d. questions of social justice.

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to microbes is called the: Select one: a. sterile environment theory. b. hygiene hypothesis. c. spore theory. d. immunity hypothesis.

IQ tests: Select one: a. reflect multicultural understanding. b. reflect the culture of the people who created the test. c. do not accurately reflect aptitude. d. accurately reflect achievement.

Which statement about treatment for autism spectrum disorder is TRUE? Select one: a. Hyperbaric treatments have been found to be harmful to children with autism spectrum disorder. b. Risperidone has been found to cure autism spectrum disorder. c. Some vaccinations can cause autism spectrum disorder. d. No biochemical treatment has been found to be completely successful for treating autism spectrum disorder.

Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in _____ theory. Select one: a. Piaget's b. Vygotsky's c. the information processing d. the biocognitive

Which brain feature is responsible for the ability to read? Select one: a. the prefrontal cortex b. the hippocampus c. myelination d. multiple interconnections

Metacognition refers to: Select one: a. improving one's problem-solving strategies. b. memorizing detailed information. c. thinking about one's thinking processes. d. considering multiple alternatives.

One problem about athletic sports leagues is that: Select one: a. there is less and less space for these teams to play. b. low SES children are unlikely to belong to these teams. c. they limit children's opportunities to learn teamwork. d. poor sportsmanship is rampant among parents.

Which statement describes the gender-similarities hypothesis accurately? Select one: a. Around the world, girls are better at reading and boys are better at math. b. Girls are more verbal than boys, but boys catch up during adolescence. c. Boys and girls are similar in most test measures, with trivial exceptions. d. Teachers have the same expectations for girls as they do for boys.

Distinguishing between a diagnosis of ADHD and bipolar disorder in children is challenging. _______ is a new diagnosis, added in the DSM-5, that helps to resolve this confusion. Select one: a. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder b. Comorbidity c. Autism spectrum disorder d. Specific learning disorder

April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a( n): Select one: a. achievement test. b. IQ test. c. field test. d. aptitude test.

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are: Select one: a. unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood. b. related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood. c. unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood. d. related to their health in adolescence and adulthood.

When non-English-speaking children are taught exclusively in English to prepare them for regular classes is, the class is called: Select one: a. English as a second language. b. immersion. c. bilingual schooling. d. monolingual education.

Nine-year-old child Devon writes, "My brother eats like a hungry pig." This statement demonstrates his understanding of: Select one: a. syntax. b. a second language. c. simile. d. logic.

John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers during class. Clearly John understands the: Select one: a. metacognitive aspects of intellect. b. pragmatics of his language. c. automatized view of social interaction. d. control processes of regulation.

Jared, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. Jared is learning Spanish through: Select one: a. Spanish-as-a-second-language program. b. an ESL program. c. bilingual schooling. d. immersion.