Test Answers on PSY Exam 4 – Flashcards
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Delusions of persecution are most common among those with ______ schizophrenia.
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Paranoid
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Although Shawn felt terribly depressed when he began psychotherapy, he was much happier by the time he had completed therapy. It would be reasonable to attribute some of his improvements to
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regression towards the mean
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Most combatstressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This best illustrates
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Resilience
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Participants in the Milgram Obedience studies were ordered to
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deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers
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DSMIVTR is more likely to be criticized for
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classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychological disorders
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A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is on who
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uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches
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The placebo effect refers to
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the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective
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One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is
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an expressionless face
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Clinicians diagnose the presence of a personality disorder using _____ of the DSMIVTR
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axis II
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Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of
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The fundamental attribution error
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In Milgram's obedience experiment, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels ofshock when
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the "learner: was placed in a different room from the "teacher"
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Felippe, a 19 year old university freshman, is very talkative, intelligent, assertive, and politically conservative. Research suggests that he would be mostly likely to develops a close friendship with
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Toren, who is talkative and assertive
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Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone, Kaylee appears to suffer from
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a phobia
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In treating alcohol dependence, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nauseaproducing drug. This technique is known as
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aversive conditioning
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An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for theirsins is best explained in terms of
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the just world phenomenon
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Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends, This behavior is most likely diagnosedas a symptom of a psychological disorder if
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preventing her from functioning effectively
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Professional athletes perform better before an audience than when alone. This best illustrates
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social facilitation
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Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable,internal contributes to depression?
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socialcognitive
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In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the Village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrates that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when
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they perceived their orders to come from authority
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A token economy represents an application of the principles of
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operant conditioning
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21. Instead of focusing in unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulse,_____ therapies focus on conscious thoughts a self-perceptions
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humanistic
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The foot in the door phenomenon refers to the tendency
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comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a smaller one
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Obsessions are
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offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person
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Helping people gain insight in the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of
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psychoanalysis
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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of____ and to overestimate the impact of____ in explaining the behavior of others.
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situational influences, personal dispositions
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Philip Zimbardo decides a simulation prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners of guards. This experiment best illustrates the impact of
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role playing attitude
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Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgrams' initial obedience experiment because
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the :teacher" were more obedient than most people would have predicted
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Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring and socially manipulative behavior patterns are called _____ disorders
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personality
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Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on the hockey team insists that it's not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if
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he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team
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30 Carlo Rogers encouraged client-centered therapy to____ during the process of therapy.
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genuinely express their own true feelings
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The onset of schizophrenia is typically associated with early
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adulthood
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Normative social influence results from people's desire to
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gain social approval
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When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of
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selffulfilling prophecy
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Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why, Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat, Rishi is most likely suffers from
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generalized anxiety disorder
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About 8 months ago, 14 yr old Shelly when on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently, forced her to eat, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it up, Shelly most likely suffers from
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anorexia nervosa
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According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedienceis that
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even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction
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Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of
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visual perspective
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Training people to actively disputer their own selfdefeating ideas best illustrates
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cognitive therapy
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Two year after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experience jumpy anxiety andhas trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of
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PTSD
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Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she arely steps outside of herhouse. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrified her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fearm she earns a living as a freelance writer, working at home, Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of
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agoraphobia
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Mental health workers label behavior as disorder when it is
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deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
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Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called
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conformity
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43 Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depressions serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in lifethreatening behaviors. The professors emphasis best illustrates the______ perspective
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evolutionary
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44 Suicide rates in the US are _____ among whites than Blacks and _____ among men than women
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higher, lower
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Elmer, the owner of an automotive service station, suddenly began smashing fenders and hood of cars. When asked why he explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines". When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everyone was fired, and then started to break car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of
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of:mania
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Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates
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social loafing
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The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called
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cognitive dissonance
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Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a groups judgment of the lengths of line
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even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect
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Systematic desensitization involves
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associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety arousing stimuli
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Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?
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"we all seem to be in basic agreement, so there is no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue"
