Psy ch 16 – Flashcard
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are inuenced by others.
answer
Social psychology
question
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
answer
Stereotypes
question
Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior.
answer
Attributions (personal; external)
question
Observers' bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others' behavior. (focuses on personal attribution when we are looking into someone behavior).
answer
Fundamental attribution error
question
The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners.
answer
Matching hypothesis
question
Positive feelings toward another. (Similarity in backgrounds; values; finance; education; religions; race). Physical attractiveness - Symmetry.
answer
Interpersonal attraction
question
Evolutionary view of love relationships
answer
men - youth & beauty; women - $
question
Concept/prototype of love
answer
(Beverly Fehr) trust; caring; honesty; friendship; respect
question
Triangular theory of love
answer
(Robert Stenberg) Passionate love (strong romantic feelings); + Compassionate love (deep friendship, deep commitment); + Fatuous love (hot, sexual but very short); = Consummate love.
question
Orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment.
answer
Attitudes
question
2 atts that don't match
answer
Contrasting attitudes - Cognitive dissonance
question
A psychological state that exists when related cognitions are inconsistent.
answer
Cognitive dissonance = Contrasting attitudes
question
The tendency for people to yield to real or imagined social pressure. (do whenever others do)
answer
(Asch conformity experiments) Conformity
question
A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.
answer
(Milgram's obedience studies) Obedience
question
_____ is an American social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity.
answer
Solomon Asch
question
_____ is defined as a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific group.
answer
Prejudice
question
A middle-aged woman is sitting on a bench in the busy shopping mall, holding her head in her hands, visibly upset and crying. Nobody stops to see if she needs assistance. One explanation for why nobody helps in this situation is:
answer
diffusion of responsibility
question
A waitress refused to serve an interracial couple. This example best illustrates:
answer
discrimination
question
According to your textbook, _____ is the study of the effect of situational factors and other people on an individual's behavior.
answer
social influence
question
Andrew volunteered to take part in a psychology experiment to earn extra credit for his psychology class. The experiment was one that studied obedience, and Andrew was asked to deliver aversive consequences to another student. Based upon what you know about the forces that influence a subject to continue obeying an experimenter's orders, which of the following reactions is most likely?
answer
Having volunteered to participate in the experiment for which he will receive extra credit, it is likely that Andrew will have the mental expectation that he should obey the experimenter.
question
Before Mark had even heard the details of how Allison's car accident had happened, he commented, "Allison is so absent-minded, I'm sure it happened because she wasn't paying attention." Mark's response illustrates an attributional pattern called:
answer
blaming the victim.
question
the tendency to adjust one's behavior, attitudes, or beliefs to group norms in response to real or imagined group pressure.
answer
conformity
question
Franz, who dislikes speaking in public because it makes him very nervous, was not well prepared for his presentation. In this situation, the presence of other people will:
answer
diminish Franz's performance.
question
Harrison is a handsome young man. Other people are most likely to perceive him as being:
answer
more intelligent, happier, and better adjusted than other people.
question
Helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit is the definition of:
answer
altruism
question
Leslie is concerned about the environment and consistently sorts her garbage by placing paper, plastic, metal, and glass in their respective recycling containers. This example best illustrates the _____ component of attitudes.
answer
behavioral
question
Madeline is a talented actress. Consequently, she was very well prepared when she played the leading role in the school's production of The Sound of Music. The presence of other people will:
answer
enhance Madeline's performance.
question
The performance of an action in response to the direct orders of an authority or person of higher status is a definition of:
answer
obedience
question
The tendency to judge the behavior of the members of your group more favorably than the behavior of members of other groups is called:
answer
in-group bias
question
The common tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called:
answer
the fundamental attribution error
question
People have a strong tendency to perceive others in terms of two basic social categories, which social psychologists call the _____ and the _____.
answer
in-group & out-group
question
The branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations is called:
answer
social psychology.
question
The tendency for the presence of other people to enhance individual performance is called:
answer
social facilitation.
question
Milgram was influenced by Asch's conformity research but he posed a more critical question, namely:
answer
Could people be pressured by others into committing an immoral act or taking an action that violated their conscience, such as hurting a stranger?
question
What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?
answer
Despite hearing protests from the learner in another room, two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.
question
The bus is fairly crowded when you get on. You quickly decide to sit next to a well-dressed senior citizen because you think that he'll probably leave you alone. This example illustrates the process of:
answer
person perception
question
The tendency in individualistic cultures to expend less effort on a task when it is a group effort is called:
answer
social loafing
question
Pamela observes that people don't sit next to strangers on the subway when there are empty seats available. She notices this also happens on the bus, in the movie theater, and in the cafeteria. Pamela's observations suggest that people's behavior in these situations is governed by:
answer
social norms
question
When Raphael was in the elevator, he noticed a man and a woman in conversation. He decided that the woman in the suit was an administrator and the gray-haired man in the glasses was a professor. Raphael was engaged in the process of:
answer
social categorization
