PSY 381 – Chapter 4 Practice Quizzes – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Question 1 0 / 0.2 pts Internal validity is threatened by:
answer
the qualifications of the researcher. the random assignment of participants. the experimental conditions of the study. Correct Answer the presence of demand characteristics.
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts A detailed history of an individual who has suffered a psychological disorder is called a(n) _____.
answer
research report Correct Answer case study executive summary biopic
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts To conduct family history studies, researchers must _____.
answer
gather information from primary care physicians on families who suffer from debilitating psychological problems identify any external stressors that create disorders in families use a biopsychosocial methodology Correct Answer clearly identify the probands and control groups, and then trace family trees
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts What is the primary advantage of human laboratory studies?
answer
Reliability Validity Participants Correct Answer Control
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following statements is NOT true of cross-cultural research?
answer
Theoretical concepts in English might not translate properly into another language. Correct Answer Verbs and pronouns are universal across languages, and researchers should have no difficulty understanding first- and second-person references. Interviewers can accidentally offend a respondent by violating a social norm implicit in a language. Researchers are more careful to search the possibility that the characteristics that predict psychopathology in one culture are irrelevant in other cultures.
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts A researcher is interested in the relationship between depression and the loss of a loved one. The individuals of interest are bereaved adults and non-bereaved adults. The variables in this study receive no manipulation, and depression is measured in both sets of adults. This is an example of:
answer
naturalistic observation. Correct Answer a group comparison study. an experimental study. a case study.
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts A _____ study is when neither the researchers nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.
answer
pseudo-experimental Correct Answer double-blind placebo control single-blind
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts For which of the following studies would separating genetic and environmental factors be problematic?
answer
Family history studies and adoption studies Adoption studies and non-traditional family studies Correct Answer Twin studies Extended family studies and adoption studies
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts Dr. Dell's study demonstrated a statistical significance of p ; .20. He seemed somewhat disappointed with these results. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn concerning Dr. Dell's study?
answer
The results were probably based on a skewed sample and bias was evident. Correct Answer The sample size in his population was probably large and he thus expected the results to be statistically significant. The statistical significance is arbitrary and researchers need not pay attention to these numbers. As long as the positive correlation was close to +1.0 he should not be concerned about the statistical significance.
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts Robert is gathering data for his graduate research project. He targets psychology students as his participants. He randomly selects several psychology classes to administer his questionnaire. Which of the following is true about Robert's participants?
answer
The students in the psychology classes represent the population and all the psychology students on campus also represent the population. The students in the psychology classes represent the population and all the psychology students on campus represent the sample. The students in the psychology classes represent the sample and all the psychology students on campus also represent the sample. Correct Answer The students in the psychology classes represent the sample and all the psychology students on campus represent the population.
question
Question 1 0 / 0.2 pts Because researchers cannot know whether the results will generalize to what happens outside of the laboratory, human laboratory studies often have _____.
answer
high external validity Correct Answer low external validity high internal validity low internal validity
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts In the study of psychopathology, researchers must often rely on _____, which are people's own accounts of their internal states and experiences.
answer
case studies Correct Answer self-reports autobiographies personal essays
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts What is the independent variable in a study that investigates the impact of religious environments on discipline problems in children?
answer
The children in the study Correct Answer Religious environments Parenting styles Discipline problems
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts The probability that both twins will have a disorder if one twin has the disorder is called the _____.
answer
variable ratio time-space interval Correct Answer concordance rate genetic ratio
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts To conduct family history studies, researchers must _____.
answer
gather information from primary care physicians on families who suffer from debilitating psychological problems identify any external stressors that create disorders in families use a biopsychosocial methodology Correct Answer clearly identify the probands and control groups, and then trace family trees
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts Dr. Dell's study demonstrated a statistical significance of p < .20. He seemed somewhat disappointed with these results. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn concerning Dr. Dell's study?
answer
The results were probably based on a skewed sample and bias was evident. Correct Answer The sample size in his population was probably large and he thus expected the results to be statistically significant. The statistical significance is arbitrary and researchers need not pay attention to these numbers. As long as the positive correlation was close to +1.0 he should not be concerned about the statistical significance.
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts In an experimental study, the group that shares all the same experiences as the group of interest but does not receive the key manipulation is the _____.
answer
experimental group randomly selected group Correct Answer control group treatment group
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following is NOT true of therapy outcome research?
answer
Even when a therapy works, researchers often cannot know exactly what it is about the therapy that works. Some researchers believe it is unethical to withhold treatment or to provide a treatment they believe is ineffective for people in distress. Therapists who vary the dosage of a drug or deviate from a study's procedure for psychological intervention may compromise the results of the study. Correct Answer In the real world, mental health services are delivered in controlled, high-quality atmospheres, and patients fit neatly into the criteria for an "optimal patient."
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following statements is true of the study of psychopathology?
answer
Self-reports are often accurate and reliable sources of information. Observer assessments of behavior are not as effective as self-reports. The multiple causes of abnormality can be easily captured in a single study. Correct Answer It is often difficult to obtain the participation of populations of interest.
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts The study of the frequency and distribution of a disorder, or a group of disorders in a population is known as _____.
answer
quantitative correlations biostatistics Correct Answer epidemiology disease diffusion mapping
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts Dizygotic twins share _____ of their genes.
answer
roughly 25 percent Correct Answer roughly 50 percent roughly 75 percent 100 percent
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts In which closed community was Janice Egeland's study of psychological disorders conducted?
answer
Correct Answer Old Order Amish community of Pennsylvania Old Colony Mennonites of South America Native American community in New Mexico Gypsy communities of Syria
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts A representative sample in research means:
answer
the participants were hand-picked by the research according to race. Correct Answer the participants in the sample are highly similar to the population of interest. the participants were invited to participate in the study by a representative of the research group. some participants have a greater chance of being selected than others.
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following statements is true about case studies?
answer
Case studies are not used in the study of rare problems, as people often have biased recollections of their experiences. Correct Answer Case studies are the most apt method for capturing the uniqueness of an individual's perspective and experiences. Case studies have high generalizability, that is, their findings can be applied to other individuals and groups. Case studies suffer from a lack of objectivity on the part of the people telling their stories, but researchers tend to be more neutral and unbiased.
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts External validity refers to the extent to which the:
answer
Correct Answer results can be generalized to real-life phenomena. results can be replicated. independent variable is responsible for the manipulation. study is quantifiable.
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following represents a perfect correlation?
answer
-.01 or +.01 Correct Answer -1.0 or +1.0 -10.0 or +10.0 -100 or +100
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts Studies that do not support the hypothesis they are designed to test are less likely to get published than studies that do. This is known as the _____.
answer
affect size file drawer affect effect size Correct Answer file drawer effect
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts Luther realized that the more he engaged in outdoor activities, the less time he spent playing video games. This is an example of a _____.
answer
zero correlation positive correlation Correct Answer negative correlation one-to-one correlation
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts As part of a research study, Margaret wants to determine if religious environments will influence the consumption of alcohol among freshmen. She has several hundred freshmen complete her survey. Once the data have been collected, she analyzes the scores. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?
answer
Correct Answer Consumption of alcohol Religious environments College freshmen Surveys
question
Question 1 0 / 0.2 pts Studies designed to test whether a specific therapy—whether it be a psychological therapy or a biological therapy—reduces psychopathology in individuals who receive it are called _____.
answer
non-human research studies human laboratory studies Correct Answer therapy outcome studies single subject case studies
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts In epidemiological research, _____ refer(s) to the number of new cases of the disorder that develop during a specific period of time.
answer
risk factors prevalence course Correct Answer incidence
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following statements is true of the ethical issues involved in research?
answer
Researchers should offer substantial monetary incentives to participants so that they cannot refuse to participate. Correct Answer Researchers should explain the deception to the participants after the research is completed in case it is necessary to deceive participants. Researchers should report data gathered from individual participants rather than data aggregated across participants. Researchers may impose some sort of a negative consequence on participants if they choose to withdraw their participation once the study has begun.
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts When conducting research using an integrationist approach to abnormality, researchers must _____.
answer
Correct Answer gather information about people's biological, psychological, and social vulnerabilities and strengths devise new psychological and biological theories base their hypotheses on social and biological theories use research methodology from psychodynamic and sociological theories
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts In a meta-analysis, the results of each study are transformed into a statistic that is common across all studies. This is called the _____.
answer
affect size statistical strategy common statistics Correct Answer effect size
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts Michael and Michelle are adolescents who share the same birthday. Michael received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. On the other hand, Michelle shows no signs of mood disturbance. In this example:
answer
Michael and Michelle are most likely monozygotic twins, but Michael is genetically predisposed to develop a mood disorder. Michael and Michelle are most likely dizygotic twins, but Michael developed the disorder because he modeled behaviors of other family members. Correct Answer Michael and Michelle are most likely dizygotic twins, but Michelle did not develop the disorder because the concordance rate for dizygotic twins is usually low. Michael and Michelle are most likely monozygotic twins, but Michelle did not develop the disorder because she has a higher tolerance for stress.
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts In human laboratory studies, _____ is considered a primary limitation.
answer
reliability operationalization replication Correct Answer generalizabililty
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts Conditions or variables that are associated with a higher susceptibility to a disorder are called:
answer
potentialities. Correct Answer risk factors. prone positions. eligibilities.
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts The participants in a wait list control group receive the treatment:
answer
before the experimental group. at the same time as the experimental group. Correct Answer at a later time than the experimental group. before and after the experimental group.
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts When the conclusions drawn from a study are applicable to other individuals or groups, this is known as _____.
answer
rationalization operationalization conceptualization Correct Answer Generalizability
question
Question 1 0 / 0.2 pts The type of study that observes people on two or more occasions over time is a _____ study.
answer
cross-sectional correlation-coefficient case Correct Answer longitudinal
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts Studies designed to test whether a specific therapy—whether it be a psychological therapy or a biological therapy—reduces psychopathology in individuals who receive it are called _____.
answer
non-human research studies human laboratory studies Correct Answer therapy outcome studies single subject case studies
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts Dr. Samuel wants to study the relationship between test anxiety and age in younger children. His participants are 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-graders who will be studied over a three-year period. This is an example of a(n):
answer
cross-sectional study. experimental study. Correct Answer longitudinal study. case study.
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts A(n) _____ variable is a factor researchers try to predict.
answer
Correct Answer dependent mediating extraneous independent
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts Case studies help researchers:
answer
focus on unconscious motivations and conflicts. measure overt behaviors. Correct Answer make general inferences about the sources of psychopathology. eliminate biological factors from the potential causes of psychopathology.
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts Epidemiological studies:
answer
can establish that a risk factor causes a disorder. overcome almost all of the limitations of correlational studies. are generally unaffected by the problem of the third variable. Correct Answer provide valuable information on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disorders.
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts As part of Seligman and colleagues' animal study, it was discovered that the dogs in Group E, the experimental group, were unable to recognize opportunities for control that arose. The researchers labeled this set of behaviors _____.
answer
locus of control aversive conditioning learned response deficits Correct Answer learned helplessness deficits
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts A _____ between stress and depression would mean that people who report more stressors have higher levels of depression, and a _____ would mean that people who report more stressors actually have lower levels of depression.
answer
positive correlation; positive correlation negative correlation; negative correlation negative correlation; positive correlation Correct Answer positive correlation; negative correlation
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following provides researchers with the most control over laboratory conditions and third variables?
answer
Human laboratory studies Correct Answer Animal studies Longitudinal studies Single-case experimental studies
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts Which of the following is NOT true of therapy outcome research?
answer
Even when a therapy works, researchers often cannot know exactly what it is about the therapy that works. Some researchers believe it is unethical to withhold treatment or to provide a treatment they believe is ineffective for people in distress. Therapists who vary the dosage of a drug or deviate from a study's procedure for psychological intervention may compromise the results of the study. Correct Answer In the real world, mental health services are delivered in controlled, high-quality atmospheres, and patients fit neatly into the criteria for an "optimal patient."
question
Question 1 0 / 0.2 pts Michael and Michelle are adolescents who share the same birthday. Michael received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. On the other hand, Michelle shows no signs of mood disturbance. In this example:
answer
Michael and Michelle are most likely monozygotic twins, but Michael is genetically predisposed to develop a mood disorder. Michael and Michelle are most likely dizygotic twins, but Michael developed the disorder because he modeled behaviors of other family members. Correct Answer Michael and Michelle are most likely dizygotic twins, but Michelle did not develop the disorder because the concordance rate for dizygotic twins is usually low. Michael and Michelle are most likely monozygotic twins, but Michelle did not develop the disorder because she has a higher tolerance for stress.
question
UnansweredQuestion 2 0 / 0.2 pts The type of study that observes people on two or more occasions over time is a _____ study.
answer
cross-sectional correlation-coefficient case Correct Answer longitudinal
question
UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 0.2 pts The major difference between a case study and a single-case experimental design study is that:
answer
case study participants are subject to the manipulation of variables. single-case experimental design studies involve naturalistic observation. case study participants' behaviors are measured by some standard method. Correct Answer single-case experimental design study participants receive some type of intervention or manipulation, and behaviors are measured more than once.
question
UnansweredQuestion 4 0 / 0.2 pts The variable that we believe will affect the dependent variable is the _____.
answer
confounding variable discrete variable Correct Answer independent variable extraneous variable
question
UnansweredQuestion 5 0 / 0.2 pts Studies designed to test whether a specific therapy—whether it be a psychological therapy or a biological therapy—reduces psychopathology in individuals who receive it are called _____.
answer
non-human research studies human laboratory studies Correct Answer therapy outcome studies single subject case studies
question
UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.2 pts The study of the frequency and distribution of a disorder, or a group of disorders in a population is known as _____.
answer
quantitative correlations biostatistics Correct Answer epidemiology disease diffusion mapping
question
UnansweredQuestion 7 0 / 0.2 pts A hypothesis which states that there is no relationship between the phenomena being studied is called a _____.
answer
Correct Answer null hypothesis zero hypothesis nondirectional hypothesis latent hypothesis
question
UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 0.2 pts In the study of psychopathology, researchers must often rely on _____, which are people's own accounts of their internal states and experiences.
answer
case studies Correct Answer self-reports autobiographies personal essays
question
UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 0.2 pts What is the independent variable in a study that investigates the impact of religious environments on discipline problems in children?
answer
The children in the study Correct Answer Religious environments Parenting styles Discipline problems
question
UnansweredQuestion 10 0 / 0.2 pts Adolescents in divorced families experience more depressive episodes than those in intact families. In this hypothesis, the independent and dependent variables are _____, respectively.
answer
adolescents and depressive episodes depressive episodes and family situation Correct Answer family situations and depressive episodes adolescents and family situations
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New