Psy 241 Ch 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which is the most genetically complex structure?
answer
A zygote
question
Which statement concerning the genetic code is FALSE?
answer
DNA strands consist of many zygotes.
question
Dr. Spock is using a microscope to observe a reproductive germ cell. He suddenly remarks, "That cell just underwent meiosis!" What has Dr. Spock just seen?
answer
A cell dividing into new cells with half of the chromosomes of the original reproductive cell
question
The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases
answer
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
question
Scientists estimate that the average human cell contains about _____ genes.
answer
20,000-25,000
question
A gene
answer
provides instructions for the production of amino acids.
question
Alleles are
answer
variants of a gene.
question
The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to
answer
map the sequence of strands of DNA in human chromosomes.
question
Fraternal twin siblings share
answer
on average about 50 percent of their genes
question
Concerning twins, monozygotic is to dizygotic as
answer
one egg is to two eggs.
question
If you are told that you are about to see a karyotype, you should expect to look at a
answer
photograph of a complete set of chromosomes.
question
Which statement concerning human sex chromosomes is true?
answer
The X chromosome has more genes.
question
Who has the set of chromosomes found in a typical female?
answer
(XX) Rose
question
What determines the chromosomal sex of a child?
answer
An X or Y chromosome carried by the father
question
Which is the best example of a genotype?
answer
The genes on your X chromosome
question
Gene expression is affected by
answer
both genetic and environmental factors.
question
During his groundbreaking genetic work with peas, 19th-century monk Gregor Mendel found that dominant characteristics
answer
appeared more often in later generations than opposite traits.
question
If blonde hair is dominant and designated as "B" and brunette hair is recessive and designated as "b," probability would predict that if a couple each with a "Bb" hair color genotype had four children, _____ would have blonde hair.
answer
3
question
When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the characteristic associated with the dominant gene will be
answer
expressed.
question
Michael is color blind. Whose genes caused this to happen?
answer
Only his mother's genes
question
The key characteristic of polygenetic traits is that they ALWAYS involve
answer
multiple pairs of genes.
question
The odds of having a child with Down syndrome increase with maternal
answer
age
question
A service that provides potential parents with information on the risk of a child of theirs being born with an inherited disorder is called _____ counseling.
answer
genetic
question
An individual who is a carrier of a trait has
answer
one dominant gene calling for the absence of the trait and one recessive gene calling for the presence of the trait.
question
When describing a recent medical procedure, Katrina says, "The worst part was the thought of that needle being stuck through my abdomen." Given this description, Katrina appears to have undergone a(n)
answer
amniocentesis.
question
Behavioral genetics is best described as the scientific study of how _____ impact development
answer
genetic and environmental factors together
question
If genes alone contribute to a trait, which of the following patterns of correlations would be observed?
answer
1.00 for identical twins and .50 for fraternal twins raised together and raised apart
question
If shared environmental influences alone contribute to the expression of a trait, which of the following patterns of correlations would be observed?
answer
1.00 for both identical and fraternal twin pairs raised together but no correlation for those pairs raised apart
question
Research by Lomin and colleagues indicated that the highest heritability correlation concerning the emotion of anger was found between
answer
identical twins raised together.
question
Your text reveals that if one identical twin is gay, there is almost a 50 percent chance that the other identical twin will also be gay. On the other hand, if a fraternal twin is schizophrenic, there is only about a 20 percent chance the other fraternal twin will be schizophrenic. The measure of likelihood that twins will share this mental illness in common is called a(n)
answer
concordance rate.
question
The consistent parenting style exhibited by parents toward all their children would represent a _____ for the children.
answer
shared environmental experience
question
Research from behavioral geneticists has found that as we get older, genetic influences on intelligence are _____ in importance, shared influences are ______ in importance, and nonshared environmental influences are _____ in importance.
answer
increasing; decreasing; increasing
question
Laurie is a shy child who avoids social gatherings and seeks out solitary activities such as stamp collecting and reading a good book. Laurie's development will be influenced by this pattern of behavior. In terms of genetic-environmental, this example best illustrates a(n)
answer
active genotype-environment
question
If one or both biological parents have schizophrenia, we can conclude that their child will
answer
have a greater than average risk of developing the disorder in response to an environmental trigger.
question
Some traits are more influenced by genetic factors than other traits, as reflected in the correlations between the traits of identical twins raised apart. Which one of the following series of traits is arranged from most to least heritable?
answer
Height, brain activity, IQ scores, creativity
