PSY 160 CH 3 – Flashcards

1. A baby whose weight is in the 20th percentile is a. is large for his age. b. is not growing properly. c. is malnourished. d. is small compared to other 6 month olds.

2. A newborn's brain weight is ___of adult brain weight. a. greater than b. the same as c. 25 percent of d. 50 percent of

3. A nerve cell in the nervous system is called a(n): a. frontal cell. b. neuron. c. axon. d. dendrite.

4. The last part of the brain to mature is the: a. axons. b. dendrites. c. synapses. d. prefrontal cortex.

5. Which statement describes the brain's cortex? a. It is found in the center of the brain and is responsible for primitive emotions and reflexes. b. It makes up a small percentage of the outer brain and is responsible for movement. c. It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing. d. It is the gray matter of the brain where the intersections of dendrites and axons form.

6. The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the a. prefrontal b. parietal c. temporal d. striate

7. Synapses are: a. intersections where the axons of one neuron interact with the dendrites of another neuron. b. where neurons make direct contact with one another c. chemical structures that allow dendrites to send their messages to axons. d. the area where neurons determine whether a stimulus exceeds the absolute threshold or not.

8. The function of neurotransmitters is to: a. bind the neurons of the central nervous system together. b. form the synapse between neurons. c. carry information from one neuron to another. d. assist in the formation of new neurons.

9. Brain weight triples in size during first two years of life primarily because of the growth of: a. axons. b. dendrites. c. neurons. d. synapses.

10. Transient exuberance is the: a. rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life b. high energy that toddlers experience following a nap. c. friendliness that infants display prior to the onset of stranger wariness. d. rapid growth of axons during the first few years of life.

11. Pruning is the process by which: a. brain centers are rewired following localized brain damage. b. the left hemisphere specializes for language processing. c. the frontal lobe disengages from the prefrontal cortex. d. unused connections between neurons are eliminated.

12. An abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying. Why? a. The infant is so startled by the shaking that she can't cry. b. Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break. c. Experience has taught her to stop crying. d. The infant's airway is damaged

13. An infant's inborn drive to remedy deficits is called: a. self-efficacy. b. experience-expectant brain functions. c. experience-dependent brain functions. d. self-righting.

14. The part of the brain that seems to be devoted to perceiving faces is the: a. prefrontal cortex. b. fusiform face area. c. countenance perception area. d. neurofacial transmitter.

15. Approximately how many hours per day does the average newborn spend asleep? a. 13 to 14 b. 15 to 17 c. 18 to 19 d. 20 to 21

16. Slow-wave sleep: a. increases significantly at about three or four months of age. b. is also known as REM sleep. c. is also known as paradoxical sleep. d. rarely occurs until two years of age.

17. In addition to cultural influences, what is a compelling reason that causes parents to choose to co- sleep with their infant? a. Co-sleeping makes nighttime feedings easier. b. Co-sleeping allows the infant to sleep more deeply for longer periods. c. Co-sleeping helps the baby's digestion. d. Co-sleeping infants become more independent.

18. The process that first detects an external stimulus is: a. perception. b. sensation. c. interpretation. d. cognition.

19. The processing of sensory information is called: a. perception. b. sensation. c. input. d. cognition.

20. Thinking about something that has been perceived is: a. sensation. b. cognition. c. intuition. d. knowing.

21. At what point in development is the sense of hearing already acute? a. at birth b. by 3 months of age c. by 14 weeks of age d. by 6 months of age

22. In terms of visual acuity, newborns: a. possess 20/20 vision. b. are legally blind. c. have binocular vision. d. exhibit organized visual scanning.

23. Depth perception from binocular vision appears between ___months of age. a. 2 and 4 b. 6 and 8 c. 10 and 12 d. 14 and 16

24. Gross motor skills are: a. head motions. b. small muscle movements. c. large muscle movements. d. feet motions.

25. Fine motor skills are: a. head motions. b. small muscle movements. c. large muscle movements. d. feet motions.

26. What three factors contribute to the ability to walk? a. muscle strength, parental teaching, practice b. brain maturation, parental teaching, muscle strength c. parental teaching, practice, brain maturation d. muscle strength, brain maturation, practice

27. When the immune system is primed to resist a particular disease, the process is called: a. exuberance. b. immunization. c. pertussis. d. head-sparing

28. For which illness is an immunization NOT available? a. malaria b. measles c. whooping cough d. smallpox

29. The most lethal disease for all children in past centuries was: a. polio. b. smallpox. c. rubella. d. anencephaly.

30. When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as: a. community immunity. b. vaccinating. c. herd immunity d. failure to thrive

31. The high calorie fluid secreted by a new mother's breasts for a few days is a. Collodion b. Colostrum c. Breast milk d. Glucose

32. Why are breast-fed babies less likely to contract infectious diseases than bottle-fed babies? a. They are less likely to come in contact with viruses and bacteria. b. Breasts are more sterile than bottles. c. Breast milk contains antibodies to all the diseases for which the mother has antibodies. d. Most breast-fed babies don't leave the home often.

33. Studies comparing breast-feeding to bottle-feeding show that: a. breast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomachaches. b. breast-feeding is recommended for about half of all mothers. c. recent improvements in formula make bottle-feeding more nutritious than breast milk. d. breast-feeding should end as soon as a baby gets a tooth.

34. A child who is too short for his or age due to severe malnutrition is has a condition called: a. stunting. b. marasmus. c. wasting. d. protein calorie malnutrition.

35. When a child is more than two standard deviations underweight has a condition called: a. stunting. b. wasting. c. marasmus. d. protein calorie malnutrition.

36. A 2 years old does not have enough food. As a result, he has unusual swelling in his face and abdomen, and thin, colorless hair. This is: a. kwashiorkor. b. marasmus. c. rickets. d. hypoglycemia.

37. A 9 months old does not weigh enough due to malnutrition. Her life is in danger from: a. rickets. b. hypoglycemia. c. kwashiorkor. d. marasmus.

38. During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, the child's main task is to: a. learn to use language to express sensations. b. think of past and future events. c. use senses and motor skills to understand the world. d. think logically and critically.

39. In Piaget's terminology, sensorimotor stage one is described as: a. the stage of reflexes. b. making interesting sights last. c. first acquired adaptations. d. new adaptation and anticipation.

40. In Piaget's terminology, sensorimotor stage two is described as: a. the stage of reflexes. b. first acquired adaptations. c. making interesting sights last. d. new adaptation and anticipation.

41. Object permanence is demonstrated by an infant who: a. laughs when a sibling makes faces. b. grasps a rattle and bangs it on the floor. c. willing lets go of an object. d. searches for a toy that has fallen from sight.

42. According to Piaget, a stage-five sensorimotor baby is like a: a. child in the "terrible twos." b. neurotic person who cannot take no for an answer. c. mime who imitates behavior of all kinds. d. scientist who experiments to see what will happen.

43. Piaget's sixth stage of sensorimotor intelligence is known as the stage of: a. mental combinations. b. interesting observations. c. primary reactions. d. new adaptation and anticipation.

44. Which theory compares human thought to the workings of a computer? a. behavioral theory b. information-processing theory c. adaptive theory d. Piaget's theory of cognitive development

45. New research on infant long-term memory has shown that infants can remember if the researchers: a. use situations that are different from real life. b. o not let the baby move during the memory event. c. use highly emotional events. d. use special measures to aid memory retrieval, such as reminders.

46. Infants' repetition of certain syllables at the age of about six or seven months is called: a. cooing. b. holophrasing. c. gurgling. d. babbling.

47. A 12-month-old says "more" to mean I want another cookie". "more" is a a. Holophrase b. Preverbal communication c. Overextension d. Reflexive communication.

48. A toddler can be expected to utter his first multiword sentence at around: a. 12 months. b. 16 months. c. 21 months. d. 27 months.

49. The use of parts of speech like prefixes, suffixes, verb forms, and pronouns, is called a. grammar. b. sentence structure. c. speech patterns. d. syntax.

50. When does it first become obvious that a person has discerned the rules of his or her native language? a. when the person learns a second language b. when the person is able to read and write c. when the person starts using two-word sentences d. once the person's sentences contain a subject, verb, and object

51. According to Skinner's behaviorist theory of language acquisition: a. children learn language through a process of imitation and reinforcement. b. children have an inborn ability to learn language c. The inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunction d. Language learning uses one particular brain structure

52. According to Chomsky's theory of language acquisition: a. children learn language through a process of imitation and reinforcement. b. children have an inborn ability to learn language c. The inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunction d. Language learning uses one particular brain structure