question

In psychoanalysis, patients may experience strong feelings for their analyst, which is called ___________. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories -- showing _________. The analyst will attempt to offer insight into the underlying anxiety by offering a(n) ___________ of the mental blocks.

answer

Transference; resistance; interpretation

question

How do the insight therapies differ from behavior therapies?

answer

The insight therapies -psychodynamic and humanistic therapies- seek to relive problems by providing an understanding of their origins. Behavior therapies assume the problem behavior is the problem and treat it directly.

question

Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hopes does this fact provide?

answer

If a behavior can be learned, it can be unlearned, and replaced by other more adaptive responses.

question

Exposure therapies and aversive condoning are applications of _________ conditioning. Token economics are an application of __________ conditioning.

answer

Classical; operant

question

How do the humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?

answer

By reflecting clients' feelings in a nondirective setting, the humanist therapies attempt to foster personal growth by helping clients become more self-aware and self-accepting. By making clients aware of self-defeating patterns of thinking, cognitive therapies guide people toward more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their world.

question

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy address?

answer

This popular integrative therapy helps people change self-defeating thinking and behavior. It has been shown to be effective for those with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, mood disorder, and anorexia nervosa.

question

Which therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening?

answer

Humanistic therapy - specifically Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy

question

What is NOT a benefit of group therapy?

answer

More focused attention from the therapist

question

Therapy is more likely to be helpful in those with the _______(most/least) clearly defined problems.

answer

Most

question

What is evidence-based practice?

answer

Using this approach, therapists make decisions about treatment based on research evidence, clinical expertise, and knowledge of the client.

question

What are EMDR and light exposure therapy, and what have we learned from controlled research about the value of these therapies?

answer

Some therapists use eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to treat anxiety sufferers - triggering eye movements in their clients as the client envisions traumatic memories in an effort to reprocess the negative events. Light exposure therapy treats those suffering from depression with prescribed time in front of very bright artificial light in the mornings. Research suggests that light therapy is as effective as drugs or cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. EMDR has shown some effectiveness - not from the eye movement but rather from the exposure therapy nature of the treatments (and the placebo effect).

question

What two tendencies can bias appraisals of the effectiveness of alternative therapies?

answer

a. There is a natural tendency for extraordinary happenings to return to a normal state. Clients may attribute their improvement to successful treatment. b. The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. Clients who expect a treatment to be effective may believe it was.

question

Those who undergo psychotherapy are ________(more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.

answer

More

question

How do researchers evaluate the effectiveness of particular drug therapies?

answer

Researchers assign people to treatment and no-treatment conditions to see if those who receive the drug therapy improve more than those who don't. Double-blind controlled studies are most effective. If neither the therapist nor the client knows which participants have received the drug treatment, then any difference between the treated and untreated groups will reflect the drug's actual effect.

question

The drugs given most often to treat depression are called _________. The drugs that are now most commonly given to treat anxiety disorders are called __________. Schizophrenia is often treated with ___________ drugs.

answer

Antidepressants; antidepressants; antipsychotic

question

Severe depression that has not responded to other therapy may be treated with ___________ ____________, which can cause memory loss. More moderate neural stimulation techniques designed to alleviate depression include ___________ ____________ stimulation, __________-_________ stimulation, and __________ ___________ magnetic stimulation.

answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve; deep-brain, repetitive transcranial

question

What are some examples of lifestyle changes we can make to enhance our mental health?

answer

Exercise regularly, get enough sleep, get more exposure to light, nurture important relationships, redirect negative thinking, and eat a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

question

What is the difference between preventative mental health and psychological or biomedical therapy?

answer

Psychological and biomedical therapies attempt to relieve people's suffering from psychological disorders. Preventative mental health attempts to prevent suffering by identifying and eliminating the conditions that cause disorders.

question

A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing from _____________.

answer

Psychoanalysis

question

_________ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.

answer

Insight

question

Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasize...

answer

Self-fulfillment and growth

question

A therapist who restates and clarifies the client's statements is practicing __________ __________.

answer

Active listening

question

The goal of behavior therapy is to...

answer

Eliminate the unwanted behavior

question

Behavior therapists often use _____________ techniques such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.

answer

Counterconditioning

question

The technique of ___________ ____________ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.

answer

Systematic desensitization

question

After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?

answer

Behavior therapies are often the best choice for treating phobias. Viewing Rico's fear of the freeway as a learned response, a behavior therapist might help Rico learn to replace his anxious response to freeway driving with a relaxation response

question

At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) ___________ ___________.

answer

Token economy

question

Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating _________.

answer

Depression

question

__________-__________ therapists help people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.

answer

Cognitive-behavioral

question

In family therapy, the therapist assumes that...

answer

Each person's actions trigger reactions from other family members.

question

The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from...

answer

Reports of clinicians and clients

question

Studies show that __________ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.

answer

No one type of

question

What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

answer

1. Research evidence 2. Clinical expertise 3. Knowledge of the patient

question

How does the placebo effect basis patients' attitudes about the effectiveness of drug therapies?

answer

The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, they may believe it was.

question

Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably....

answer

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches

question

Drugs like Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can lead to psychological and psychical dependency when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as __________ drugs.

answer

Antianxiety

question

A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is __________.

answer

Lithium

question

When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as treatment, largely for people with _________ __________.

answer

Severe depression

question

An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called...

answer

Biomedical therapy

PSY 111 Chapter 15 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards