question

What early philosopher believed that the mind is a blank slate before environmental experiences write their story?

answer

John Locke

question

The mind and body are two separate entities

answer

Dualism

question

Which pioneer demonstrated through research that our mental processes could be studied with the same scientific methods used in other areas of science?

answer

Herman von Helmholtz

question

Which view of psychology emphasized the study of mental processes alone?

answer

structuralism

question

Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body?

answer

Aristotle

question

Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to make distinctions between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of

answer

Socrates

question

In the context of debates over the origins of knowledge, nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________.

answer

Descartes; Locke

question

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of

answer

sensory experience

question

The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as

answer

structuralism

question

Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?

answer

James

question

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of

answer

learning

question

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of

answer

thinking

question

Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:

answer

nature vs nurture

question

A unified understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by

answer

a bispsychosocial approach

question

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective

answer

evolutionary

question

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective

answer

evolutionary; behavioral

question

Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information

answer

cognitive

question

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology

answer

personality

question

Professor Thurstone conducts basic research to investigate whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' subsequent academic performance. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist

answer

social

question

The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology

answer

scientific

question

In debating the origins of knowledge, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of

answer

nature vs nurture

question

Professor Boyd suggests that children in every culture can distinguish between costs and benefits because humans have an inborn understanding of economics. The professor's suggestion is most consistent with the views of

answer

Plato

question

Who emphasized that mental processes could exist independently of physical states?

answer

Descartes

question

Edward Titchener used the research method known as

answer

introspection

question

Which research method was introduced by structuralists to identify basic elements of sensory experience?

answer

introspection

question

Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?

answer

functionalism

question

Wilhelm Wundt was both a

answer

physiologist and philosopher

question

The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by

answer

structuralism

question

The importance of inherited behavioral traits was most clearly highlighted by

answer

Darwin

question

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the linkages between hormone levels and sexual motivation?

answer

neuroscience

question

Focusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside one's own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective

answer

psychodynamic

question

A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _______ perspective

answer

social- cultural

question

Professor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist.

answer

developmental

question

Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a ________ psychologist

answer

clinical

question

Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding the thinking error known as the false consensus effect?

answer

random sampling

question

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing?

answer

naturalistic observation

question

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to

answer

placebo effect

question

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?

answer

case study

question

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:

answer

random assignment

question

who believed the mind was a blank slate?

answer

John Locke

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