Principles of Management Test – Chapters 1-3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Chapter 1
answer
Chapter 1
question
Manager
answer
Person who supports and is responsible for the work of others
question
First-Line Managers
answer
Supervise people who perform nonmangerial duties and manage the work of nonmanagerial individuals who are directly involved with the production or creation of the organization's products ex. supervisors, line managers, office managers
question
Middle Managers
answer
Oversee the work of large departments or divisions ex. department head, project leader, plant manager, or division manager
question
Top Managers
answer
Guide the performance of the organization as a whole or of one of its major parts ex. CEO, executives
question
Board of Directors
answer
Elected by stockholders to represent their ownership of stock
question
Governance
answer
Oversight of top management by a board of directors or board of trustees
question
Accountability
answer
The requirement to show performance results to a supervisor
question
Effective Manager
answer
Successfully helps others achieve high performance and satisfaction in their work
question
Quality of Work Life
answer
The overall quality of human experience in the workplace
question
Upside-Down Pyramid
answer
A view that puts customers at the top of the organization being served by workers who are supported by managers below them
question
Management Process
answer
Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals
question
Planning
answer
The process of setting objectives and determining what should be done to accomplish them
question
Organizing
answer
The process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating work activities
question
Leading
answer
The process of arousing enthusiasm and inspiring efforts to achieve goals
question
Controlling
answer
Process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results
question
Agenda Setting
answer
Identifies important action priorities
question
Networking
answer
Involves building and maintaining positive relationships with other people
question
Social Capital
answer
The capacity to attract support and help from others in order to get things done
question
Technical Skill
answer
The ability to use expertise to perform a task with proficiency
question
Human Skill
answer
The ability to work well in cooperation with other people
question
Emotional Intelligence
answer
The ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively
question
Conceptual Skill
answer
The ability to think analytically and solve complex problems
question
Lifelong Learning
answer
Continuous learning from daily experiences
question
Globalization
answer
The worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition
question
Global Sourcing
answer
Involves contracting for work that is performed in other countries
question
Job Migration
answer
Occurs when global outsourcing shifts from one country to another
question
Ethics
answer
Set moral standards of what is "good" and "right"
question
Corporate Governance
answer
Oversight of a company's managment by a board of directors
question
Workplace Diversity
answer
Describes differences among workers in gender, race, age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and able- bodiedness
question
Glass Ceiling Effect
answer
An invisible barrier limiting career advancement of women and minorities
question
Prejudice
answer
The display of negative, irrational attitudes toward women and minorities
question
Discrimination
answer
Actively denies women and minorities the full benefits of organizational membership
question
Free- Agent Economy
answer
People change jobs more often, and many work on independent contracts with a shifting mix of employers
question
Shamrock Organization
answer
Operates with a core group of full-time long-term workers supported by others who work on contracts and part time
question
Intellectual Capital
answer
The collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce Intellectual Capital= Competency x Commitment
question
Knowledge Workers
answer
Use their minds and intellects as critical assets to employers
question
Self-Management
answer
The ability to understand oneself, exercise initiative, accept responsibility, and learn from experience
question
Chapter 2
answer
Chapter 2
question
Scientific Management
answer
Emphasizes selection and training of workers and supervisory support
question
Motion Study
answer
The science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions
question
Bureaucracy
answer
A rational and efficient form of organization founded on logic, order, and legitimate authority
question
Scalar Chain Principle
answer
States that organizations should operate with clear unbroken lines of communication top to bottom
question
Unity of Command Principle
answer
A worker should only receive orders from one boss
question
Follett
answer
Advocated for social responsibility, respect for workers, and better cooperation through organizations; warned against the dangers of too much hierarchy, and called for visionary leadership
question
Hawthorne Effect
answer
The tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected
question
Need
answer
Physiological or Psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisy
question
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
answer
From bottom to top: phsyological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
question
Maslow's Progression Principle
answer
A need at any level becomes activated only after the next-lower-level need is satisfied
question
Maslow's Deficit Principle
answer
People act to satisfy needs for which a satisfaction deficit exists; a satisfied need doesn't motivate behavior
question
Theory X
answer
Assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, and prefer to be led
question
Theory Y
answer
Assumes people are willing to work, accept responsibility, are self-directed, and are creative
question
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
answer
Occurs when people act in ways that confirm another's expectations
question
Analytics
answer
The systematic use and analysis of data to solve problems and make informed decisions
question
Management Science and Operations Research
answer
Apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems
question
Operations Management
answer
The study of how organizations produce goods and services
question
Open System
answer
Transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs
question
Subsystem
answer
Smaller component of a larger system
question
Contingency Thinking
answer
Tries to match management processes with situational demands
question
Total Quality Management
answer
Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer needs
question
Continuous Improvement
answer
Involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance
question
High-Performance Organization
answer
Consistently achieves excellence while achieving a high quality work environment
question
Evidence Based Management
answer
Making decisions based on hard facts about what really works
question
Chapter 3
answer
Chapter 3
question
Ethics
answer
Sets standards of good or bad, right or wrong, in our conduct
question
Ethics VS Laws
answer
Ethics are the base for laws, but laws are punishable while ethics are not. Laws are created by governments and ethics are created by oneself
question
Ethical Behavior
answer
What is "right" or "good" in the context of a governing moral code
question
Values
answer
Broad beliefs about what is appropriate behavior
question
Values VS Beliefs
answer
Beliefs are assumptions that we make about the world and our values stem from those beliefs. Values are things that we deem important and can include concepts like equality, honesty, education, effort, perseverance, loyalty, faithfulness, conservation of the environment
question
Terminal Values
answer
Preferences about desired end states
question
Instrumental Values
answer
The preferences regarding the means to desired ends
question
Utilitarian View
answer
Ethical behavior delivers the most good to the most people
question
Individualism View
answer
Ethical behavior advances long term self interests
question
Justice View
answer
Ethical behavior treats people impartially and fairly
question
Procedural Justice
answer
Focuses on the fair application of policies and rules
question
Disruptive Justice
answer
Focuses on treating people the same regardless of personal characteristics
question
Interactional Justice
answer
The degree to which others are treated with dignity and respect
question
Commutative Justice
answer
Focuses on the fairness of exchanges or transactions
question
Moral Rights View
answer
Ethical behavior respects and protects fundamental rights
question
Cultural Relativism
answer
Suggests there is no one right way to behave; cultural context determines ethical behavior
question
Ethical Imperialism
answer
An attempt to impose one's ethical standards on other cultures
question
Ethical Dilemma
answer
A situation that, although offering potential benefit or gain, is also unethical
question
Ethical Frameworks
answer
Well thought out personal rules and strategies for ethical decision making
question
Ethics Training
answer
Seeks to help people understand the ethical aspects of decision making and to incorporate high ethical standards into their daily behavior
question
Spotlight Questions
answer
Highlight the risks of public disclosure of one's actions
question
Whistleblowers
answer
Expose misconduct of organizations and their members
question
Immoral Manager
answer
Chooses to behave unethicaly
question
Amoral Manager
answer
Fails to consider the ethics of her or his behavior
question
Moral Manager
answer
Makes ethical behavior a personal goal
question
Code of Ethics
answer
A formal statement of values and ethical behaviors
question
Stakeholders
answer
People and institutions most directly affected by an organization's performance
question
Corporate Social Responsibility
answer
The obligation of an organization to serve its own interests and those of its stakeholders
question
Triple Bottom Line of Organizational Performance
answer
Includes financial, social, and environmental criteria
question
Three P's of Organizational Performance
answer
Profit, People, Planet
question
Classical View of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
answer
Business should focus on the pursuit of profits
question
Socioeconomic View of CSR
answer
Business should focus on contribution to society, not just on making profits
question
Virtuous Circle
answer
Exists when CSR leads to improve financial performance that leads to more social responsibility
question
Shared Value
answer
Approaches business decisions with understanding that economic and social progress are interconnected
question
Social Responsibility Audit
answer
Measures and reports on an organization's performance in various areas of corporate social responsibility
question
Sustainability
answer
A goal that addresses the rights of present and future generations as co-stakeholders of present day natural resources
question
Sustainable Business
answer
Firms operate in ways that both meet the needs of customers and protect the well-being of our natural environment
question
Sustainable Development
answer
Making use of natural resources to meet today's needs while also preserving and protecting the environment for use by future generations
question
Environmental or Natural Capital
answer
The storehouse of natural resources- atmosphere, land, water, and minerals- that we use to sustain life and produce goods and services for society
question
ISO 14001
answer
A global quality standard that certifies organizations that set environmental objectives and targets, account for the environmental impact of their activities, and continuously improve environmental performance
question
Social Business
answer
One in which the underlying business model directly addresses a social problem
question
Social Entrepreneur
answer
Takes business risks to find novel ways to solve pressing social problems
