Pre-AP World History – Chapter 8 Vocabulary List #1 – Flashcards
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Chan (Zen)
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a sect of Buddhism that developed in Eastern Asia that emphasized meditation
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Bakufu
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a military government run by a shogun where the emperor has no political power. a "tent-government" ( in Japan )
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shogun
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supreme military ruler in Japan
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"The Three Kingdoms"
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3 political organizations in Korea
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seppuku
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ritual suicide performed by a samurai warrior who broke the code of bushido
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Heian Era
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a time period in Japan led by the Fujiwara family. Japan was greatly influenced by Chinese culture in this time period
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bushido code
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code of conduct followed by Samurai warriors in Japan
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Minyak
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nomads who set up the Xi Xia Empire in the Western frontier of China during the Song Dynasty
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Neo-Confucianism
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new interpretation of Confucianism based on Buddhism; developed in China; worshipped Menicus
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celadon
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a green blazed porcelain art form that started in Korea
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Silla Dynasty
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1st politically unified Korean Dynasty
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Koryo Dynasty
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2nd politically unified Korean Dynasty
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Nara and Kyoto
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earliest capitals of Japan during a high-end period
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Menicus
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Confucian scholar; a philosopher who studied Confucianism during the Middle Ages; developed Neo-Confucianism
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The Tale of Gengi
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a novel written about the Fujiwara family (Prince Gengi); written in Japanese
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Wu Zhao
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an early Tang emperor, the only woman in Chinese history to rule in her own name
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foot-binding
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female subordination; tightly wrapping a young girls foot to make sure it doesn't grow (more attractive to have small feet in China); they broke the arch of the girl's foot
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Li Qingzhao
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a female Chinese poet during the Song Dynasty
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Shintoism
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a Japanese animistic religion that emphasizes nature and spirits (kami) that inhabit objects in nature
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kami
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spirits that inhabit objects in nature
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Fujiwara family
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a noble family who controlled Japanese government for 300 years
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Minamoto family
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2nd Japanese family who established the Bakufu military government
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samurai
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the warrior class of Japan; part of the feudal military aristocracy
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Warring States Period
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a 200 year period in China with violence and a lack of centralized government between the Zhou and the Qin Dynasties
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Jurchen
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northen peoples who destroyed Laio capital in Mongolia and made their own empire (The Jin); they took tribute from the Song and forced the Song to flee south
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viets
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early agricultural settlers in the Red River delta in modern-say Vietnam
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Todaji Temple
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enormous Buddhist temple located near Nara
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Kaifeng
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original capital of the Song empire; given up when the Jurchens invaded
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Era of Division
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a time period after the fall of the Han Dynasty; China fragmented into regional kingdoms that were chaotic and constantly at war with each other
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Sui Dynasty
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the short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government; introduced Buddhism to China; repaired the Great Wall
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Li Yuan
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1st emperor of the Tang Dynasty; took over the empire following the assassination of Yangdi (he took on the imperial name of Gaozu)
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Tang Dynasty
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golden age dynasty much like that of the Han; used Confucianism, and equal field system, a merit system, and an education system, unified China and parts of Central Asia; an imperial dynasty
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Chang'an
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capital of the Tang Dynasty; larger than any other city in the world at this time
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Tang Taizong
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2nd emperor of the Tang Dynasty; known for peace and prosperity; started achievements of the Tang Dynasty and reconquered the Northern and Western lands China lost during the Han Dynasty
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scholar-gentry
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the educated upper class in China
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civil service examination
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Confucian exam that the people of China had to pass in order to become a government official
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tributary system
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a system from the time of the Han Dynasty where small countries/states were not politically under China's control, but were forced to pay tribute in order to recognize China's superiority
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kowtow
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a Chinese custom; the tributary states had to send delegations to China to present the tribute to the emperor, and kneel in front of him and praise him and bow down to him
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equal-field system
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agricultural reform in China under the Tang Dynasty favoring peasants; 1/5 of the land went to the peasants' descendants and the rest went to the government
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Grand Canal
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a canal built by the Sui that linked the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers and served as a key component to internal trade within the Chinese Empire
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Li Bo
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one of Chinas most admired poets during the Tang Era; known for freedom of spirit and love for nature (Daoist)
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Du Fu
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one of China's most admired poets during the Tang Era; more formal poetry which concerned social injustice and the suffering of ordinary people
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Uighurs
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nomadic Turkish peoples who sacked Chang'an and Luoyang
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Song Dynasty
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known for advances in technology, medicine, math, and science; started by Tai Zu; foot binding; magnetic compass; navy; paper money; gun power
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Khitan
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nomadic peoples of Manchuria; challengers to the Song Dynasty from Siberia to Inner Asia
