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Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

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preventing her from functioning effectively

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Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ has occurred more consistently worldwide.

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Schizophrenia

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The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

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classify

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Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

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generalized anxiety disorder

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In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

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more intense and less prolonged

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Which of the following disorders is characterized by avoidance of situations in which panic may strike and escape would be difficult?

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agoraphobia

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Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

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OCD

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Kara's craving for psychoactive drugs is so strong that she is unable to function at work or maintain important relationships with her family. Kara would most clearly be diagnosed with

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substance use disorder

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A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

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feelings of personal worthlessness

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A condition in which an individual is happy, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic with dangerously poor judgment being common, is known as

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mania

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Compared with the general population, those who have suffered ________ have at least five times greater risk of suicide.

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major depressive disorder

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Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and that he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from

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delusions

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Flat affect and remaining motionless for hours are symptoms most closely associated with

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schizophrenia

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Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to

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schizophrenia

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An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that

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uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques

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Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

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psychoanalysis

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When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as

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free association

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Instead of focusing on unconscious thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

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Humanistic

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Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

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unconditional positive regard

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Systematic desensitization is a form of

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behavior therapy

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In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

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aversive conditioning

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Behavioral conditioning therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of

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phobias

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Antianxiety drugs are most likely to be used in combination with psychological therapy to treat

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posttraumatic stress disorder

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Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.

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mood-stabilizing

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Adelle's feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the quickest relief from her misery?

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electroconvulsive therapy√

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Psychosurgery involves

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removing or destroying brain tissue

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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.

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situational influences; personal traits

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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the

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foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?

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cognitive dissonance theory

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Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

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even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect

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Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because

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the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted

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To study social facilitation, Norman Triplett observed adolescents while they were

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winding fishing reels

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Students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates

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social loafing

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Which of the following describes a stereotype?

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Robin is convinced that university professors are usually impractical and forgetful

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The ingroup is the set of people with whom we share a common

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social identity

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Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates

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ingroup bias

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Prejudice is best defined as

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an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

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A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in

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discrimination

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Studies of implicit prejudice indicate that prejudice is often

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unconscious

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Lizette's attitude toward other racial groups had always been negative. In her first year of college, she was assigned a roommate from a different racial group. This experience caused her to give up her prejudicial attitude. This best illustrates the impact of

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equal status contact

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Generalizing from Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of child campers, you might suggest that the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to

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conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars

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According to the text, aggression always involves

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the intent to hurt

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The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

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experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar

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