Physiology Chapter 7 – Flashcards
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Parathyroid secretion
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Triggered by low blood calcium
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Hormones
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Control gene expression and synthesize proteins, control the rates of enzymatic reactions, control the transport of solutes across cell membranes
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After a hormone has exerted its effects
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It is inactivated or removed from the blood
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A cell's response to a hormone primarily depends on the
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cell's receptors and the signal transduction pathway used by the cell
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Steroid hormones are lipophilic, which allows them to
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bind them to intracellular receptors
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Adrenal cortex produces
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Aldosterone(sodium and potassium homeostasis) and cortisol(blood glucose)
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Anterior pituitary
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True endocrine gland, secretes prolactin, GH, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH
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Role of hypothalamus with hormone release and endocrine function
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release trophic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary
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GH
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targets muscles and bones
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TSH
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controls hormone synthesis and release from thyroid gland
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ACTH
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targets adrenal gland, controls release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex, stimulates cortisol from adrenal glands
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Posterior Pituitary
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Secretes neurohormones vasopressin and oxytocin, composed of neural tissue, aka the adenohypophysis
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Neuronal cell bodies of hypothalamus
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produce neurohormones released by posterior pituitary
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Nuerohormones
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Produced by neurons
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Somatotropin
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Stimulates cell growth and metabolism in many tissues
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Peptide hormone
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lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface
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Adrenal medulla
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secretes epinephrine
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Pancreas
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secretes insulin
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Thyroid
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secretes calcitonin
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Pineal
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secretes melatonin
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Synergists
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two hormones that have the same effect
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Permissive
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One hormone must be present for a second hormone to produce a full effect
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ADH
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synthesized in hypothalamus
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cAMP in the cytoplasm
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magnifies the signal from a water-soluble hormone
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Steroid hormones bind to
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cytoplasmic receptors
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Water soluble hormones bind to
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specific receptors in plasma membrane, insulin and epinephrine
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Activated protein kinases
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phosphorylate proteins
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Phosphodiesterase
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degrades cAMP, inactivating a response to a hormone
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Down regulation
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reduction in number of receptors
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Order of events for hormones activating G proteins
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activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP
