Physics Test 2 Final Review

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Additive Primaries
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Red, Green, Blue or RGB
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Subtractive Primaries
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Cyan, Magenta, Yellow or CYM
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Red+Green+Blue=
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White
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Cyan =
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Green + Blue
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Magenta =
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Red + Blue
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Yellow =
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Red + Green
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White - Red =
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Green + Blue (Cyan)
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White - Green =
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Red + Blue (Magenta)
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White - Blue =
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Red + Green (Yellow)
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Compliment of Red?
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Compliment is Cyan (Green + Blue)
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Compliment of Green?
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Compliment is Magenta (Red + Blue)
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Compliment of Blue?
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Compliment is Yellow (Red + Green)
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Compliment of Cyan (Green+Blue)?
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Compliment is Red
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Compliment of Magenta (Red + Blue)?
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Compliment is Green
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Compliment of Yellow (Red + Green)?
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Compliment is Blue
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Any color + It's compliment =
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WHITE LIGHT!
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A red filter passes ___ and blocks ____
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Passes red and black Green and Blue
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A Green filter passes ____ and blocks _____
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Passes Green and blocks Red and Blue
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A Blue filter passes _____ and blocks ____
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Passes Blue and blocks Red and Green
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A Cyan (B+G) filter passes ____ and blocks ___
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Passes Green and Blue and blocks Red
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A Magenta (R+B) filter passes _____ and blacks ___
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Passes Red and Blue and blocks Green
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A Yellow (R+G) filter passes ____ and blocks ____
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Passes Red and Green and blocks Blue
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White paper reflects?
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All colors
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Black paper?
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Absorbs all colors
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A Red paper or cloth?
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Reflects Red and absorbs green and blue
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A Green paper or cloth?
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Reflects green and absorbs Red and Blue
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If pure white light is shined on a rose:
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The rose is red and the leaves are green
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If pure red light is shined on a rose:
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The rose is red and the leaves appear black
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If pure green light is shined on a rose:
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The rose appears black and the leaves appear green
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If yellow light is shined on a rose:
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The rose is red and the leaves are green (it lets both colors through)
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Cyan paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Green and Blue, Absorbs Red
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Magenta paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Reflects Red and Blue, Absorbs Green
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Yellow paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Reflects Red and Green; Absorbs Blue
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Red paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Reflects Red; Absorbs Green and Blue
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Green paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Reflects green; Absorbs Red and Blue
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Blue paint reflects? Absorbs?
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Reflects Blue, Absorbs Red and Green
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Cyan + Magenta pigment =
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Blue pigment
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Magenta + Yellow pigment =
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Red pigment
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Examples of color addition?
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TV Screen (RGB), Giant LED signs (RGB)
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Examples of color subtraction?
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Mixing pigments and dyes, in printing (Uses CMY), inkjet (Uses CMY)
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Low frequency, long wavelength lights the penetrate atmosphere:
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Red, Sunset, Due to Rayleigh Scattering
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High frequency, short wavelength light is scattered sideways:
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Blue, explains why sky is blue, Due to Rayleigh Scattering
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Blue is scattered the _____
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Most
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Red is scattered the ____
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Least (longer path through atmosphere)
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Who painted \"The Scream\"
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Edvard Munch
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The \"blood red sky\" was inspired by?
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Krakatoa (extreme example of Rayleigh Scattering), Eruption caused cloud of dust, gas, and aerosols (sulfur) to be spread worldwide
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Why are clouds white?
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Clusters of water molecules scatter all colors
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Water absorbs which color?
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Red and Infrared
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If a diver cut his hand in the ocean, what color would the blood be?
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Black
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Colors with highest frequencies and energy?
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UV and Blue
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Colors with lowest frequency and energy?
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Red and IR
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Na (sodium) vapor appears
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Yellow
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Hg (Mercury) vapor appears
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Blue-Green
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Ne (Neon) vapor appears
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Red-Orange
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Ar (Argon) vapor appears
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Blue
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Fluorescence
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Object absorbs high-frequency radiations THEN object emits lower frequency radiation--ENERGY SPLITS UP!
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In fluorescence one high frequency, high energy proton >>>
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= Several low frequency, low energy protons
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UV Input =
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Visible output (Rock and crayons in class)
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A picture under fluorescent light would cause white to
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appear Blue/Green
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The hot, glowing wire in an incandescent light bulb?
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Turnstien filament
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CFL (Compact Fluorescent light)
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Contains HG(Mercury)
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Early LEDs were:
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All red, now they are all colors
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Three perks of LEDS?
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Efficient, long-lasting, no mercury
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Red photons:
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CANNOT make a phosphor glow (due to lower energy)
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Blue photons:
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CAN make phosphor glow (due to higher energy)
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Fluorescence
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On/Off
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Phosphorescence (\"Glow in the Dark\")
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On/Slow Decay
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LASER
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Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation
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Incoherent Light
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-Has all colors in it (white light -- not in phase) -Has many wavelengths (due to many colors) -All different colors vibrating all different directions
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Monochromatic Light
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-Only 1 wavelength -One color -not in phase
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Coherent Light
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-One wavelength - one color -All waves in phase -All line up
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Lasers put out what type of light beam?
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Coherent Light Beams
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Modern lasers are gases made by:
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Helium and Neon
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If the electric field is pointing up or down:
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It is vertically polarized
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If electric field goes right or left:
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It is horizontally polarized
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An electric field going every which way is:
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Unpolarized
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Most light is unpolarized, Examples include:
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Sunlight, light bulbs, candle flames
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Polarizers:
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Passes one direction of polarized light and then absorbs the other
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Horizontal Polarizer: (Miniblinds)
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Allows horizontal vibrations right through, but absorbs or blocks vertical
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Vertical Polarizer: (Picket Fence)
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Allows vertical vibrations and blocks all others
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If vertical and horizontal polarizers are crossed?
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It goes black (remember example on projector with sunglasses)
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Horizontal + Horizontal polarizers =
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Reduced light
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Horizontal + Vertical polarizers =
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Black when two are crossed
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Glare is polarized horizontally off of road or lake. Which type of sunglasses do you need?
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Ones with vertical polarizers to get rid of glare
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Polarization by reflection
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Unpolarized light goes in and is reflected light (glare). Comes out horizontal where vertical to block out light
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The polarization coming off of lake?
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Horizontal
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What kind of glasses get rid of glare?
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glasses with vertical polarizers
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Photographers use polarized lenses (or filters) to:
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Get rid of glare
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If you are photographing a large store window, how could you remove glare?
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You could use a filter with horizontal polarization
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3D movies are filmed by 2 cameras because:
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Left and right eyes\" see different views (viewpoints)
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Blue sky is polarized at:
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90 degrees from sun
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Sky near the sun is
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Unpolarized
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Sky near the anti-solar point (180 degrees) is
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Unpolarized
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Sky at 90 degree/right angle:
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Strongly polarized
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Clouds are
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Unpolarized
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Rutherford discover the:
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Nucleus
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Fission
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1 large nucleus + 2 (or more) small nuclei + energy////A chain reaction occurs
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Fissionable materials:
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-U233 -U235 -P239
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Critical Mass
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Minimum mass needed to sustain chain reaction
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Which type of bomb was used in Hiroshima?
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U-235
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Which type of bomb was used in Nagasaki?
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PU-239
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Most common material used?
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U-238
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WWII Gaseous Diffusion (Oak Ridge, TN)
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U-235 moves faster than U-238
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WWII Magnetic Deflection (Oak Ridge, TN)
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U-235 bends more than U-238
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Modern way of making A-Bombs?
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Gas Centrifuge (U238 spins on outside while U235 build on inside) Think Parfait.
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WWII Making PU-239 (Hanford, WA)
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N + U-238 (common) > .....[series] > PU- 239
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Trinity Test: New Mexico
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Test of PU-239 Implosion Design
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Hiroshima Bomb \"little boy\"
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U-235--Gun design
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Nagasaki Bomb \"Fat man\"
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PU-239 -- Implosion design
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Breeder Reactors
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Could support USA energy supply for 30-40 years on U-235 alone 3000-4000 year on U-238
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E=mc2
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Energy released=Mass lost&Speed of light
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Fission: From every 1000g of U-235
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1g of mass disappears, turns into energy
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Fission:: Mass lost?
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0.1%
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Fusion
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2 small nuclei > 1 heavier nucleus + energy
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Hydrogen =
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Helium + energy
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H-Bomb =
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Hydrogen
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E-mc2 as it relates to sun
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1% of sun's mass will disappear and radiate away as energy
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The magenta clothes of a sage performer can be made to look black if illuminated by
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Green Light
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If you add together green light and blue light, the resulting light beam is
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Cyan
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In the course of a fusion reaction
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Mass is lost and is converted into energy
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What type of light is almost totally blocked (absorbed) by Polariod sunglasses worn in the usual way>
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Horizontally (glasses are vertically polarized)
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The \"blood-red\" sky in the painting \"The Scream\" was caused by
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Rayleigh Scattering
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Suppose that air molecules scattered red/orange light most efficiently instead of blue/violet light. What would then be the color of sunsets?
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Blue/Violet
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If you shine a green light at a rose, which pat of it will become warmer?
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The red flower
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In the uranium mines out in Utah, which is the most common in uranium ore?
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U-238
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For which one of the following does the photon have the highest frequency?
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Ultraviolet
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The glare from the surface of the lake is largely
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Horizontally polarized
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If a light beam contains waves with only one wavelength (one color, and one frequency) of light, and all the waves are exactly in phase with each other, then we say that the light beam is:
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Coherent
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For which of the following does the photon have the lowest energy?
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Infrared
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The class demonstration with a phosphorescent screen and two laser pointers (one was a red laser pointer, the other was a blue/violet laser pointer) showed that:
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Blue/violet photons could make the phosphor glow, but red photons could not
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To remove unwanted reflections in windows, the camera operator for a Hollywood movie can make intelligent use of what property of light?
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Polarization
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In the fluorescent lights on out ceiling, the blue/green cast of light comes from:
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Mercury vapor
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Suppose an element called \"X\" releases and average of 2.5 neutrons when it fissions, while an element called \"Y\" releases and average of 2.7 neutrons when it fissions. Which element would have the smaller critical mass?
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Element Y would have the smaller critical mass
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Suppose you make an object glow by illuminating it with an ultraviolet (UV) lamp. When you turn off the UV lamp, the glow from the object very slowly decays. The glow must have been caused by:
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Phosphorescence
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Polarizing filters on camera can produce beautiful cloud effects because
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Light from clouds is unpolarized, but the blue sky is polarized
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Suppose that the sun is near the western horizon and is just about to set. In which one of the parts of sky will a polarizing filter used in photography have maximum effect?
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Eastern Sky
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The process of fluorescence converts:
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Lower-energy to higher-energy radiation
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A sheet of red paper will appear black when illuminated with:
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Cyan Light
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To print color images, what colors of ink are used in most inkjet printers?
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CMY (and black)
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You look through a Polaroid filter at a street light reflected in a puddle of water in the street. The you rotate the filter to various orientations. The reflected image in the puddle appears brightest when to polarization axis of the polariod is:
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Horizontal
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You look through a Polaroid filter directly at a candle. Then you rotate the filter to various orientations. The candle will appear brightest when the polarization axis is:
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No! It will be the same brightness at all orientations
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Suppose a light source produces unpolarized light. What percentage of the original unpolarized light from the light source would be transmitted by two ideal Polariods sandwiched together with their polarization axes aligned (parallel)?
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50%
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If Iran is trying to enrich uranium bombs today, they would not be using the old methods that were used in WWII. Iran would probably be using the modern method called:
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Gas centrifuges
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The essential importance of a breeder reactor is that, as it produces power, it also converts
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U-238 to PU-239
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In WWII, gaseous diffusion separation worked because
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Molecules with U-235 move faster that molecules with U-238
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A \"neon sign\" that actually contains the element neon will appear to eye as
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Red/orange
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At the Trinity test during WWII, it was decided that is was necessary to test the
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Implosion design (the gun design was certain to work and was not tested)
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What color of light must be added to magenta light, in order to obtain white light?
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Freen light
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Yellow light can be considered to be a combination of:
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Red and green light
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What color of pigment can be mixed with cyan pigment, to obtain blue pigment
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Magenta pigment
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An important advantage of LED light bulbs is that LED lights do not contain
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Mercury
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As scuba divers know, the part of the spectrum most absorbed by water is
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infrared and red
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Which scientist is credited with the discovery of the atomic nucleus?
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Rutherford
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During WWII, fissionable material produced by the gaseous diffusion method was the element
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Uranium--used in the Hiroshima bomb, but NOT in the Trinity test or Nagasaki
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Televisions, computer screens, and large outdoor LED display signs have screens with colored dots (or colored rectangles) that are:
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Red, green, and blue
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Suppose you illuminate a magenta pigment with white light. What color does the pigment subtract (absorb) from the white light?
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Green
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The complement of red is
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cyan
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If you mix cyan pigment and yellow pigment, the result is
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green pigment
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Why do we not see stars in the daytime?
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Sunlight is Rayleigh scattered by the Earth's atmosphere
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An area of a TV screen is glowing cyan. If I view that area through a yellow filter, what color will the area appear to my eye?
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Green
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A yellow sheet of paper, illuminated by magenta light, appears
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red
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In the class demonstration that involved turning off the room lights, shining a black light (UV), and making rocks and crayons glow with bright colors, we were demonstrating
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Fluorescense
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