Physical Science ch 10 (Nuclear Physics) – Flashcards
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Each element has a definite number of_________
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Protons
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Number of protons equals________
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Atomic number
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Element with a different number of neutron__________
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Isotope
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Adding _______ and __________ equals the atomic mass
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Protons and neutrons
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Protons and neutrons are both called_________
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Nucleons
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Why cant the proton amount be changed in an element?
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The proton number determines the element
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_______ are created when the number of electrons vary
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Ions
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Force that holds protons and neutrons together
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Strong nuclear force
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How are positive and negative ions made?
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Decrease or increase of electrons respectively
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Which part of the atom makes up the most mass? Why?
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Nucleus- each particle in it is about 2000 times more massive than an electron
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Why is the electron's mass not counted when counted the atomic mass?
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The protons and neutrons are about 2000 times more massive than them
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Who discovered the electron?
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J J Thomson
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Who discovered the proton/nucleus?
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Earnest Rutherford
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Who discovered the neutron?
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James Chadwick
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mass of a specific isotope
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Mass number
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Average of all isotope atomic masses
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Atomic mass
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What happens during a half-life?
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Radioactive decay
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process in which a large nuclei "splits" into two intermediate-size nuclei
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Nuclear fission
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process in which smaller nuclei combine to form larger nuclei
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Nuclear fussion
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Describe process of a parent nucleus decaying into daughter material
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Parent nucleus's bonds weaken and some nucleons split off, creating a "daughter" nucleus. During a half-life
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device used to detect radiation (click click)
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Geiger counter
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After what atomic number does the nucleus become unstable
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