Physical Science 2 Final Exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
An Alpha particle is really a high energy electron ejected from the nucleus. (True or False)
answer
false
question
When 40 K 19 undergoes a beta decay, the product is 40 Ar 18. (True or False)
answer
false
question
Isotopes with an even number of both protons and neutrons are generally stabe. (True or False)
answer
true
question
Airline crews receive roughly three times the background radiation of those of us who spend most of our time on the ground. (True or False)
answer
true
question
This type of radiation is really the nucleus of a helium atom?
answer
alpha
question
Suppose you start off with 500g of a substance X. After 3 days, 125 g of substance X remains. The half life of X is?
answer
1.5 days
question
The amount of radiation we are naturally exposed to during a year is nearly?
answer
0.150 rem
question
A Geiger counter measures radiation indirectly by measuring?
answer
electrons released by ionization
question
When an isotope releases gamma radiation, the atomic number?
answer
and mass number remain the same
question
Reactor control rods are made of a substance that?
answer
absorbs neutrons
question
A measure of radiation received that considers the biological effect resulting from the radiation is the?
answer
rem
question
All of the naturally occurring elements decay end when the elements have changed to?
answer
lead
question
The source of energy from the sun is?
answer
fusion
question
The type of decay that is most penetrating, but has no mass is the?
answer
gamma
question
A high speed electron ejected from the nucleus is called?
answer
beta particle
question
Which of the following is most likely to be radioactive?
answer
nuclei with an odd number of protons and neutrons
question
An atom of radon-222 loses an alpha particle to become a more stable atom of?
answer
polonium
question
In all power plants the ___ turns the generator?
answer
turbine
question
Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?
answer
gamma
question
When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less?
answer
charge and mass
question
Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from?
answer
the natural environment
question
When radium (A=88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has an atomic number of?
answer
86
question
When thorium (A=90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has an atomic number of?
answer
91
question
Radioactivity in the world is something...
answer
as old as the world itself
question
It's possible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle. (True or False)
answer
true
question
In the fissioning of uranium, a chain reaction is caused by?
answer
ejected neutrons
question
In both fission and fusion, mass?
answer
is changed to the form of kinetic eergy
question
Energy released by the sun results from the process when hydrogen atoms?
answer
combine
question
The temperatures required for nuclear fusion are?
answer
extremely high
question
When U-238 emits an alpha particle, the nucleus left behind has?
answer
90 protons
question
When U-239 emits a beta particle, the nucleus left behind has?
answer
93 protons
question
In a nuclear power plant, the steam heated by nuclear fission?
answer
turns the turbine
question
A light year is a measure of astronomical distance. (True or False)
answer
true
question
A proto star is an accumulation of gases in outer space that will become a star. (True or False)
answer
true
question
Polaris, the polar star, is on the end of the handle of the big dipper. (True or False)
answer
false
question
The greater the apparent star, the brighter the star. (True or False)
answer
false
question
More massive stars tend to use up their supply of hydrogen more rapidly than less massive stars. (True or False)
answer
true
question
When a massive star exhausts its supply of hydrogen fuel, it becomes a supernova. (True or False)
answer
false
question
Red giants are enormously bright because they're extremely hot. (True or False)
answer
false
question
Which of the following star colors has the highest temperature?
answer
blue
question
How old is the universe?
answer
13.7 billion years
question
The difference in brightness between two stars is related to?
answer
all of these
question
The expected life span of a star the size of the sun is?
answer
10 billion years
question
Compared to a star like the sun, a blue white star?
answer
has a higher surface temperature
question
The eventual fate of our sun is to become a?
answer
white dwarf
question
The milky way galaxy is?
answer
spiral
question
Compared to a magnitude 1 star, a star with a magnitude of 2 is?
answer
less than one tenth as bright
question
In which part of a newborn star does the fusion reaction occur?
answer
the core
question
The sun has hundreds of times more mass that all the rest of the solar system. (True or False)
answer
true
question
Venus, the sister planet to the earth, has an atmosphere whose composition is similar to that of earth. (True or False)
answer
false
question
The density of planet Saturn is so low that it would never float in water. (True or False)
answer
true
question
A comet's tail always trails behind it throughout its journey through the solar system. (True or False)
answer
true
question
An asteroids forming a belt between orbits of Mars and Jupiter were prevented from forming a planet by the strong gravitational field of Jupiter. (True or False)
answer
true
question
Which planets have no moons?
answer
Mercury and Venus
question
The earth, other planets, and the rest of the solar system formed?
answer
billions of years ago from elements created in many previously existing stars
question
Which planet has its axis of rotation tilted so much that it appears to rotate on its side?
answer
Uranus
question
Most of the mass of the solar system is found in the?
answer
sun
question
The atmosphere of Venus is predominantly?
answer
carbon dioxide
question
Which of the following about Jupiter is not true?
answer
Because Jupiter is mostly hydrogen, its only slightly more massive than the earth.
question
Which of the following planets does not belong with the others?
answer
Jupiter
question
The average temperature of the earth is slightly lower in January because then the earth is at its greatest distance from the sun. (True or False)
answer
false
question
A person traveling westward across the international date line gains a day. (True or False)
answer
true
question
The finding of the Apollo space missions to the moon support the idea that the moon formed from the impact of the earth with a very large object. (True or False)
answer
true
question
During which month of the year does the earth receive the most average energy from the sun?
answer
January
question
The fact that there are seasons on the earth is largely due to?
answer
the tilt of the earth's axis
question
Evidence that the earth is rotating is provided by?
answer
the motion of a pendulum
question
We always see the same side of the moon because?
answer
the moon's periods of rotation and revolution are the same
question
Which face of the moon can we see during a solar eclipse?
answer
new
question
If you were flying a jet across three time zones and your watch read 12 noon when you landed, you should set it to?
answer
3pm
question
A lunar eclipse can only occur during what phase of the moon?
answer
full
question
The temperature of the surface of Venus is hot enough to melt lead. (True or False)
answer
true
question
It is impossible to theorize about the formation of the solar system because no other planetary systems can be observed. (True or False)
answer
false
question
Photographs of the surface of mars provides evidence that liquid water once flowed on its surface. (True or False)
answer
true
question
Which of the following statements about the length of the planets day is true?
answer
none of these are true
question
Which of the following is true about the surface of Mars?
answer
It is much too cold for liquid water to exist
question
For the last 3 billion years the surface of the moon has been?
answer
relatively quiet
question
Most of the earth's mass is contained in the?
answer
inner core
question
The principle components of the earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and..?
answer
argon
question
The theory that explains the widening of the ocean is called?
answer
sea-floor spreading
question
The lower layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs is called the?
answer
troposphere
question
The tectonic plates include Euroasian, African, North American, South American, and?
answer
pacific
question
The moon's light is from the?
answer
sun
question
The phases of the moon last night was between new and 1st quarter. it is called?
answer
crescent
question
The tides are caused by the gravitation pull of the ___ on earth?
answer
moon
question
The phases of the moon depend on where the ___ is located?
answer
all of these
question
The science of what matter is made of and how it changes?
answer
chemistry
question
Matter
answer
anything that has mass and volume
question
Element
answer
substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance
question
Atom
answer
the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like that substance
question
Example of a gas-liquid mixture
answer
carbonated drink
question
All changes of state in matter require what?
answer
energy
question
The Law of Conservation of Mass
answer
mass cannot be created or destroyed
question
These tell you how something will react with other substances
answer
chemical property
question
The amount of matter in a substance
answer
mass
question
The amount of space a substance takes up
answer
volume
question
Solution
answer
homogeneous mixture
question
Three different states of the same homogeneous substance
answer
water ice and steam
question
Pure Substances
answer
elements and compouds
question
Physical intensive property
answer
any physical property other than length
question
Physical extensive property
answer
length of a substance
question
Chemical property
answer
properties due to a reaction
question
Milikan
answer
oil drop experiment (charge of electron)
question
Rutherford
answer
Gold foil (nucleus) mostly empty space (matter)
question
Thomson
answer
electron charge to mass
question
Democratis
answer
atom
question
Lavoisier
answer
Law of conservation of mass
question
Not a part of Dalton's theory
answer
isotopes of the same elements have different masses
question
Atoms have no charge because...?
answer
have an equal number of protons and electrons
question
Atomic Nucleus
answer
made up of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge
question
The mass of the proton is...
answer
more than the mass of an electron
question
A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances. (true or false)
answer
false
question
When no more of a solute will dissolve in a solvent, the solution is saturated. (true or false)
answer
true
question
The solubility of a gas in water decreases as the water temperature increases. (true or false)
answer
true
question
The presence of a solute molecules makes a solution freeze at a lower temperature than a pure solvent. (true or false)
answer
true
question
Hydrogen bonding in water accounts for...
answer
all of these
question
Polar compounds such as alcohol would be expected to be...
answer
more soluble in water than in non-polar solvents
question
Water solutions of ionic substances that conduct electricity are
answer
electrolytes
question
Basic solution
answer
feel slippery
question
Acidic solutions
answer
all of these are true
question
A bottle of whiskey contains 40% alcohol by volume. This means whiskey contains 40 mL of alcohol in every
answer
100mL of whiskey
question
When a solvent is cooled, It will dissolve?
answer
more gas
question
A hydrogen bond is
answer
a force between a hydrogen atom of one polar and another polar molecule
question
In liquid solutions, the solute could be...
answer
a solid liquid or gas
question
a solution with a pH of 2
answer
is one tenth as acidic as a solution with the pH of 1
question
What do solutions of acids, bases, and salts all have in common?
answer
They are electrolytes
question
Which of the following will conduct an electric current?
answer
a water solution of an ionic compound
question
Which would have a pH of more than 7?
answer
sodium hydroxide solution
question
When a solution of an acid and a base are mixed together...
answer
all of these are true
question
soap can dissolve in grease because
answer
it has a non polar and polar end
question
a chemical reaction is balanced by changing the
answer
coefficients
