Photography Terms Pin Hole Camera
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Developer
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A chemical solution used to make the latent image appear visible. Separate developers exist for paper and film.
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Fixer
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A solution that makes film or paper insensitive to further light exposure by dissolving any remaining silver particles. It makes the image permanent. If the paper or film is not fixed properly, the film/paper will turn purple.
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Hypo-Check
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The liquid used to test fixer. A drop of hypo-check is put into a glass of fixer and if the fixer turns cloudy then you need new fixer, if the fixer doesn't change your fixer is good to go.
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Stop Bath
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An acidic chemical that neutralizes the developer.
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Photogram
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Literally means light record. An image made by placing objects on a piece of photo paper and exposing it to light.
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Developed-Out Photograms
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Photograms that use developer to make their image appear.
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Printed-Out Photograms
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Photograms that rely simply on light to make the image appear.
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Fog
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Darkening or discoloring of a negative or print caused by accidental light exposure or unwanted chemical activity.
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Highlights
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The brightest areas on a print and the darkest areas on a negative.
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Image
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The visual result of the exposure and development of a photographic emuslion.
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Latent Image
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The image that is invisible before the exposed photo paper is placed in the developer.
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Negative
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Any photographic image in which the tones have been reversed.
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Open
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Given more light. Applies to both a camera or enlarger. The opposite is closed.
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Overexposure
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When a photo is exposed to much light. The result is a dark negative.
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Positive
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An image in which the tones are closer to reality. The opposite of your negative image.
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Print
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A image on photo paper.
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Stop
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A setting on a lens. One stop = double or half the amount of light.
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Underexposed
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Exposing prints to not enough light. The result is a light negative.
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Shadow
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The area on a print and the lightest on film.
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Aperture
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The opening in a lens through which light passes. It is usually expressed as a fraction that is F/Stop on enlargers/cameras.
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Pinhole Camera
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A camera that has a pinhole and no lens thus is never in sharp focus. Benefit of a pinhole image is that it will be clear from inches to infinity. The variables of exposure are distance to hole, light, and time. The image in the camera appears in the camera upisde down and backwards.
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Shutter
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The device that opens and closes to admit light to the film or paper.
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Focal Length
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The distance from the lens to a point behind the lens.
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Normal Lens
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An lens whose focal length is approximately equal to the diagonal measuremnt of the film being exposed through it. 50mm for 35mm film. Pinhole camera.
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Telephoto Lens
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A lens whose focal length is longer than the diagonal measurement of the film. Objects will appear farther than they really are. Also long lens.
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Double Exposure
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Recording to separate images on a single negative or print. To make you expose your paper to one object for half the exposure time and then expose it to another object for the second half of the exposure.
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Ghost
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A picture that uses a slow shutter to catch objects in motion. To make you expose your object/person for half of the exposure time and then move the object or have the person step out of the photo for the second half of the exposure time.
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Portrait
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A picture of a person.
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Self Portrait
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A picture of yourself.
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Scale Trick
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Placing an object in the foreground to make them appear larger or placing an object in the background to make appear smaller.
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Calotype
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A photographic process employing a negative image to make a positive image. Invented by William Fox Tablot around 1840.
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Camera Obscura
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Latin for Dark Chamber. The ancestor of the camera. Early painters used it as an aid to painting.
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Carte de Vistas
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A postcard. A small image that was sent around in the 1860's. People often collected them in albums.
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Cliche Vere
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A way to produce multiple prints of one image. Orginally made by smoking glass and then drawing out the image with a needle.
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Collodin (Collodion)
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A transparent, syrupy liquid poured onto a piece of glass, used in the wet plate process. Described by FRedrick Scott Archer in 1851.
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Daguerreotype
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The first practical photographic process invented by Daguerre and escribed by him in 1839. The
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Stereograph
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A pair of photographs that when seen in stereo-view appear 3D. Cha Cha technique.
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Cropping
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(Crop) Selective use of portion of an image
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DPI
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Dots per inch, a measure of the resolution of a digital image as well as a printer or scanner. Also known PPI, pixels per inch.
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Resolution
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Amount of data (DPI) 300 minimum when printing and 800 minimum when scanning.
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Scan
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Process of turning prints into digital images. Place face down on the scanner.
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Matt
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A rectangle with an opening over the print to create a frame. The sides and top are equal but the bottom is larger.
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Dry Mounting
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A method of mounting prints on cardboard by means of heat and a tissue impregnated with shellac.
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Tack Iron
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A small heated tool used to melt adhesive used to partially attach a print to a backing. Looks like a small iron attached to handle.
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Glossy
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Used to describe paper with a smooth surface. Opposite is matt.
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Matte
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Paper that is dull, non reflective. Opposite is glossy.
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Paper Safe
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A light tight box that keeps the paper inside safe from light and being exposed.
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RC
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Resin coated. Paper coated with plastic that allows shorter processing times, washing, and drying than fiber-based papers.
