Philosophy 2/24-1

Lover and a thinker

Does god exist? What is the meaning of life? What is the relationship between mind and body? What happens when we die? Who am I? What is right and wrong? How can we know anything?

Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logic, Ethics

The philosophical study of art and the value of judgement about art

Metaphysics

Philosophical questions are simply semantic disputes in which no one opinion is better or worse than another

Giving a reason for belief

Argumentum ad hominum

False dilemma

Straw man

The premises must be acceptable and must logically support the conclusion

Being

Knowledge

The Malaysians

Everything is in accordance with numbers

Change

One and unchanging

Love and strife

He introduced philosophy to Athens, and he distinction between mind and matter

Distinguished between atomic properties and relational properties

The experienced world is a manifestation of a more fundamental underlying reality

He wanted to discover adequate definitions that would give knowledge to the essential nature of things

In a separate immaterial realm

By reason

The senses are source of error, illusion, and ignorance

Knowledge, love becoming, and the theory of forms

Aware of his own ignorance

Apoloy, The Republic, and Meno

Metaphysics

Weight

3

Metaphysics, poetics, and nicomoucein ethics

A specific form in a particular matter

Where it came from

To say what a thing is

It is movement from potentially to actuality

Was the property of being red

A logical fallacy

Apicuirism

The highest reality i one the indescribable god

Nothing can be known

A proposition of contradictory opposite cannot be true at the same time

When we are in doubt we at least know exist as a doubter

She asserted they are part of life and a means of testing implications of platonic and neo-platonic metaphysics and epistomology

Stated philosophy is based on reason while theology is based on faith and revolution

a physical thing is matter plus form

Was the essence of a thin is the same as its existence

Asserted that the soul is a direct creation of god

Truth

I thin therefore I am

All psychological states derived from perception

God is an eternal creator

Monodology

A mode of god and nature

He believed the minds and bodes are aspects of infinite substance

He asserted knowledge of external world is based on the fact that some of the ideas we get through sense impressions which represent how things are in the world

There are no unperceived tables and chairs

God also percieves them that’s why they continue to exist

Sense impressions

Hume saw it as a sequence of perceptions

Asserted, we can never observe connection between events

It is because we never know whether or not the future will be like the past

The application of organizating principles of mind to sense impressions

It is because there are no preconditions of experience based on minds own organizing principles

Is the world it really is independent of our experince of it

He said because the organizing principles of mind do not apply to them

All reality is knowable

Stated that the infinite thought of thinking itself

continental philosophy

Metaphysics can reveal the reason and purpose of life

Rebel against absurd

There is no god

It was taking responsibility for choices we make

Kant’s distinction between phenomenal and noumenal worlds

Is there any reason not to commit suicide

Logic, Espitemology, Metaphysics, and Ethics

Theory of Forms: What is truly real is not objects we encounter in sensory experience but rather forms and these can only be grasped intellectually Theory of Knowledge: He was convinced that ethical conduct must be founded on knowledge, and that knowledge must be knowledge of eternal values which are not subject to the shifting and changing impressions of senses or of subjective opinion, but are the same for all men and for peoples of all ages. Theory of love ad becoming: Love is meant to be force that brings all things together and beautiful

Switching the burden of proof, Begging the Question, Argumentum ad hominem, Straw man, False dilemma, appeal to emotion, and red herring

Formal cause (what is a thing), Material cause (what is it made of), Efficient cause (what made it), Final cause (What purpose does it serve)

Plato asserted that what ties two circular coins together, what they have in common, is the form of circularity

1 Vegetative soul (the source of nourishment and reproduction) 2 Animal soul (the basis of sensation as well as the ability to move) 3 Soul is nous (intelligent or spiritual soul)

Aristotle assumed that the ways in which we think is about reality represents the way reality is

The theory that certain knowledge is impossible. Heraclitus, Cratylus, Xenophanes, and Socrates

Realism, Nominalism, and idealism

This view holds that what exists is either physical or mental, some things such as a human person have both a physical component, add a mental component

The theory that only physical entities exist and so cale mental things are manifestations of an underlying physical reality

This view holds that only the mental or spiritual exists

I think therefore I am

There are two parallel and coordinated series of events one mental and the other physical. Interaction between mind and body

1. Every claim that something exists 2. Claims can be established only by observation or by casual inference ( you can tell if a car’s engine is knocking) 3. Though, knowledge, belief, conception, and judgement each consists in having ideas 4. All ideas are derived from and are copies of impressions of sense or feelings that is perception

Theory of perception: Analytic: all bachelors are unmarried Synthetic: All bachelors are happy

Kant saw it as possible to act on reason alone, and whether or not a person acted morally depended on whether they acted on reason alone

How an individual can find an authentic existence in this world in which there is no ultimate reason why things happen one way and not another

A psychological theory and therapeutic method developed by Sgimund Freud

Judgments, Quantity, Quality, Relationships, Place, Time, Posture, Constitutions, Passivity, and Activity