question

Which of the following describes the process in which one adopts patterns of behavior that lead to greater life satisfaction?

answer

Wellness

question

Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health?

answer

employment status

question

According to the ecological model of health and wellness, which of the following is a factor in a person's natural physical environment

answer

air quality

question

Which of the following best demonstrates an ecological model of health and wellness?

answer

being aware of hereditary risks and avoiding unhealthy environments and behaviors

question

Which of the following statements about cells and genes is FALSE?

answer

The sequencing of bases within a gene is of little significance

question

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, includes which of the following?

answer

four bases

question

When a change occurs in a gene, it is called

answer

a mutation

question

Alternative forms of the same gene are called

answer

alleles

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding family health trees?

answer

Basic information for each relative in the family health tree includes date of birth, major diseases, age, and cause of death

question

What information found in a family health tree indicates that a disease might have a genetic link?

answer

a family member with multiple cancer

question

Genetic disorders caused by multiple genes interacting with the environment are called

answer

multifactorial

question

Heart disease is an example of a multifactorial illness. Which of the following does NOT support this statement?

answer

Random error in the formation of ovum or sperm causes heart disease.

question

What is the main purpose of creating a family health tree

answer

to discover your personal health risks and strengths

question

The Stages of Change Model of health behavior change emphasizes that

answer

change happens as a process

question

The aspect of personal health that is most within your control is

answer

lifestyle

question

Adam's sister lectures him daily about the threat his smoking poses to his health. She argues that, if he quits, he would improve both his health and his athletic performance. Adam knows his sister is right, but according to the Stages of Change Model, he will actually quit smoking when he reaches the

answer

action stage

question

Mackenzie resolves to start exercising three times a week when her membership at a local gym begins, in two weeks. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model is Mackenzie operating?

answer

preparation

question

In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model does an individual intend to change a specific health behavior within the next six months

answer

contemplation

question

Which of the following statements best illustrates a sense of self-efficacy

answer

I can do it

question

Which of the following best illustrates a SMART goal

answer

I will eat my meals on time and limit myself to one snack daily.

question

Which of the following best illustrates an action step?

answer

Beginning next week, I will work out three days a week.

question

The basic definition of health literacy refers to one's ability

answer

obtain and successfully use health information.

question

Which of the following statements about health risks is FALSE?

answer

All health risks can be avoided

question

The purpose of making a clinical study double-blind is to

answer

reduce researcher bias

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning medical research studies?

answer

Clinical studies attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

question

Of the following, the best type of website on which to research health issues is one that is sponsored by

answer

an educational institution

question

One of the hallmarks of community health promotion is its emphasis on improving

answer

common health-related resources.

question

Which of the following best illustrates a public health measure?

answer

preventing the spread of disease-carrying insects

question

What is the major goal of primary disease-prevention efforts

answer

Inhibit the development of diseases

question

Which of the following is NOT a specific national health objective of Healthy People 2020?

answer

Focus on promoting health for older individuals.

question

Healthy People 2020 places increased emphasis on "health determinants," which

answer

include both social and environmental determinants

question

In 2010 approximately ________ percent of the U.S. population were members of racial or ethnic minority groups

answer

28

question

In general, what can American ethnic minority populations expect concerning their health, as compared to the general population

answer

higher rates of cancer, infant mortality, and alcoholism

question

The term _______ is generally defined as the process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health and life satisfaction

answer

Wellness

question

The WHO defined ________ in 1947 as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

answer

Health

question

The dimensions of wellness include the physical, the emotional, the intellectual, the spiritual, the interpersonal or social, the environmental, and the _______.

answer

occupational

question

The ________ model of health and wellness addresses the interrelationships between individuals and their environment.

answer

Ecological

question

Your health is affected by your ________ physical environment (including schools, sanitation, and transportation) and your natural physical environment (such as air and water quality).

answer

built

question

External environmental conditions that can be altered by social and health policies and programs are known as the social ________ of health.

answer

determinants

question

The series of four bases arranged to form a distinct message, located at a precise point along a chromosome, is called a(n) ________.

answer

Gene

question

The tightly-coiled molecule within the nucleus of a cell that contains an entire set of genetic instructions is called deoxyribonucleic acid, or ________.

answer

DNA

question

The two chains that DNA consists of are joined in a double ________ structure.

answer

Helix

question

Of our 23_______ pairs, 22 are the same for men and women.

answer

chromosomes

question

Females have two ________ chromosomes; males have only one.

answer

X

question

Changes that occur during the process of parents passing genes to their children are called ________.

answer

mutation

question

A single-gene _________, such as whether earlobes are detached or attached, is determined by either a dominant or a recessive gene

answer

Traits

question

A mutated gene that is not expressed when paired with a healthy gene is called ________.

answer

Recessive

question

A health condition caused by interactions among one or more genes and the environment is called a(n) ________ disorder.

answer

multifactorial

question

An illustration of an individual's family genetic history is commonly referred to as a family health ________.

answer

Tree

question

The ________ Model of behavior change uses the constructs of perceived susceptibility, seriousness of consequences, benefits of action, and barriers to action.

answer

health belief

question

The Transtheoretical Model is also referred to as the ________ Model.

answer

stages of change

question

The process of change is more like a(n) ________ than a linear progression.

answer

spiral

question

In the Transtheoretical Model, a person in the ________ stage intends to change a specific health behavior within the next six months

answer

contemplation

question

In the Transtheoretical Model, a sixth stage called ________ occurs when the new behavior is firmly entrenched in a person's lifestyle.

answer

Termination

question

The term ________ refers to an internal state in which a person feels competent to perform a task.

answer

Self-efficacy

question

Signing a(n) ________ change contract is one of the most effective strategies for change.

answer

behavior

question

The ________ People Initiative sets national health objectives aimed at improving the quality of life for all Americans.

answer

healthy

question

The sense of identity that individuals draw from a common ancestry, as well as a common national, religious, tribal, language, or cultural origin, is referred to as ________.

answer

Ethnicity

question

The text uses the term ________ to mean a shared pattern of values, beliefs, language, and customs within a group.

answer

culture

question

The more accurate way to view race is as a(n) ________ category, rather than a biological one.

answer

social

question

Most ethnic and racial minority populations in the U.S. have significantly higher ________ risk factors, such as high-fat diets, lack of exercise, and more exposure to environmental toxins.

answer

Lifestyle

question

The approach to psychological research that, instead of studying mental illness, studies such things as happiness, character strengths, and healthy emotions is called

answer

positive psychology.

question

Research on positive psychology has led scientists to identify six virtues that "enable human thriving." One of these is

answer

temperance

question

The highest level of Maslow's needs hierarchy is characterized by

answer

a state of transcendence and well-being

question

The basic premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is that people will pursue their highest potential when

answer

their basic needs are met

question

In the hierarchy of needs pyramid, the order of human needs progresses as follows:

answer

physiological needs; safety and security; love and belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization.

question

Which of the following is most strongly associated with better mental health

answer

optimism

question

Which type of intelligence involves self-awareness and sensitivity to others?

answer

emotional

question

Mentally healthy people tend to have

answer

high self-esteem

question

Which of the following is a key to reducing stress and leading a mentally healthy life?

answer

social support

question

You are demonstrating a sense of self-efficacy when you believe you are

answer

in control of your circumstances

question

The ability to bounce back from an adverse event is known

answer

resilience

question

Your brain is not fully developed until you reach your

answer

early twenties

question

A person suffering from depression commonly experiences

answer

fatigue

question

Jorge has always been a top student, but for the past couple of months he no longer enjoys school and can't concentrate, so his grades are far lower than they could be. With which of the following conditions is Jorge most likely to be diagnosed?

answer

major depressive disorder

question

Jenna sometimes "shops till she drops," meaning she shops on an exhilarating high until she crashes into a major depressive episode. Jenna's behavior is most common to which disorder?

answer

bipolar

question

Geoff showers four or five times during the course of a day and washes his hands almost every time he touches something. Geoff's behavior most closely resembles symptoms of

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?

answer

Brain scanning technologies reveal abnormalities in the brains of people with schizophrenia.

question

Scott, age 24, has withdrawn from most social contact and stopped dressing appropriately. When you speak with him, his conversation tends to make no sense. Of the following options, Scott is most likely to be diagnosed with

answer

schizophrenia

question

According to the spring 2012 National College Health Assessment, ________ percent of college students seriously considered suicide in the past year.

answer

7

question

Which of the following is a warning sign or event that often precedes a suicide attempt?

answer

social isolation

question

When a person with a physiological dependence on a substance needs higher and higher doses to achieve a high, that person is experiencing the characteristic signs

answer

tolerance

question

Which part of the brain activates the stress response?

answer

cerebral cortex

question

The stress response is a series of ________ that occur in the face of a threat

answer

physiological changes

question

Which system controls our involuntary, unconscious actions

answer

autonomic nervous system

question

Of the following bodily changes, which is associated with the stress response?

answer

increased metabolism

question

Selye proposed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model to

answer

how organisms respond physiologically to stressors

question

The ________ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by a reduction in immune system functioning that will be temporary if the stress is over quickly.

answer

alarm

question

The body can no longer keep up with the demands of the stressor in the ________ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome

answer

exhaustion

question

Long-term exposure to stress can damage the cardiovascular system by causing

answer

chronic high blood pressure

question

Iraq war veteran Mallory was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder based on the fact that her symptoms were

answer

not apparent until a year after she returned home

question

In which of the following would a response to a stressor continue for a longer period than would normally be expected?

answer

adjustment disorder

question

An achievement orientation is associated with which personality type?

answer

Type A

question

Which of the following personality types describes people who are impulsive, need to get things done quickly, and live their lives on a time schedule

answer

Type A

question

Among Type A individuals, the trait that appears to be most harmful to health is

answer

hostility

question

Kristi's friends all describe her as cool and not easily frustrated. Kristi most likely has which type of personality type?

answer

Type B

question

Which of the following statements displays "hardiness

answer

"My new professor is difficult, but I know that if I work hard enough I'll learn a lot from her."

question

________ is a style of coping with stress that features a positive outlook, a sense of commitment, and a sense of control.

answer

Hardiness

question

Holmes and Rahe created the Social Readjustment Scale to measure a person's

answer

risk of developing stress-related illnesses

question

Daily hassles, such as arguments and car problems, can cause health problems when

answer

you don't have a period of recovery.

question

Based on one survey of college students, approximately ________ percent feel that stress has affected their academic performance.

answer

30

question

During times of high stress, college students tend

answer

overeat or eat unhealthy "comfort" foods

question

The concept central to ________ is to calm the mind, cleanse the body, and raise awareness through activities involving posture, breathing, and body and mind awareness.

answer

yoga

question

________ are positive thoughts that one can write down or say to oneself to balance negative thoughts

answer

Affirmations

question

Gathering of information about your heart rate, breathing, and skin temperature in order to recognize stress response symptoms is a technique referred to as

answer

biofeedback

question

The concept central to ________ is to promote the flow of life energy throughout the body

answer

t'ai chi

question

According to Kübler-Ross, when a person believes he or she is in the process of dying, he/she passes through five stages. Which of the following is the linear order originally presented by Kübler-Ross?

answer

denial and isolation; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance

question

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of grief

answer

eustress

question

Kathleen's brother passed away six months ago. Recently, Kathleen has been imagining herself having conversations with her brother as if he were still alive. What phase of bereavement is she most likely experiencing?

answer

separation

question

It's been two years since Frank's mother passed away but he still finds that he has trouble concentrating on anything for too long and often feels tired. What phase of bereavement is Frank most likely experiencing?

answer

disorganization

question

Which of the following is recommended for someone who has just lost a loved one

answer

Eat well, exercise, and get plenty of rest

question

Bereavement typically involves four phases. Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases?

answer

depression

question

The psychological, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual aspects of our lives are known as our ________ health.

answer

mental

question

Goleman's term for a person's social competence, self-control, empathy, and motivation is ________ intelligence

answer

emotional

question

The ability to bounce back from a negative event is called ________.

answer

resilience

question

Someone who tends to view problems as temporary and specific can be said to have a(n) ________ explanatory style.

answer

optimistic

question

If you possess self ________, meaning you believe you have some control over a situation, you are much more likely to be successful.

answer

efficacy

question

Depressive and bipolar disorders are classified as ________ disorders.

answer

mood

question

Major depressive disorder is characterized by the experience of one or more episodes of depression lasting at least two ________.

answer

weeks

question

The occurrence of manic episodes that alternate with depressive episodes is called ________ disorder

answer

bipolar

question

Palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, and/or chest pain typify the reaction known as a(n) ________.

answer

panic attack

question

________ is the dependence on a substance or behavior.

answer

addiction

question

A specific ________ is an intense fear of an activity, situation, or object.

answer

phobia

question

The most significant features of ________ disorder are intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause intense anxiety or distress.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

The severe mental disorder characterized by disorganized and disordered thinking and perceptions, bizarre ideas, hallucinations, and impaired functioning is called ____schizophrenia____.

answer

schizophrenia

question

A(n) ________ is an agent that elicits a stress reaction.

answer

stressors

question

Positive stress is also called ________.

answer

eustress

question

The ________ response, or stress response, prepares us with a burst of energy to deal with threats or danger.

answer

fight-or-flight

question

Stress may be defined as any challenge to the body's systems that challenges the body's ability to stay in balance, a condition called ________.

answer

homeostasis

question

During the fight-or-flight response, the ________ branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for initiating a series of changes in the body, such as increasing heart rate.

answer

sympathetic

question

The ________ glands release the hormones cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

answer

adrenal

question

Another name for adrenaline is ________.

answer

epinephrine

question

The turning-off of the body's response to stress is called the ________ response.

answer

relaxation

question

The stress response itself can become damaging when people live in a state of ________ stress.

answer

chronic

question

Selye's model for the physiological changes associated with the stress response is called the ________ (GAS).

answer

General Adaptation Syndrome

question

People who tend to be impulsive, who need to get things done quickly, and who are sometimes considered hostile, competitive, or impatient, are Type ________ individuals.

answer

A

question

Some people display a great deal of ________, which is defined as an ongoing accumulation of anger and irritation.

answer

hostility

question

The visualization technique for stress reduction that uses relaxing images to bring about a relaxation response is called ________, or visualization.

answer

guided imagery

question

The ancient Hindu practice of ________ includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual components.

answer

yoga

question

According to Kübler-Ross, the second stage that individuals pass through when they have been diagnosed with a terminal illness is ________.

answer

Anger

question

In Kübler-Ross's view, the last stage people go through when they believe they are dying is ________.

answer

acceptance

question

The second stage people go through after the loss of a loved one is ________.

answer

separation

question

Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep later in the evening and to wake up earlier in the morning than older adults.

answer

True

question

Restoration and growth take place during the deepest sleep stages.

answer

TRUE

question

A well-rested person will fall asleep as soon as his or her head hits the pillow at night, and a sleep deprived person will need 15 to 20 minutes to fall asleep.

answer

TRUE

question

Sleeping one hour less than your body needs each night for a week feels to your body like staying up all night

answer

TRUE

question

Attempting to cancel out sleep debt by sleeping longer on the weekend is a viable solution to decreasing weekday sleep deprivation

answer

FALSE

question

Melatonin is naturally secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness; it lowers body temperature and causes drowsiness

answer

FALSE

question

Over the course of a night, an individual spends more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep

answer

FALSE

question

If a person is awakened during stage 1 of NREM sleep, he or she will often deny having been asleep

answer

TRUE

question

Most of an individual's deep sleep takes place in the first third of the night

answer

TRUE

question

Although dreams may occur in all stages of sleep, they generally happen in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep

answer

FALSE

question

When dreaming, an individual has periods of no muscle tone or movement, except for eyes, diaphragm, nasal membranes, and erectile tissue

answer

TRUE

question

Memory can be impaired by missing the REM sleep periods that come later in the sleep cycle

answer

TRUE

question

Typically, an individual experiences one sleep cycle each night

answer

FALSE

question

The structure of sleep is essentially the same for men and women

answer

FALSE

question

With advancing age, people may experience a reduction in deep sleep and REM sleep, along with more NREM stage 1 sleep

answer

FALSE

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