Periodization Essay – Flashcards

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Ming China ends exploration Before: Mongols were ruling and Chinese thought they were the enemy. They were not flourishing After: Mongols were overthrown by peasant rising. Zhu Yuanzhang took control of China (named himself Emperor Hongwu). They built Grand Canal had a signifigant impact on trade and helped economy flourish. Art, lit., painting, music, poetry, and porcelain flourished. Government now run by civil service.
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1433
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Invention of the the Printing Press by Gutenberg Before: Education was limited and not many people had access to written things After Key factor for the Renaissance and more access to books more people now educated
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1440
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Ottomans capture Constantinople Before: The capital of the Byzantine Empire After: Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II on 29th May 1453. This caused the fall of the Byzantine Empire. Many fled which helped fuel the Renaissance.
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1453
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Dias' discovery of the Cape of Good Hope Before: Traveling by land to get to Asia, which was dangerous and time consuming. The land route had also been closed due to the Ottoman conquer of the Byzantine Empire After: Once Cape of Good Hope was found they took ships around the African continent. It prompted explorer Christopher Columbus to seek a new route to Asia. Making money by setting tax on the port
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1488
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Reconquista of Spain Before: Granada was a Moorish (Muslim) fortress that rose to prominence during the reign of Sultan Almoravid in the 11th century. Christian Reconquest forced Spanish Muslims south, and the kingdom of Granada was established as the last refuge of the Moorish civilization. After: Granada flourished culturally and economically for the next 200 years, but in the late 15th century internal feuds and a strengthened Spanish monarchy under Ferdinand and Isabella signaled the end of Moorish civilization in Spain.
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1492
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Voyages of Christoper Columbus Before: Europe had to go around Africa which would take a long time to get to Asia After: The discovery of the Americas. He didnt find any "riches", enslaved a lot of natives, and it cost a lot if money
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1492
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Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses Before: The Church was taking advantage of people, and taking there money this was called "indulgences" After: In his letter was excesses and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church, especially the practice of "indulgences"—for the forgiveness of sins. After the theses were wrote they were taken and translated and spread. In 1521 Pope Leo X formally excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church.
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1517
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Cortez conquers the Aztec Empire Before: The empire dominated central Mexico and by the ascendance of Montezuma II in 1502 reached Nicaragua. The empire was held together by Aztec military strength, and Montezuma II set about establishing a bureaucracy, creating provinces that would pay tribute to the imperial capital of Tenochtitlán. After: Most natives died by disease. Cortés became the ruler of a vast Mexican empire.
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1521
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada
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1588
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Qing rule in China begins
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1644
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End of the Thirty Years War
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1648
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Beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade
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1650 ish
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Rule of Peter the Great
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1682 - 1721
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Singing of the English Bill of Rights
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1689
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