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pleurodynia

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a sharph pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

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pleural effusion

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the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

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pyothorax

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the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membranes

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empyema

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refers to a collection of pus in the body

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hemothorax

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a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

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pneumothorax

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the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

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acute respiratory distress syndrome

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a lung condition usually caused by trauma, pnemonia, smoke or fumes inhaled vomit or sepsis

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sepsis

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systemic bacterial infection in the blood

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atelectasis

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aka collapsed lung, the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

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pulmonary edema

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an accumulation of fluid in lung tissue especially in the alveoli

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pulmonary embolism

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the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region

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pneumorrhagia

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bleeding from the lungs

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tuberculosis

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an infectious disease caused by myobacterium tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs, however can also affect other parts of the body

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hemoptysis

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coughing up blood

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latent

answer

present but not active

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multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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a dangerous form of tuberculosis because the germs have become resistant to the effect of the primary tb drugs

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pneumonia

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a serious inflammation of te lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

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bronchopneumonia

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a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles

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lobar pneumonia

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affects larger areas of the lungs often including one or more sections or lobes of a lung

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double pneumonia

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lobar pneumonia involving both lungs and usually bacterial

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aspiration pneumonia

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can occur when a foreign sustance such as vomit is inhaled into the lungs

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aspiration

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inhalation or dwaring a foreign sustance into the upper respiratory tract

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bacterial pneumonia

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most commonly caused by streprococcus pneumoniae

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pneumoococcal pneumoniae

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the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

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community aquired pneumonia

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type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

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hospital acquired pneumonia

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a type of pneumonia contracted during a sTAY IN THE HOSPITAL WHEN A PATIENTS DEFENSES ARE IMPAIRED

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walking pneumonia

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a milder byt longer lasting form of the disease cause by the bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae

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pneumocytosis pneumonia

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an opportunistic infection caused by the yeast like fungus pneumocytis carinii

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viral pneumonia

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can be caused by several different types of viruses accounts for one third of all pneumonia

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interstitial lung disease

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refers to a group of almost 200 disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures

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interstitial

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relating to spaces in or around a tissue or organ

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pulmonary fibrosis

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the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing

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pneumoconiosis

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any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs oafter prolonged environmental or occupational contact

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anthracosis

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coal miners pneumonoconiosis, black lung disease, caused by coal dust in lungs

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abestosis

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caused by abestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including quarrying, ceramincs, glasswork, sandblasting

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cyctic fibrosis

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a life threatening genetic disorder where the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucous

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bronchodilators

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keep airways open

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chest percussion

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therapeutic technique to remove excess muscus from the lungs

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lung cancer

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the leading cause of cancer death in the us a condition in which cancer cells from in the tissues of the lungs

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breathing disorders

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descrines abnormal changes in the rate or depth of breathing

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eupnea

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easy or normal breathing

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apnea

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the temporary absence of apontaneous respiration

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bradypnea

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abnormally slow rate of respitration

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cheyne stokes respiration

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an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiraion by slower respiration or apnea

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tachypnea

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abnormally rapid tarte of respitrationmore than 20 breaths per minute

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dyspnea

answer

aka shortness of breathe, difficult or labored breathing

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hyperpnea

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commonly associated with exertion breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal than at rest

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hypopnea

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shallow or slow respiration

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hyperventilation

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an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety

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sleep apnea

answer

a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

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obstructive sleep apnea

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caused by muscles at the back of the throat relaxing and narrowing the airways

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snoring

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a symptom of sleep apnea , noisy breathing caused by vibration oft eh soft palate

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expectoration

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the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid

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hemoptysis

answer

the expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as a result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

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airway obstruction

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commonoly known as choking, occurs when food or a feoreing object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

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anoxia

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the absence of oxygen from the bodys tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

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hypoxia

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the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the bodys tissues and organs however it is less severe than anoxia

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altitude hypoxia

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altitude sickness, condition that can be brought on by the decerased oxygen in higher altitudes

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asphyxia

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the loss of consciouness that occurs when the body cant ge th te oxygen it needs to function

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asphyxation

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state of asphyxia or suffocation

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cyanosis

answer

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen supply in the blood

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hypercapnia

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the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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hypoxemia

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the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

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respiratory failure

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a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

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smoke inhalation

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damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli adn prevent the ormal exchange of gases

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sudden infant death syndrome

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the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant

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respiratory rate

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count of the number of breaths

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respiratory sounds

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provide information about the ocndition of the lungs and pleura

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bronchoscopy

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the vusual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

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bronchoscope

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a flexible fiber optic device that is passed through the nose or mouth and down the airways

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chest x ray

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a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonialung cancer and pneumothorax

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laryngoscopy

answer

the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a laryngoscope

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indirect laryngoscopy

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a simper version of the tes tviewed by shining a light at back of soft palate

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peak flow meter

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an inexpensive handhelt device used to let patients with athma measure air flowing out of the lungs revealing the narrowing of airways before an asthma attack

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polysomnography

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aka sleep study measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects

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pulmonary function tests

answer

group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer

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spirometer

answer

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled

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pulse oximeter

answer

an external monitor plaved on the patient fingertip to measute oxygen saturation level in blood

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phlegm

answer

a thick musous secreted by the tissues lining respiratory passages

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sputum

answer

phelegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

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sputum cytology

answer

procedure where sample of mucus is coughed up and examined to detect cancer cells

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tuberculin skin testing

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a screening test from tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless anitgen

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mantoux PPD skin test

answer

considered a more accurate skin test form diagnosing tuberculosis

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antitussive

answer

aka cough medicine, administered to prevent or relieve coughing

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bronchodilator

answer

medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

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metered dose inhaler

answer

administers a specific amount of medication such as bronchodilator in aerolsol form

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nebulizer

answer

an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist which is then inhaled by the patient

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controller medicines

answer

long acting medication taken daily to prevent attacks

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quick relief

answer

TAKEN AT THE FIRST SIGN OF AN ATTACKTO DILATE THE airways and make breathing easier

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endotracheal intubation

answer

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

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functional endoscopic sinus surgery

answer

a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treaed by enlarging the opening between the nose and the sinus

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laryngectomy

answer

the surgical removal oft eh larynx

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laryngotomy

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a surgical incision into the larynx perfromed when the upper part of the airway is obstructed

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septoplasty

answer

the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum

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tracheostomy

answer

the surgical creation ofa stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary tube to facilitate breathing

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tracheotomy

answer

a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

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pneumonectomy

answer

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

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lobectomy

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the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ

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wedge resection

answer

a surgery in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed

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thoracentesis

answer

surgical puncture of the ches wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

question

thoracotomy

answer

the surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

question

video assisted throacic surgery

answer

the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions

question

thoracoscope

answer

spezialized endoscope used for treating the thorax

question

diaphragmatic breathing

answer

relaxaation technique used to relieve anxiety

question

CPAP machine

answer

treatment of sleep apnea

question

BiPAP

answer

like CPAP but can be set at higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling

question

ambu bag

answer

an emergency recucsitator used to assist in ventilation

question

ventilator

answer

a mechanjcal device for artificial respiration that is used to replace for patients natural breathing

question

supplemental oxygen

answer

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air

question

nasal cannula

answer

small tube that divides into two nasal prongs

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rebreather mask

answer

allows the exhaled breth to be partially reused

question

non rebreather mask

answer

allows higher levels of oxygen to be added to th eair taken in by the patient

question

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

answer

involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised

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