Ottoman + Safavid + Mughal Empires Unit – TEST ESSAY – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
(Ottoman) Rulers and Government
answer
*Sultans* and pashas to rule territories -Osman (founder) -Mehmmd II (conquered Constantinople - rival Byzantine Empire gone) -Suleyman the Magnificent/Lawgiver (Best ruler) -Devshirme system --> Janissaries (most loyal soldiers) -*Merit based* society (Pashas to Sultans)
question
(Safavid) Rulers and Government
answer
*Shahs* -Shah Ismail I (founder) -Shah Abbas I (Best ruler) -Autocracy -Quizelbash (most loyal soldiers) -*Merit based* society
question
(Mughal) Rulers and Government
answer
-Babur (founder) -Akbar I (best ruler) -Shah Jahan (sad) -Aurangzeb Zamindars were appointed to rule certain areas
question
(Ottoman) Role of Islam
answer
-*Sunni Muslims* -All rulers and sub-rulers were Muslims -Young Christian boys were converted to Islam (Devshirme system) -More conservative muslims arise during the empire's decline -Generally tolerant to other religions
question
(Safavid) Role of Islam
answer
-*Shia Muslims* -Enforced Islam on everyone (to unify diverse groups) -Shah Abbas - religious tolerance --> After Shah Abbas's death -->religious orthodoxy
question
(Mughal) Role of Islam
answer
-Akbar's rule: Sunni Muslim ruler with Sufi Muslim influences -Officials were Hindu -Believed every religion had some truth -ended jizya -*Very tolerant to other religions* -Hindus not required to follow Sharia Law (Muslim law) Aurangzeb's rule: -*intolerant to other religions* -enforced islamic practices on non-Muslims -reinstated jizya 0banned building of Hindu temples -enforced Sharia law on all
question
(Ottoman) Treatment of non-Muslims
answer
-Very tolerant but still had to pay jizya TOLERATION -Christians and Jews lived in separate communities *(milets)* -*Devshirme system* helped incorporate non-Muslims -*Janissaries* - well trained and most loyal soldiers
question
(Safavid) Treatment of non-Muslims
answer
-Enforced Shia branch on everyone (bc they wanted to unify the diverse) -Were little tolerant to other religions like Christianity and Judaism -After death of Shah Abbas I they became more orthodoxy and more and more less tolerant
question
(Mughal) Treatment of non-Muslims
answer
-Very tolerant since majority of empire was mainly Hinsy and has small communities of Christians and Jews -Akbar realized that in order to avoid hostility they had to be tolerant and treat all religions equally -Akbar ended Jizya -Aurangzeb - brings back jizya, destroys Hindu temples, and eventually loses most of his non-Muslim subjects
question
(Ottoman) Economy
answer
-Imported corn, potatoes, sugar, tobacco, coffee, and gunpowder weapons -Did not export as much --> *DEBT* -Collected jizya from non-Muslims -Risiting technological advancements (clerics fault)
question
(Safavid) Economy
answer
-Imported corn and potatoes -Main export - Silk and Persian rugs -Controled taxation -Capitalism economy
question
(Mughal) Economy
answer
-Main export - Cotton --->*Capitalism* (Akbar) --->*Women's role in economy* (Akbar) -Taxes would be suspended during crisis -AKBAR took away jizya AURANGZEB reinstated jizya
question
(Ottoman) Architecture
answer
-Topkapi Palace -Suleymaniye Mosque --->Showed wealth and power --->Used style from greek Orthodox churches, Roman domes, minarets --->Built after they took over Byzantine Empire
question
(Safavid) Architecture
answer
-Isfahan Royal Mosque --->Persian and Missle East style --->Arabesque (islamic art on walls) --->Tear drop dome
question
(Mughal) Architecture
answer
-Red Fort in Dehli --->Shah Jahan's massive headquarters to rule -Taj Mahal -->Built by Shah Jahan n memory of his wife (Mumtaz Muhal (obsessed with showing her beauty through architecture) --->Building it --> expensive--> drained Mughal money and didn't pay attention when his son overruled him
question
(Ottoman) Decline
answer
-Murder with Family members -Kafes where princes grow up -Conservative Muslims --->Banned printing press -Religious intolerance -Economic decline (importing more than exporting --> *DEBT*) -Rejected technology -Corruption
question
(Safavid) Decline
answer
-Religious conflicts - Shia leaders became more price which made people angry and caused revolts (religious orthodoxy) -Economic decline -Royal family members fought each other
question
(Mughal) Decline
answer
-Dumb rulers (Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb) spent too much money on buildings and wars) -Aurangzeb was intolerant to Hindus and Hindus got mad -Hindus (rajas) were so disenchanted that the agreed to be a part of Britain -Once a place was part of Britain they were sort of not part of the Mughal empire anymore
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New