question

Which of the following words BEST describes the focus of the study of human development?

answer

Change

question

The principle that human development is adaptive means

answer

It is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence

question

Change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc., would constitute which type of development?

answer

Cognitive

question

Riley doesn't want to share her new toy with the other children at preschool. Riley is struggling with her _____ development.

answer

Psychosocial

question

Division of the life span into periods is a

answer

Social Construction

question

Marcus has stopped being so demanding and waits his turn when playing with his friends. He also appears to be more interested in others instead of himself. He is probably in what developmental period?

answer

Early Childhood

question

A child born today in Iraq will have different experiences than children born in the United States or Mexico. These experiences will affect the course of development for these children because each child develops within a unique

answer

Historic and Social Context

question

A ____________ is a group of people born at the same time.

answer

Cohort

question

Cohort differences are primarily due to

answer

experiences affecting a generation

question

Kaylie is struggling to learn German in college. Her struggles provide evidence for which concept?

answer

Critical Period

question

A specific time when a given event, or the absence of that event, has the greatest impact on development is called a(n) __________ period.

answer

Critical

question

Rubella has a disastrous impact if it is contracted during the first trimester of a pregnancy, yet has hardly any impact if contracted at the end of a pregnancy. This is an example of

answer

A critical period

question

In the life span perspective, no age period dominates development. That highlights the view that development is considered to be

answer

Life Long

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate.

answer

Developmental scholars have studied occupations, but Davis & Polatajko's model is different because it examines the development of human occupations

question

IMOD stands for

answer

Interactional Model of occupational Development

question

Occupational performance changes throughout the lifespan. Occupational performance is influenced by both environments or contexts and changes in person factors and occupational demands.

answer

True

question

Because it considers both the role of the environment and person factors which may be inherited, IMOD can be most closely aligned with or similar to which of the following historical development models.

answer

Interactionist

question

Micro

answer

Level of occupation

question

meso

answer

level of individual

question

marco

answer

level of the species

question

Which principle of occupational life course development considers that occupations emerge at various points in the lifespan. There is not one stage of life when one occupation develops.

answer

continuity

question

Which of the following refers to actual changes in the nervous system? Because of this early intervention has greater impact.

answer

neural plasticity

question

Fun is the only motivation for kids to develop occupations.

answer

False

question

Which term explains that development is not one direction. Development has both gains and losses. For example, when you gain independence with a driver's license, you may lose connection with your caregiver who drove you around.

answer

Multiple patternicity

question

The three variables of international occupational development are

answer

Interaction, time and occupational behavior

question

Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem refer to what type of determinants?

answer

occupational determinists

question

Positive discipline is based on the principle that children need

answer

Connection

question

The building blocks of Positive Discipline are

answer

All the answers are building blocks of positive discipline -firmness and kindness -understanding the motivation of behavior -listening -understanding development

question

Discipline means punishment

answer

False

question

According to Nelson, Erwin & Duffy, a child needs

answer

A child needs all of these -to feel like he/she belongs -to have some autonomy -to have inter-personal and other life skills -to feel capable

question

It is a hectic morning, the family is trying to get into the car to head to daycare and then work. Little Joey refuses to get into the car. His dad says, "Joey, I need your help. Would you carry my umbrella to the car." Using principles of Positive Discipline, this illustrates

answer

Providing opportunities for your child to help

question

Positive Discipline uses time-outs, but not as punishment. Rather, time-outs are used as a way to allow the child to calm down.

answer

True

question

Regular Sleep

answer

Difficult to wake up with mid stimuli

question

irregular sleep

answer

sleeping with slight movement

question

alert inactivity

answer

a little movement interested in the environment

question

waking activity and crying

answer

much activity, irregular breathing, open eyes

question

Drowsiness

answer

somewhat active, irregular breathing, open/closed eyes

question

During Erikson's crisis of basic trust versus mistrust, a child

answer

Determines whether or not he or she can rely on the world

question

Julie readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be

answer

Securely attached

question

Babies first wave their arms, then move their hands toward objects, and finally use their fingers. This is an example of which principle of development?

answer

Proximodistal

question

Breast milk is almost always the best food for newborns and is recommended for at least the first __________ months.

answer

6

question

Involuntary, automatic, innate responses to stimuli are called __________ behaviors.

answer

Reflex

question

Disappearance of unneeded or primitive reflexes on schedule (during the first year) is a signal that the neurological pathways in the cortex have become at least partially

answer

myelinated

question

The startle reflex is also called the _____ reflex.

answer

Moro

question

The technical term for the growth of the brain that results from experience is

answer

Plasticity

question

The first sense to develop is the sense of

answer

Touch

question

Which muscles would a baby gain voluntary control over first during development?

answer

Muscles in the neck

question

An average 4-month-old has acquired which of the following skills?

answer

Rolling over

question

Shelly is 4 years old. With regard to sleep patterns, she can be expected to

answer

Fight going to sleep and finds excuses to get up

question

Meagan is learning to jump rope. This involves her learning to use her leg muscles to jump in a rhythmic fashion. In learning to jump properly, Meagan is acquiring a

answer

Gross motor skills

question

According to research presented in your text, children under the age of 6

answer

Could be overwhelmed by the physical and motor demands of organized sports

question

A key to preventing obesity in children is to

answer

have individual servings of appropriate portions

question

Which of the following foods is LEAST likely to cause an allergic reaction in a child?

answer

Rice

question

The average child learns ____ new words a day from about 1½ years of age

answer

9

question

Most of the sentences of young children are

answer

Declarative

question

The practical knowledge of how to use language to communicate is

answer

Pragmatics

question

Vygotsky saw private speech as

answer

A way that children converse with themselves

question

Children's ability to communicate is related to

answer

All the answers contribute to a child's ability to communicate -popularity -general knowledge -intent to communicate

question

The Garrol family is concerned because their 3-year-old son is still not talking. Which of the following is a possible reason for the delayed language development of about 3% of preschool children?

answer

All of the answers -hearing problems -cognitive limitations -problems in fast mapping

question

To enhance the development of good reading and writing skills, parents who wish to incorporate educational television programs such as Sesame Street into their children's lives should

answer

Watch the programs with their children and talk to them about what they see

question

two- word phrases

answer

24-28 months

question

one-word phrases

answer

10-18 months

question

intentionally imitates sounds

answer

9-10 months

question

perceives speech

answer

birth

question

babbling

answer

repeated consonant sounds

question

crying

answer

different pitch patterns

question

holophrase

answer

a single word that means an entire sentence or idea

question

telegraphic speech

answer

sentences with just a few, but essential words

question

infants prefer CDs?

answer

True

question

Children from larger families tend to gain dressing and other ADLs (e.g., tooth brushing) earlier. This is true across all cultures.

answer

True

question

Age 7-8

answer

Washes hair indepently

question

Age 6

answer

Ties shoes

question

Age 5

answer

blows nose when reminded

question

Age 4

answer

consistently identifies front and back of garments

question

Age 3 1/2

answer

puts socks on (heal might be wrong)

question

Age 3

answer

seats self on toliet

question

Age 2 1/2

answer

tells someone that they need to go to the bathroom

question

Age 2

answer

neeter self feeder

question

Age 1 1/2

answer

scoops using a spoon

question

infants

answer

cooperates with dressing, putting arm through arm hole

question

Different seasons require different sets of clothing. This means a change in _______ context.

answer

Temporal

question

Routines

answer

All of the above -are predictable -give structure to family life -support the independent participation of many self-care activities

question

Which is a client factor that contributes to dressing?

answer

Memory

question

modeling

answer

OT demonstrates the task. the child/parent watches

question

Feedback

answer

OT summarizes the performance

question

Prompts

answer

OT provides promotional cues

question

Task analysis

answer

OT breaks down task into smaller steps

question

If you are teaching a child how to tie their shoes and the child does the first step, then you are using forward chaining

answer

True

question

A baby stops sucking to listen to a tone. Later, after the tone has been repeated frequently, the infant ignores it. This is an example of

answer

habituation

question

A child is asked to reach into a box while blindfolded and hold a small rubber duck. Later, the child is shown several pictures of different toys, including the duck, and asked to choose the one that was handled earlier. If the duck picture is chosen, this would suggest that the child is capable of

answer

Cross-model transference

question

categorization

answer

grouping into meaningful clusters

question

causality

answer

one event causes another

question

object permanence

answer

object still exists even if you can not see it

question

violation of expectation

answer

evaluating cognition in infancy

question

The type of school that emphasizes that a child needs to learn at their own pace with appropriate materials is the Reggio Emilia Approach approach.

answer

False

question

By their late teens, children who had attended Project Head Start or similar programs were more likely than other needy children to have done which of the following?

answer

All of the answers: -achieved permanent gains in IQ -finished high school and enrolled in college or vocational training -been in regular, rather than special edducation classes

question

For most U.S. children today, _______________ is the beginning of formal schooling.

answer

Kindergarten

question

Rapport is developed through effective communication, emphathy and mutuality

answer

True

question

Spontaneous play can be created through behavior management (ex: rewarding the child for positive play behavior)

answer

False

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