ONE - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a:

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clinical practitioner

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a student in an abnormal psychological class receives the highest test grade in a class of 50 students. this behavior is considered abnormal because it is:

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deviant

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the explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

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norms

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behavior that violates legal normals is:

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criminal/abnormal

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the history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's...

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behaviors valued by culture

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brilliant scholars or champion athletes are not considered clinically abnormal because..

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their behaviors are unusual to the norm but do not cause distress, dysfunction, or danger.

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Mario is so miserable that he can barely tolerate living. According to the definition to abnormality, this description is an example of:

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distress

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an individual has a 9 to 5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this fact. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:

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dysfunctional and deviant

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which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

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dysfunction

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thomas szasz's view about the idea of "mental illness" is that:

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most everyone suffers most of the time.

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a researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. this person lives alone in the country, but doesn't interfere with others' lives. the best description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

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eccentric

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several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the US about what % of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?

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more than 15%

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the practice of trephination was probably used to:

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treat abnormal behavior such as hallucinations or to remove bone splinters or blood clots

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the use of exorcism suggests a belief that what we call mental illness was caused by:

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evil spirits

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if you were being treated by a shaman, you would most likely be undergoing:

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exorcism

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bob experiences unshakable sadness. his friends have given up trying to cheer him up because nothing works. an ancient greek physician would have labeled his condition:

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melancholia

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roughly 2000 years agoa greek or roman physician would most likely diagnose a person experiencing an overall decline in intellectual functioning as suffering from:

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delusions

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jeff's left arm suddenly went numb. his physician was unable to find a physical cause of the problem. jeff is apparently experiencing what the ancient greek physicians called:

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hysteria

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greek and roman physicians described a person with mania as having symptoms of

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frenzied activity and euphoria

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sam once found a $100 on the sidewalk and did not turn it into the police. recently he has become more and more convinced that the police know this and have been following him and searching his house. he is certain that they mean to arrest him and put him in jail. his behavior involves what the ancient greeks referred to as:

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delusions

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as you are talking to your advisor, he stares at the wall and asks you if you see the ants crawling on it (there are none). Your advisor is:

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hallucinating

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Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:

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yellow bile, blood, black bile, and phlegm

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Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

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stress

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Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:

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correcting the underlying physical pathology

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What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages?

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demonological-influence of Sata

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Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:

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mass madness

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Those most often in charge of treating abnormality in the middle ages in europe were the:

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clergymen

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The first physician to specialize in mental illness was:

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Johann Weyer

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In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem asylum in London, became:

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tourist attractions

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What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

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popularly called "bedlum"

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The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

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patients were perceived as productive human beings whose mental functioning had simply broken down

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The man who brought about the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was:

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William Tuke

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The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the US was:

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Benjamin Rush

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the american schoolteacher who lobbied state legistlautres for law to mandate human treatment of people with mental disorders was:

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Dorothea Dix

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The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late 19th century because:

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money and staffing shortages, recovery rates declines, overcrowding, assumption that all can be cured

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part of the downfall of moral therapy was that

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people assumed all patients could be cured if treated with humanity

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hippocrates' model of mental illness would be described as

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a somatogenic perspective

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another term for a cluster of symptoms is

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syndrome

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the finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that

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organic factors are responsible for mental disorders

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the german researcher who argued that physical factors may cause mental dysfunction, and who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behaviors, was:

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Emil Kraepelin

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The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been the mose successful was the use of:

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various meds

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mesmer because famous (or infamous) for his work with pateitns suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. his patients' disorders are termed:

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hysterical disorders

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an otherwise "normal" person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. the occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

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the psychogenic perspective

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the 19th century physician who argued that hysterical disorders were the result of degeneration in portions of the brain was:

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Charcot

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The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Jean Charcot, Josef Breuer, and even Sigmund Freud was:

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hypnotism

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Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:

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psychoanalysis

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"many people are not away of the sources of their abnormality, because abnormality often arises from unconscious psychological processes; such people need insight about those processes." Who would agree most strongly with this statement?

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Sigmund Freud

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Psychoanalysis is NOT very effective for hospitalized mental patients because:

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it requires levels of clarity, insight and verbal skills

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a medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other "mood" disorders. the general term for this type of drug is:

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antidepressant

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Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:

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antipsychotic drugs

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Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:

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psychotropic medication

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Jena is very unhappy. the condition is chronic and severe. if her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be:

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an antidepressant

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in 1995, 600,000 people were in public mental health institutions in the US. since 1955, the number of institutionalized persons has:

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Decreased

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in the US today, one is most likely to find a severely ill mental patient:

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on the street or in jail

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one cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the:

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community mental health approach

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the approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called:

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private psychotherapy

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Surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the US receive psychological therapy in a typical year?

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1/5

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the fact that hundreds of thousands of people with severe psychological disturbances end up living on the streets or in jails points out one deficiency of:

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deinstitutionalization

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if you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the US, your therapy will last for:

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fewer than 5 sessions per year

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a significant change in the type of care offered now compared with the time Freud was practicing is that:

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people are more likely to be treated for living problems

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When community programs are focused on correcting social conditions that give rise to psychological problems, the approach is called:

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prevention

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a psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, an interpersonal skill. the psychologist is most likely:

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promoting positive psychology

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if a patient is a minority group member and has trouble affording treatment, feels uncomfortable with the therapist, and doesn't see results, the person is at risk for:

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dropping out of therapy

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"What the &#%@# is going on? the insurance company says i have to stop my anger management program now!" the client who says this is most likely voicing concern about a

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managed care program

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Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that:

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insurance companies provide equal coverage for mental and medical problems

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a physician who offers psychotherapy is called a:

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psychiatrist

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The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:

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social workers

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a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning after medical school; this training is called a:

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residency

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one major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists

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complete a residency in a medical setting

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a person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental genetic factors produces schizophrenia. most likely, the person is a:

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clinical researcher

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the total economic cost of psycholigcal disorders, including substance abuse, in the US is closes to:

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400 billion

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clinical psychologists are unique among mental health professionals because they:

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use psychological tests and conduct research

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in science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as

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models or paradigms

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the models or paradigm an investigator uses influences:

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questions and observations the investigator uses

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the model of abnormality hat cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:

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biological model

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the model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the:

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sociocultural model

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the model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

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sociocultural model

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the model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

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psychodynamic model

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the model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

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behavioral model

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the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:

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cognitive model

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the model of abnormality that focuses on the roles in behavior is the:

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humanistic-existential model

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huntington's disease, which has psychological as well as physical aspects, results from loss of cells in the:

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basal ganglia

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messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:

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synapses

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depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality

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serotonin

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abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of:

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hormones

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in how many cases of psychological disorders does an individual gene appear to be responsible?

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vitrually none- it take many genes

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current research suggest that schizophrenia may be related to:

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inheritance

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an important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that:

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drugs are believed to be over-used and don't help everyone

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electoconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used most often in the treatment of

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depression

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an assumption of determinism is that abnormal behaviors:

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no behavior is accidental. all is determined by past experiences.

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Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were the:

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ego, superego, and id

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what we would call "conscience" is most like what Freud would call the:

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superego

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according to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. this is called:

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fixation

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the motivation to form relationships with other is a central theme of:

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object relations theory

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a general term used for theories such as Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's is:

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psychodynamic

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the model most likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes is the _______ model.

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psychodynamic

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Colin is asked to "free associate" about his mother's new husband and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of:

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resistance

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The model most likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference" is the ______ model.

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psychodynamic

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according to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams isL

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latent content

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if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced ______, according to psychoanalysts.

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catharsis

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a patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. the form of psychotherapy the patient is reciving is called:

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psychodynamic theory

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"when i was young, i met a large dog. i wasn't afriad of the dog, but as i tried to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. i have been afraid of dogs ever since." a therapist who that this sentence describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning most likely favors which model of abnormality?

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behavioral

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when a young child yells and throws toys (temper tantrums) the parents give the child a good deal of attention. as time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. a behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:

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operant conditioning

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animals and humans learn without reinforcement. they learn just by watching. this form of learning is called:

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modeling

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the model most likely to emphasize the important of one's history of conditioning as the source of depression is the _______ model.

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behavioral

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a previously neutral environmental even that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a:

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conditioned response

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if you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. the lemon is an example of:

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unconditioned stimulus

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if you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. the salivation to this imagery is an example of:

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conditioned response

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if, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly present alone (without the unconditioned stimulus), it will eventually stop eliciting the conditioned response through a process called:

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extinction

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the first step in using the treatment called "systematic desensitization" is to:

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learn the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions

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systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

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phobias

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"thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." the orientation of the author of this quote would most likely be:

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cognitive behavioral

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if you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense of:

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self-efficacy

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an athlete who is in fact well prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, "i can't do this! i need to be perfect, and i know i'm going to fail." the theorist who would emphasize the illogical thinking process of this athlete as a source of poor performance most likely would support which model of abnormality?

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cognitive model

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the form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and try out new interpretations of events is:

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cognitive therapy

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Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from:

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illogical thinking

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When Jose did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. this thought is an example of

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overgeneralization

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if a patient is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the patient is most likely being treated by a follower of:

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Beck

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"when we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living." a psychologist from which background would agree most strongly with this statement?

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humanistic existential

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according to __________, the self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning.

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humanists

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a therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities, and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, inauthentic--empty--would most likely be:

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existential

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humanists would say that an individual who cares about others, is spontaneous, courageous, and independent:

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self-actualizing

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if you recognize your worth as a person, carl rogers would say that you have devloped:

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unconditional self-regard

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the term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by carl rogers is:

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client-centered therapy

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a therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. the hope is that the client will self-examine with acceptance and honesty. most likely the therapist is:

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humanistic

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in rogers' therapy, the honesty and genuineness of the therapist allows clients to look at themselves with acceptance in a process called:

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experiencing

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"that's all right. you're doing your best, dont worry. i am here for you." a therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would most probably follow the ____ tradition.

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humanistic

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when a gestalt therapist refuses to meet her patient's demands, the therapist is using:

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skillful frustration

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"you can do anything you want. you can lead a perfectly useless life. it is all up to you." a therapist who would say these frustrating statements as a primary part of the therapy process would follow the _____ tradition.

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existential

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therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role playing and a "here and now" orientation, are:

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gestalt

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the model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal normals, and a client's roles in society is:

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the sociocultural model

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david rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital where they pretend to be disturbed. the results led him to conclude that _____ greatly impacts mental illness.

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labeling

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according to family systems theory, families that show "disengagement" are characterized by:

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very rigid boundaries, children might find it hard to function in a group or to give or request support

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if a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that they do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be

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enmeshed

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current multicultural perspectives are most likely to focus on:

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special external pressure is faced by members of a culture

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multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as most likely due to:

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social pressures leading to stress

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recent research on the role of religion in mental health shows that religious people:

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cope better with life stresses than unreligious

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if a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would most likely be practicing:

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conjoint family therapy

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a primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality is:

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prevention

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providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so that problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called:

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primary prevention

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combining any two or more treatment techniques results in an approach is called:

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eclectic

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about what percent of clinicians today would describe their approach as eclectic?

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more than 20%

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imagine that a man inherits the tendency to be socially awkward. that leads him to choose inappropriate romantic partners who increase his level of stress. a biopsychosocial therapist would use the _____ effects explanation of his functioning.

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reciprocal

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a mental health practictioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. this approach to abnormal psychology is called:

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idiographic

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when graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:

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assessment

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a functional analysis involves:

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an analysis of how the behaviors are learned and reinforced

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one of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that:

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abnormal behaviors are learned

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a clinician gathers data about what things might be reinforcing to someone's abnormal behavior. this variety of assessment is called:

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behavioral

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another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

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standardization

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if a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking:

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adequate standardization

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a panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. they all arrive at the same diagnosis. the panel has high:

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interrater validity

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because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. this test has:

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face validity

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a test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of schizophrenia within five years. the test may be said to have high:

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predictive validity

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a new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. therefore, the new assessment tool has good:

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predictive validity

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if a new test for assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high:

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concurrent validity

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particular strength of the interview process

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chance to get a general sense of the client

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the clinical interviewer most interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation?

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behavioral clinician

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a clinical interviewer says, in part, 'How do you feel about yourself today? how do you feel about whats going on in your life?' Most likely, that clinical interviewer's orientation

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humanistic clinician

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an interviewer who asks a client questions such as "where are you now?" "why do you think you're here?" or even "who are you?" is probably conducting a:

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mental status exam

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if a clinician begins by asking, "would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is most likely conducting a:

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unstructured interview

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a patient complains of a phobia. two lines of questioning by the clincian concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. this clincian's orientation is probably:

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behavioral

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one limit of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:

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unstructured interviews can lack reliability

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personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:

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help assess the unconscious drives and conflicts they believe to be at the root of abnormal functioning

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the assumption behind the use of progressive tests as assessment tools is that:

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responses come from the client's unconscious

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a patient looks at a series of black and white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. the patient is taking:

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thematic appreciation test

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when a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images that a person "sees, the clinician is emphasizing

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theme

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statements were presented to both mental patients and nonpatients. they were asked to indicate whether each statement was applicable to themselves. the questions that differentiated between the two groups comprised the final test. what is the term for this technique of test construction?

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criterium key

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Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. he would probably score high on the MMPI-2 scale called:

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psychopathic deviate

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Clients check off either "applies" or "does not apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. the kind of test they are taking most likely is a:

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personality inventory

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the MMPI-2 is considered by many to be superior to the orginal MMPI because the MMPI-2:

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has a more valid indicator of personality and abnormal functioning than the original version more diverse than the people

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George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. before he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. he often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. which MMPI-2 scale would he most likely score high on?

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psychasthenia (general anxiety)

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the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the:

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MMPI

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an inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, and anger is an _____ inventory.

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affective

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an inventory that asks about how one would act in a variety of situations is a ______ inventory.

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social skills

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a response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is an:

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cognitive inventory

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a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. the type of clinical test being used is:

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psychophysiological tests

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if your friend had her brain waves recorded in order to measure electrical activity, she most likely had an:

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electroencephalogram

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the assessment instrument most likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the:

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neuropsychological tests

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the technique that uses Xrays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static pictures of the structure of the brain is called:

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CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)

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how does an MRI make a picture of the brain?

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uses magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure and activity

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Binet and Simon are known for their work in creating a:

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intelligence test

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which category of clinical tests tends to have the best standardization, reliability, and validity?

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intelligence tests

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the most legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their

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cultural fairness

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a therapists' preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environment and record their activities and behaviors. this approach is known as:

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naturalistic observation

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under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother record the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to the hitting. in this situation, Tina's mother is a:

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participant observer

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one way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to:

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decrease lengths of observation periods

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a client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations. the most useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would involve:

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self-monitoring

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while someone is watching, jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. this tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of:

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observer bias

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an adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. in this case, clinical observations of this person at home would lack:

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external validity

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deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

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diagnosis

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the term used to refer to a psychologist's comprehensive view of the causes and stimuli sustaining a person's abnormal behavior is:

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clinical picture

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a cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

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syndrome

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the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-IV-TR) was developed by:

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American Psychiatric Association

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DSM-IV-TR is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:

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most widely used in the US

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the DSM-IV-TR, the most widley used classification system of mental disorders, divides the categories along five separate axes. The Axis I disorders are disorders:

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that typically cause significant impairment and may emerge in various points of the lifecycle

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Under what axis do long-standing problems fall in DSM-IV-TR?

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Axis II

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a high school bully constantly ignores others' rights, and appears not even to realize that others do have rights. a likely DSM-IV-TR partial diagnosis for this bully would be:

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antisocial personality disorder

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mental retardation is found in the ______ axis of the DSM-IV-TR.

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Axis II

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Axis III includes:

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information concerning relevant general medical conditioning from which the person is currently suffering.

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Racine has recently broken up with her boyfriend and at the same time lost her job. which axis of DSM-IV-TR would these factors be included under?

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Axis IV

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Axis IV includes:

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problems related to the social environment

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...how many axes?

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5

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the greater reliability of the DSM-IV-TR is most likely because of:

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field trials of new criteria and categories

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what kind of validity is most important to clinicians in evaluating the utility of a classification system?

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predictive validity

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an institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says, "the doctor claims i'm schizophrenic. how else would you expect me to act?" the individuals comments reflect:

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self-fulfilling prophecies

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studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that:

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the pattern is basically the same as one that has been displayed by many other people paid too much attention to some info and not enough

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studies that show most therapists these days are most likely to learn about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders from:

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talking with professional colleagues

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therapies that have received clear research support are called:

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empirically supported treatment

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the initial problem in studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy is:

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defining what it means for treatment to be successful

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if you ask the question, "what type of therapy has been shown to be the most effective for my particular disorder?" you are asking a question about:

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therapy outcome studies

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standardizing and combing the findings of many different studies is called:

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meta-analysis

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the movement that has tried to find the common strategies that effective therapists use is called:

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rapprochement movement

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the most effective treatment for phobias is:

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behavioral therapy

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the single most effective treatment for schizophrenia is:

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drug therapy

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the biggest social threat to the use of comprehensive assessment techniques today is:

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concerned about cost

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research shows that the result of lobotomies was:

answer

irreverasible brain damage and withdrawl

question

if you were a schiophrenic living in the first half of the 20th century and had a mother who was thought to be a schiophreniogenic, she would have been seen as:

answer

cold and domineering

question

general principles that explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______ approach.

answer

idiographic

question

the clinical practitioner would be more likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation?

answer

case study with single participant

question

clinical researchers are usually covered with an _____ understanding of abnormality, which practitioners focus on an ______ understanding.

answer

nomathetic and idiographic

question

true experiments involve the manipulation of some:

answer

variable

question

what is the problem with conventional wisdom?

answer

fails to account for family influence on mental illness

question

a psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. a clear picture is constructed of this indiidual so that his behavior is better understood. this study is:

answer

case study

question

One who systematically gathers info in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical

answer

scientist

question

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively

answer

dysfunction

question

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not

answer

dangerous

question

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because.

answer

drinking is considered part of college cultrue

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the incidences of psychological abnormality, historically, and worldwide

answer

it appears in all cultures during all time periods

question

The practice of trephination was probably used for

answer

allow the rease of evil spirits

question

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person's body. This form of theraphy is called

answer

exoricism

question

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because is supports the idea that

answer

organic factors can cause mental illness

question

Drugs designed to decrease extreamly confused and distorted thinking are termed

answer

antipsychotics

question

The increased use of psychotropic meds in the past fifty years generally has led to

answer

deinstitutionalization and outpatient care

question

Research shows that the results of lobotomies was

answer

irreversible brain damage and withdrwarl

question

Clinical researchers are usually concerned with __ understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a __ understanding

answer

nomothetic; idiographic

question

Which of the following could be an example of a case study

answer

a long-term study of a clinical client

question

The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat. If it is true, this statement expresses

answer

a positive correlation

question

The variable manipulated in an experiment is called

answer

the independt variable

question

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups

answer

quasi-experiments

question

Which of the following is the best way for clinitions to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior

answer

rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods

question

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the

answer

biological model

question

The model of abnormality that focuses on uncounscious intermal processes and conflicts in behavior is the

answer

psychodynamic model

question

"abnormal" behavior- indeed, all behavior- are acquired through learning. Which model of abnormality does this quote most closely relate

answer

behavioral

question

If a person had schizophrenia, one would suspect a problem with which of these neurotransmitters

answer

dopamine

question

Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality

answer

low activity of serotonin

question

People suffering from clinical depression are most likely to benefit form which of the following medications

answer

zoloft

question

Electroconvulsive therapy is used most often in the treatment of

answer

depression

question

The ___ operates in accord with the pleasure principle

answer

id

question

What is libido

answer

the sexual energy of the id

question

You blame your poor performance on a test you didn't study for on all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that best describes your behavior is

answer

rationalization

question

When a young child yells and throws toys, the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from

answer

operant conditioning

question

According to __ the sefl-aculazation motive plays an important part in human functioning

answer

humanists

question

A test is construed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of schizophrenia within five years. This test may be said to have high

answer

predictive validity

question

Personality assessments using projective tests is designed to

answer

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client

question

The only test among the following that is not a projective test is the

answer

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

question

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as 'hypochondrasis' and psychopathic deviate is the

answer

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

question

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before he leaves, he makes sure that all appliances are unplugged. He often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. which mmpi-2 scale would be most likely score high on

answer

psychasthenia

question

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. They type of clinical test being used is

answer

psychophysiological

question

Which category of clinical tests tends to have the best standardization, reliability, and validity.

answer

intelligence tests

question

Deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called

answer

diagnosis

question

The DSM-IV-TR was developed by

answer

the American Psychiatric Association

question

Under what axis do long-standing problems fall into

answer

Axis II

question

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

What is the first type of food usually eliminated form the diet of a developing anorexic person

answer

sweets

question

The peak age for oneset of anorexia nervosa is

answer

14-18

question

Which one of the following medical problems associated with anorexia is most likely to lead to death

answer

metabolic and electrolyte changes

question

Bulimia is always characterized by

answer

uncontrollable overeating

question

If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous exercise to compensate for the food, the diagnosis is probably

answer

nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa

question

People who bing

answer

generally consume about 10000 calories during a binge

question

A person's weight set point is

answer

their body's natural weight

question

The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to

answer

help the person to start to regain the lost weight

question

Relapse for both bulimia and anorexia is most likely triggered by

answer

life streses

question

in terms of their DSM diagnostic catergorization, which of the following paris belong together.

answer

Acute stress disorder an post traumatic stressdisorder

question

in resoponse to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the

answer

Sympathetic nervous system

question

posttraumatic stress disorders

answer

Last longer than a month

question

one distinction that DSM-IV-TR makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on

answer

How long the anxiety symptoms last

question

which of the following does not characterize stress disorders

answer

A compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the even

question

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be

answer

Conversion disorder

question

Conversion disorders most often appear in

answer

Adolescence

question

which of the following is an example of malingering

answer

Intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service

question

Which of the following would lead you to suspect hysterical rather than medical symptoms

answer

uniform and even numbness in the damaged hand

question

Munchausen syndrome is a ___ disorder.

answer

Factitious

question

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is most likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of:

answer

The child of the person experiencing it

question

people who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a

answer

Body dysmorphic disorder

question

which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part.

answer

Dissociative disorder

question

One who sufferes from dissociative identity disorder is most likely to be a

answer

Woman who was physically abused as a child

question

Modern studies suggest that the average number of sunpersonalities in cases of multiple personality in women is about

answer

15 and lower for men

question

If a person's mental functioning or body feels unreal or foreign the person is most like suffering from

answer

depersonalization

question

a state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes

answer

mania

question

what is the least common mood disorder

answer

Full manic episodes with no depressive episodes

question

. to be classified as having major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least

answer

Two weeks

question

to receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least

answer

Two years

question

a good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it's like

answer

A flash flood

question

the difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is

answer

The severity of the manic episodes

question

milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as

answer

Cyclothymic disorders

question

what is a parasuicide

answer

A failed attempt to commit suicide

question

his definition of suicide, schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it

answer

Results from depression or emotional distress

question

Sylvia shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth, in the middle of a dense woods, where she knew she wouldn't be heard or found. Sylvia is an example of what shneidman refers to as a

answer

Death seeker

question

ambivalent about dying, jay repeatedly played a dangerous game involving gas and a cigarette lighter. Jay is an example of what shneidman refers to as a

answer

Death darer

question

retrospective analysis involves

answer

Gathering information about a suicide victim's past

question

which of the following statements is not true regarding gender and suicide

answer

Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men

question

how likely are women to use a gun to commit suicide

answer

40%

question

which is true about alcohol use and suicide

answer

All are true

question

who of the following is most at risk for suicide

answer

People with schizophrenia

question

when a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to

answer

modeling

question

the "typical" child who commits suicide is a

answer

A boy who knows what death is

question

which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of suicide

answer

psychologists

question

the most common mental disorders in the us are the

answer

Anxiety disorders

question

a person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing a

answer

Panic disorder

question

a professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave test in that same order is experiencing a

answer

OCD

question

which of the following is an anxiety disorder

answer

OCD

question

people with one anziety disorder are most likely to

answer

Experience another anxiety disorder, too

question

an intense persistent and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with thte life of the person is called

answer

Phobia disorder

question

steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with

answer

Social phobia

question

more women that men experience all of the following anxiety disorders except

answer

OCD

question

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder it is probably a

answer

Panic attack

question

someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many peoples names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a

answer

Counting compulsion

question

the phobia most often associated with panic disorders is

answer

agoraphobia

question

a person, years after committing a serious crime, is found living under a false identity over 1000 miles from where the person used to live. The person's memory of the crime, and of other earlier events, is intact. Most likely this is a case of

answer

No mental disorder

question

when all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a

answer

Mutually cognizant pattern

question

a clinician says, "I've studied the literature carefully, and I really doubt the legitimacy of that particular diagnositic category." The "particular diagnostic category" to which that clinician refers probably is

answer

Dissociative identity disorder

question

of the following alternatives, which is usually the best advice you could give someone with bipolar disorder.

answer

Be equally concerned about mania and depression. They occur about equally often and last about equally long

question

Abnormal Psychology

answer

The field devoted to the scientific study of abnormal behavior to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

question

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

answer

The Four D's of Psychological Abnormalities

question

Society

answer

Who are what definite abnormality and use those criteria to judge particular cases?

question

Treatment

answer

A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

question

Anxiety Disorders

answer

The most common mental disorders in the United States are

question

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

answer

A person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing:

question

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

answer

A professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing:

question

A Phobia

answer

A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called:

question

A Panic Disorder

answer

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of:

question

Free-Floating Anxiety

answer

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is

question

African-Americans than in white Americans

answer

Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in:

question

It cannot explain why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.

answer

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that:

question

Defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.

answer

According to Freud, generalized anxiety disorder is most likely to result when:

question

Humanistic Theories

answer

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would most likely be offered by:

question

Irrational Assumptions

answer

If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic:

question

A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object

answer

How do phobias and common fear differ?

question

Fear of public speaking

answer

Which of the following is an example of a narrow social phobia?

question

Systematic Desensitization

answer

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

question

Modeling

answer

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:

question

Panic Attack

answer

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

question

If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated.

answer

Which of the following reflects the most common obsessive thought?

question

Order or balance compulsion.

answer

Someone who is anxious unless her books are perfectly lined up on her desk and who must eat the food on her plate in a balanced order is exhibiting a:

question

Is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

answer

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

question

Stress Response

answer

A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive:

question

Physical

answer

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.

question

Last longer than a month

answer

Posttraumatic stress disorders:

question

Posttraumatic stress disorder

answer

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

question

Re-experiencing the traumatic event

answer

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:

question

Immediately, and is short-term.

answer

Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

question

Psychosomatic Disorder

answer

If a physician believes that a patient's disorder is due to hidden needs, repression, or reinforcement, then the patient may receive a diagnosis of:

question

Ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychosocial causes.

answer

An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:

question

Hypertension

answer

A person feels well rested during the day, does not have burning sensations in the stomach, and appears to have normal breathing function. If you are told this person has a psychophysiological disorder, your best guess about what the disorder is would be:

question

Bio-feedback training

answer

Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers. She simply tried to make the dial go up. This is a form of:

question

Cognitive Intervention

answer

People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on the end of the pain, and by remembering that they have gotten through it before, are most likely to have received which of the following therapies?

question

Conversion Disorder

answer

Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following is the best diagnosis for this disorder?

question

Somatization Disorder

answer

If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:

question

Intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service

answer

Which of the following is an example of malingering?

question

A factitious disorder

answer

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing:

question

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

answer

A mother brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that the mother caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, the mother would be diagnosed as having:

question

Emotionally needy

answer

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

question

Hypochondriasis

answer

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:

question

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

answer

A person who is excessively concerned about genital odors and the shape and look of the genitals is most likely experiencing:

question

Preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.

answer

Dysmorphophobia is a somatoform disorder characterized by:

question

Localized Amnesia

answer

A mother is held up at knifepoint and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of:

question

Have Numerous Recurrences

answer

Dissociative fugues usually:

question

A fairly sudden ending to the dissociative fugue state

answer

An individual who had suffered from dissociative fugue likely would have experienced all of the following except:

question

Switching

answer

A client who is talking calmly and rationally all of a sudden begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true multiple personality disorder, the client just experienced:

question

Mutually Cognizant Pattern

answer

When all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:

question

Schizophrenia

answer

In the past, dissociative identity disorder was most likely "misdiagnosed" as:

question

Social Learning Theory

answer

A college student studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer. According to some theorists, the student would later do better on his history exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on:

question

Forgetting information that is specifically anxiety producing

answer

What characteristic is shared by both hypnotic amnesia and dissociative disorders?

question

Self-Hypnosis

answer

A child in an extremely abusive family situation often seems to become deaf to the verbal abuse, and insensitive to the physical abuse, as if the child simply wasn't there experiencing the abuse. One explanation of this behavior is:

question

Merge the subpersonalities into a single identity

answer

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

question

Establish a contract with the subpersonalities to prevent self-harm

answer

The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is typically to:

question

A

answer

Fear differs from anxiety in that: A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. B) anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. C) anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat. D) anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague.

question

D

answer

Max is upset because he cannot stop thinking that he has forgotten something and is constantly going back to his apartment to check. It is interfering with his life because he does it so often. This behavior is an example of a(n): A) panic disorder. B) phobic disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

D

answer

A professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing a(n): A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) phobia. C) panic disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

A

answer

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n): A) panic disorder. B) phobic disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

D

answer

Approximately ______ of people with one anxiety disorder are likely to experience at least one more anxiety disorder. A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

question

B

answer

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible respects is displaying: A) metaworry. B) irrational assumption. C) compulsion. D) condition of worth.

question

A

answer

Generalized anxiety disorder is more common: A) in African Americans than in white Americans. B) in men than in women. C) years after rather than immediately after traumatic events. D) in wealthy people than in poor people.

question

B

answer

Object relations therapists use: A) flooding to prompt patients to reexperience traumatic events. B) psychodynamic techniques to help patients work through childhood relationship problems. C) cognitive therapy to help patients identify their maladaptive patterns of thinking. D) sociocultural analysis of one's environment to understand generalized anxiety.

question

C

answer

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A) has not received much support at all in therapy applications. B) receives support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder. C) receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. D) is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

question

C

answer

The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about: A) 40%. B) 60%. C) 80%. D) almost 100%.

question

C

answer

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: A) have relatives who are atypically anxious. B) are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. C) misinterpret bodily sensations. D) experience more stress than average.

question

A

answer

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: A) panic attack. B) phobia. C) obsessive-compulsive response. D) posttraumatic disorder.

question

D

answer

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This may mean that the disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter: A) GABA. B) dopamine. C) acetylcholine. D) norepinephrine.

question

B

answer

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called: A) flooding. B) modeling. C) implosive therapy. D) systematic desensitization.

question

A

answer

While walking through a forest during a rainstorm, 5-year-old Samir was almost struck by lightning. Today, as an adult, he is extremely afraid of trees. What is the conditioned stimulus in the example? A) the trees B) the lightning C) the rain storm D) the feelings of fear

question

B

answer

More women than men experience all of the following anxiety disorders except: A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) panic disorder. D) specific phobia.

question

D

answer

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. She thinks that this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an explicit and overt manner. She is sure this underlying conflict explains her client's: A) fugue state. B) schizophrenia. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

C

answer

Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a: A) psychodynamic theorist. B) behaviorist. C) cognitive theorist. D) biologist.

question

B

answer

About what proportion of the normal population become irritated if forced to depart from their normal routine? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

question

B

answer

If a professor had the notion that there were germs lurking everywhere, on papers students handed in, on books checked out of the library, on the chalk left by the previous teacher, the professor would be experiencing: A) obsessive wishes. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive images. D) obsessive doubt.

question

C

answer

Often those who respond to stress with a set of positive attitudes are less negatively affected by the stress, demonstrating what researchers call: A) the Rebound Effect. B) low perceived self-control. C) hardiness or resiliency. D) angst.

question

D

answer

A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture? A) deprivation B) physical C) sexual D) psychological

question

D

answer

Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description best fits a(n): A) acute stress disorder. B) phobia. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

question

A

answer

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for a stress disorder would be likely to experience all of the following except: A) antipsychotic medication. B) family therapy. C) rap groups. D) exposure therapy.

question

B

answer

What percentage of rape victims qualified for diagnosis of acute stress disorder in Rothbaum, et al.'s study (1992)? A) 12% B) 94% C) 43% D) 76%

question

D

answer

At what point is distress the greatest after a rape? A) within one week after the assault B) immediately after the assault C) more than several months after the assault D) within one month after the assault

question

B

answer

Which of the following is the best prototype (best reflects national data) of a rape victim? A) an adult woman who does not know the attacker B) a young woman who knows the attacker C) an African American male D) an adult (over 21) who is white

question

D

answer

Surveys show that in the U.S., the typical female victim of rape: A) is tested for HIV, and has long-term health problems. B) is not tested for HIV, and has no long-term health problems. C) is tested for HIV, and has no long-term health problems. D) is not tested for HIV, and has long-term health problems.

question

B

answer

Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked most closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders? A) ulcers B) coronary heart disease C) muscle contraction headaches D) asthma

question

B

answer

Suzanne is told that if she does not increase her work output significantly in the next week, she will be fired. According to Selye, her immediate reaction to this news is likely to be: A) collapse. B) alarm. C) exhaustion. D) resistance.

question

C

answer

A person feels well rested during the day, does not have burning sensations in the stomach, and appears to have normal breathing function. If you are told this person has a psychophysiological disorder, your best guess about what the disorder is would be: A) insomnia. B) ulcers. C) hypertension. D) asthma.

question

C

answer

Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white Americans. If someone believes this is because African Americans are more likely to live in dangerous areas, work at unsatisfying jobs, and suffer discrimination, one is emphasizing the role of ______ factors in the development of the disorder. A) interactive B) biological C) sociocultural D) psychological

question

C

answer

The generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is: A) helper T-cells. B) killer T-cells. C) lymphocytes. D) antigens.

question

A

answer

Based on the research to date, a cancer patient has the best shot at overcoming the disease by: A) raging against the unfairness of this happening in the first place. B) letting control of medical treatment rest solely in the hands of those who are most knowledgeable about the disease. C) trying to remain cool, calm, and collected, and not getting angry about having cancer. D) accepting that your thoughts about the disease don't matter since only medical procedures have a bearing on cancer recovery.

question

D

answer

The white blood cells that destroy infected body cells are called: A) antigens. B) B-cells. C) helper T-cells. D) natural killer T-cells.

question

A

answer

A patient with chronic inflammation throughout his body most likely also has: A) high levels of C-reactive protein. B) a low level of cytokines. C) poor diet and exercise habits. D) an immune system that is functioning well.

question

C

answer

One study showed that playing with a Game Boy prior to surgery was _______ in relaxing young patients. A) less effective than holding their parents' hands B) effective in girls but not boys C) more effective than antianxiety drugs D) not effective at all

question

D

answer

A patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations, but remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in: A) cognitive therapy. B) biofeedback. C) hypnosis. D) mindful meditation.

question

D

answer

Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of: A) combinations of physical and psychological treatments. B) insight and social support therapies. C) physical treatments for psychological illnesses. D) psychological treatments for physical illnesses.

question

D

answer

Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers. She simply tried to make the dial go up. This is a form of: A) meditation. B) cognitive intervention. C) relaxation training. D) biofeedback training.

question

A

answer

n the past 20 years, public interest in somatoform and dissociative disorders has: A) increased, although therapy effectiveness has not increased. B) decreased, and therapy effectiveness has not increased. C) decreased, although therapy effectiveness has increased. D) increased, as has therapy effectiveness.

question

D

answer

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be: A) preoccupation disorder. B) factitious disorder. C) malingering. D) conversion disorder.

question

A

answer

The heart patient complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The best diagnosis for this disorder is: A) pain disorder associated with psychological factors. B) somatization disorder. C) preoccupation disorder. D) conversion disorder.

question

C

answer

Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems? A) you can tell that the person is faking the symptoms B) the patient's description of the source of the symptoms C) the failure of a condition to develop as expected D) the particular body part showing the symptom

question

B

answer

Which of the following would lead you to suspect hysterical rather than medical symptoms? A) a great number of accidents and an inability to get around in a "blind" person B) uniform and even numbness in the "damaged" hand C) muscle atrophy in the "paralyzed" body part D) symptoms consistent with the way the neurological system is known to work

question

A

answer

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorders? A) Malingerers are trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness. B) Malingerers and those with factitious disorders have no control over their behavior. C) Hysterical and factitious disorders are identical. D) Those with factitious disorders do not intentionally create illness

question

C

answer

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing: A) malingering. B) a psychophysical disorder. C) a factitious disorder. D) a somatoform disorder.

question

B

answer

People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a: A) conversion disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) somatization disorder. D) hypochondriacal disorder

question

B

answer

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect: A) body dysmorphic disorder. B) hypochondriasis. C) somatization. D) pain disorder associated with psychological factors.

question

B

answer

Preoccupation somatoform disorders are typically explained by therapists in much the same way as ______ disorders are. A) mood B) anxiety C) substance abuse D) schizophrenic

question

C

answer

A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders? A) The patient is being rewarded for behaving in this way. B) The patient is unable to express any emotion except anxiety. C) The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions. D) The patient is receiving secondary gain from the symptoms.

question

A

answer

Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events immediately following the attack, up until the safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of: A) localized amnesia. B) continuous amnesia. C) selective amnesia. D) generalized amnesia.

question

A

answer

Gwendolyn is held up at knifepoint and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of: A) generalized amnesia. B) selective amnesia. C) localized amnesia. D) continuous amnesia.

question

D

answer

What conclusion does research on hypnosis and hypnotic amnesia support? A) Self-hypnosis relies on different processes and produces different behavioral outcomes. B) Dissociative disorders are extremely odd and inexplicable events. C) People with multiple personalities may be faking their condition. D) Dissociative disorders are similar to behaviors seen in hypnotic amnesia.

question

C

answer

A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief explanation for all dissociative disorders except: A) dissociative identity disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief explanation for dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, and dissociative amnesia. D) dissociative fugue.

question

D

answer

What treatment approach is often used in cases of dissociative amnesia and fugue? A) family therapy B) amphetamine injections C) electroconvulsive shock therapy D) hypnotherapy

question

C

answer

A person diagnosed with a dissociative disorder has recovered almost completely, even though the person had not received any therapy. That person was least likely to have been diagnosed with: A) dissociative amnesia. B) malingering. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) dissociative fugue.

question

D

answer

All of the following are true about hypnosis, except: A) hypnotized subjects adhere to their usual values. B) you can be hypnotized during exercise. C) subjects can say "no" or stop hypnosis. D) hypnosis involves a sleep-like state.

question

B

answer

I have just arrived in a city where I know no one, and English is not spoken by very many people. I feel as though my mind is separating from my body, that I am actually observing myself do things. What I am experiencing is: A) posttraumatic stress disorder. B) temporary depersonalization. C) transient posttraumatic distress. D) depersonalization disorder.

question

A

answer

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) No therapy has emerged as particularly effective for treating depersonalization disorder. B) Most cases of depersonalization disorder are associated with changes in brain activity. C) The presence of severe stressors in one's life is not a predictor of depersonalization disorder. D) Depersonalization disorder rarely occurs transiently.

question

B

answer

A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from ______symptoms. A) emotional B) cognitive C) motivational D) behavioral

question

A

answer

Having frequent headaches is a(n) ______ symptom of depression. A) physical B) emotional C) behavioral D) motivational

question

A

answer

The key emotions in mood disorders are: A) sadness and euphoria. B) helplessness and hopelessness. C) cyclothymia and dysthymia. D) self-denial and self-aggrandizement.

question

A

answer

Which of the following would be a motivational symptom of depression? A) lack of desire to eat B) a negative view of oneself C) experiences of sadness and anger D) staying in bed for hours during the day

question

D

answer

Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be: A) postpartum depression. B) reactive depression. C) exogenous depression. D) endogenous depression.

question

D

answer

A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it's like: A) a roller coaster—up and down, up and down. B) a meteorite—a sudden burst of energy that's quickly gone. C) a power plant's output—steady, regular energy being produced. D) a flash flood—spreading out wherever there's room for it to go.

question

B

answer

Of the following alternatives, which is usually the best advice you could give someone with bipolar disorder? A) "Be especially concerned about the mania; that's a lot more common than the depression." B) "Be especially concerned about the depression; that's a lot more common than the mania." C) "Be equally concerned about mania and depression; they occur about equally often, and last about equally long." D) "Don't worry too much; most people with bipolar disorder stop having mood episodes, even without therapy."

question

C

answer

Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to go to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the past. What type of major depression would she most likely be diagnosed with? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) recurrent D) melancholic

question

A

answer

If a study showed that both monozygotic and dizygotic twins ran about a 10% chance of having unipolar depression if their twin had unipolar depression, this would provide: A) very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. B) moderate support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. C) strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. D) near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.

question

D

answer

A man diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibited his first diagnosable symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those experiencing major depressive disorder, his case is: A) common: most people with this diagnosis are men in their early to mid 40s. B) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their early to mid 40s. C) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid to late 20s. D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s.

question

A

answer

Which of these statements would not reflect a part of the cognitive triad? A) Everyone is out to get me. B) Life is just too overwhelming. C) I don't even want to wake up tomorrow. D) I just can't go on.

question

A

answer

Studies show that less than 10% of people who experience major losses become depressed. This finding provides what level of support for a psychodynamic explanation of depression? A) almost none—about 10% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year B) some—about 5% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year C) strong—about 2% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year D) very strong—only about 1% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year

question

C

answer

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called ______ disorder. A) dysthymic B) anhedomic C) cyclothymic D) anxiety

question

A

answer

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is most unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis? A) her age B) her ethnicity C) her gender D) her socioeconomic background

question

B

answer

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is: A) the number of depressive and manic episodes. B) the severity of the manic episodes. C) the number of depressive episodes. D) the seasonal variation in the episodes

question

C

answer

Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ______ disorders. A) hypomanic-depressive B) dysthymic C) cyclothymic D) manic-depressive

question

C

answer

In the "permissive theory" of mood disorders, low ______ activity opens the door to a mood disorder and permits other neurotransmitters to define the form of the disorder. A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) lithium

question

D

answer

If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research on the causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would most likely do research on which of the following? A) learned helplessness B) the "cognitive triad" C) parent-child patterns of interaction D) neurotransmitters in the brain

question

C

answer

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder center on all of the following except: A) neurotransmitter activity. B) sodium ion activity. C) hormonal functioning. D) genetic factors.

question

D

answer

Which of the following risk percentage patterns would best support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder? ______ in the general population; ______ among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder; ______ among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder. A) 10%; 10%; 10% B) 40%; 10%; 1% C) 40%; 40%; 40% D) 1%; 10%; 40%

question

C

answer

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that: A) acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer useful. B) therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting. C) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated. D) Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without modification.

question

B

answer

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following except: A) psychiatric medication that allows more students with serious problems to go to college. B) a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors. C) burnout from the competitive admissions process. D) excessive pressure to do well and get into a top college

question

B

answer

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) humanistic therapy. D) cognitive therapy.

question

B

answer

In cognitive behavior therapy, the process of altering or challenging primary attitudes is similar to: A) increasing positive reinforcements. B) conducting an experiment. C) identifying distorted thinking. D) increasing daily activities.

question

B

answer

The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for unipolar depression is limited because: A) very few depressed people have experienced a real or imagined (symbolic) loss. B) depressed patients may not have the energy to engage in a verbal approach that depends on the development of insight. C) it lasts for a shorter amount of time than other therapies giving patients less time to make progress. D) psychodynamic therapists do not believe that they are able to evaluate whether their patients are making progress or not.

question

C

answer

Jose is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist most likely reflects the ______ orientation. A) psychodynamic B) interpersonal C) behavioral D) humanistic

question

B

answer

Which of the following is not a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression? A) education about what automatic thoughts are B) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts C) encouraging people to become more active and confident D) prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts

question

B

answer

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing: A) role transition therapy. B) behavioral marital therapy. C) psychoeducational therapy. D) premarital instructional therapy.

question

D

answer

Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficit.

question

B

answer

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal deficits. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal role dispute.

question

D

answer

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n): A) increase in energy and creativity. B) insulin-induced coma. C) reuptake of serotonin. D) brain seizure.

question

C

answer

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive: A) insulin. B) oxygen to prevent memory loss. C) anesthetics. D) higher levels of current.

question

C

answer

_________ is a treatment in which current is delivered to the prefrontal cortex through an external helmet-like electrical coil. A) ECT B) Deep brain stimulation C) Transcranial magnetic stimulation D) Vagus nerve stimulation

question

B

answer

Electroconvulsive therapy would be most legitimately recommended when: A) suicide is not judged to be a significant risk. B) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs. C) the patient first comes to therapy. D) depression is mild to moderate.

question

B

answer

Your best advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be: A) "Couple therapy works better than other therapies if you have no marital problems." B) "Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy." C) "Try behavior therapy; it's the best therapy for severe depression." D) "Psychodynamic therapy or behavior therapy should work better than anything else."

question

D

answer

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, except that it: A) also alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree. B) is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms. C) appears to help prevent relapse. D) interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

question

B

answer

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is most likely to recommend treatment with: A) imipramine. B) lithium. C) tranquilizers. D) ECT.

question

C

answer

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder? A) People take overdoses of lithium because it makes them feel so good. B) People stop taking lithium because they dislike the euphoria it causes. C) People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without it. D) People stop taking lithium because they miss the depression.

question

D

answer

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called: A) conjoint ego analysis. B) chemo-behavioral treatment. C) sociodynamic training. D) adjunctive psychotherapy.

question

C

answer

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A) broad; a number of different therapies work equally well. B) no therapy has been shown to be effective. C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. D) complex, due to conflicting experimental results.

question

A

answer

Which of the following is not true about suicide? A) Suicide is more often associated with Alzheimer's than with depression. B) Suicide estimates are probably low, in part because of the stigma associated with it. C) More people attempt than actually succeed in committing suicide. D) Many apparent accidents are probably really intentional suicides.

question

A

answer

About how many suicides are committed annually in the United States? A) 30,000 B) 120,000 C) 10,000 D) 700,000

question

A

answer

Knowing she was terminally ill, Bonnie swallowed a handful of barbiturates in order to save herself and her family from the final painful months of life. Bonnie is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a: A) death initiator B) death darer C) death ignorer D) death seeker

question

D

answer

In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it: A) involves conscious effort. B) is self-inflicted. C) involves direct effort. D) results from depression or emotional distress.

question

A

answer

Karl Menninger has distinguished a category called chronic suicide, in which people's actions lead to their own deaths. People in this category: A) behave in life-endangering ways over an extended period of time. B) actively and intently pursue the means to their death and are committed to completing the act. C) repeatedly try to commit suicide, but are in fact calling for help. D) do not believe that their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence.

question

D

answer

The group that has its highest suicide rate in the 25-34-year-old age range, with a rate of over 20 per 100,000 population, is: A) white American females. B) African American males. C) African American females. D) white American males.

question

B

answer

Which of the following statements is not true regarding gender and suicide? A) Women attempt suicide more often than men. B) Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men. C) Men use more lethal means to commit suicide than women. D) the elderly are more likely to commit suicide than children.

question

C

answer

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to: A) overdoses of antipsychotic drugs. B) voices commanding them to kill themselves. C) feelings of demoralization. D) feeling of invincibility.

question

B

answer

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to: A) helplessness. B) modeling. C) folie a deux D) hopelessness.

question

D

answer

An increase in which emotion is most often linked to suicide? A) anger B) guilt C) anxiety D) sadness

question

A

answer

A person who sees life in "right or wrong" "all or none" terms is engaging in: A) dichotomous thinking. B) hopelessness. C) psychache. D) blaming.

question

A

answer

The fact that very angry people are not significantly more suicidal than other people argues most strongly against which explanation for suicide? A) psychodynamic B) modeling C) sociocultural D) biological

question

D

answer

If the psychodynamic explanation for suicide is correct, then suicide rates should: A) be lower in those who experienced actual (real) loss as children. B) increase in a nation which is at war. C) be lower in those who experienced symbolic loss as children. D) be higher in nations with low murder rates.

question

B

answer

In research on the relationship between serotonin and suicide, serotonin seems most related to: A) introversion. B) aggression. C) selfishness. D) shame.

question

C

answer

A young man whose father and uncle committed suicide at about his age also commits suicide. Which explanation of suicide most easily explains the young man's suicide? A) sociocultural B) immediate trigger C) biological D) psychodynamic

question

A

answer

What kind of theory is Durkheim's theory of suicide? A) sociocultural B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) biological

question

D

answer

Carlos died by intentionally stepping in front of a bullet that was intended for another young man, for whom Carlos, as head of a platoon of soldiers in the Persian Gulf War, was responsible. Durkheim would call this an example of: A) anomic suicide. B) imitative suicide. C) egoistic suicide. D) altruistic suicide.

question

D

answer

Juan is a loner and an atheist. He does what he wants and is alienated from others. He feels life isn't worth living and kills himself. According to Durkheim, he would be classified as an: A) imitative suicide. B) altruistic suicide. C) anomic suicide. D) egoistic suicide.

question

B

answer

At a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the counselor: "Hello. I am interested in you as a person and am going to stay on the phone with you as long as you want—all night, maybe." Which one of the goals and techniques does it best represent? A) understanding and clarifying the problem B) establishing a positive relationship C) formulating a plan D) assessing suicide potential

question

B

answer

Suicide prevention centers: A) are hospitals for those who have attempted suicide. B) may deliver services over the phone using paraprofessionals. C) are declining in number in the United States. D) are run on the AA model, using suicide survivors.

question

MMPI-2

answer

Which of the following tests is a personality inventory?

question

panic attack

answer

Rosa's heart was racing from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:Â

question

deviant and criminal

answer

behavior that violets legal norms is

question

phobic disorder

answer

an intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied be a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called

question

diagnosis

answer

deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called

question

id

answer

The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.

question

illness anxiety disorder

answer

People who fear that the slightest change in their physical state is an indication of serious illness suffer from:

question

facticious disorder

answer

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:

question

posttraumatic stress disorder

answer

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called

question

conditioned stimulus

answer

A previously neutral environmental event that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a(n):

question

clinical researcher

answer

a person hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a:

question

humanistic-existential model

answer

the model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the:

question

those with dissociative fugue travel

answer

Of the following alternatives, which is best for differentiating dissociative amnesia from dissociative fugue?

question

cognitive model

answer

the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:

question

relaxation training increases awareness and control of one's physical and mental state

answer

how is relaxation training similar to biofeedback training and self-instruction training?Â

question

syndrome

answer

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

question

malingerers are trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness

answer

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorders?

question

phobias

answer

systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

question

confounding

answer

factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ________ variables.Â

question

Axis II

answer

Under what axis do long-standing personality problems fall in DSM-IV-TR?

question

Axis IIÂ

answer

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system.Â

question

endocrineÂ

answer

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system.

question

prevalence

answer

The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the:

question

any relevant psychosocial or environmental problem

answer

Axis IV includes:

question

conducted on unstructed interviewÂ

answer

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. After she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr, Martin has just:

question

merge the subpersonalities into a single identity

answer

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

question

cleaning or checking compulsionsÂ

answer

Long-term studies of those with obsessive-compulsive disorder show that obsessive thoughts in many cases eventually lead to:

question

generalized anxiety disorder

answer

Leila always feels threatened and anxious--imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

question

norepinephrineÂ

answer

The anxiety response associated with the stress disorders is mediated by which neurotransmitter?Â

question

identity

answer

Our expectations, values, and sense of who we are and where we fit in society from our:

question

posttraumatic stress disorder

answer

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a:

question

hypochondriasis

answer

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:

question

Only acute stress disorder requires dissociative symptoms.Â

answer

Besides their time course, in what other major way do acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder differ?

question

localized amnesia

answer

Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events immediately following the attach, up until the safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of:

question

case study

answer

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so that the behavior is better understood. This study is a(n):

question

random assigment

answer

Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ______ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation.

question

the participant can understand the explanation

answer

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

question

generalized anxiety disorder

answer

A person who constantly feels upset and nervous, so much that it interferes with work is experiencing a(n):Â

question

benzodiazepines

answer

Which of the following drug types increases the activity of GABA?

question

psychological disorders affecting medical conditionsÂ

answer

Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:

question

interference with episodic memory

answer

All cases of dissociative amnesia generally involve:

question

control groupÂ

answer

The group of participants that is not exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the:

question

the person has changed from one subpersonality to another

answer

A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced "switching." Which of the following most likely has happened?

question

alarmÂ

answer

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

question

dissociative disorder

answer

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part?

question

panic attack

answer

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attach but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

question

acute stress disorder

answer

A patter of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

question

clinicians using their own logic are more accurate that statistical analyses.

answer

Which of the following is an inaccurate belief that many clinicians appear to have?

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conversion disorder

answer

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robber her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms my be psychological. The diagnosis would be:

question

placebo

answer

A "fake" pill used as the control condition is a drug study is a:

question

body dysmorphic disorder

answer

People who become preoccupied with some imagine or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:

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social support

answer

After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often, and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident, relates to ________ as a factor in her response to the stress.

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disorders in which symptoms are unconsciously produced in order to keep unconscious conflicts from conscious thought.

answer

The psychophysiological disorders are:

question

any relevant general medical condition

answer

Axis III includes:

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psychodynamic model

answer

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

question

PharmacistÂ

answer

Who is never blind in an experiment?

question

serotoninÂ

answer

The neurotransmitter most often implicated in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

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clients

answer

One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as:

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super ego

answer

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the:

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biological model

answer

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:

question

worrying about worrying

answer

Which of the following is an example of a metaworry?

question

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

answer

Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?

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Type A personalityÂ

answer

People who are consistently anger, impatient, competitive, driven, and ambitious are displaying a ______ and are at greater risk for heart disease.Â

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antipsychotics

answer

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:Â

question

norms

answer

The explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

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longitudinal

answer

If researchers studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after their return, the study would be:

question

obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

College students who are so anxious that they can't function unless their clothes are arranged by color and type in their closets are experiencing a(n):

question

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

answer

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

question

corticosteroids

answer

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal and fear reaction are the:

question

a serotonergic antidepressant, family therapy, exposure therapy

answer

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder would be likely to receive which of the following treatments?

question

hysterical

answer

Mesmer became famous--or infamous-- for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed:Â

question

syndrome

answer

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

question

the participant can understand the explanation.

answer

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

question

standardization

answer

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

question

norms

answer

The explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

question

someone who is insightful and thinks clearly

answer

Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit most from psychoanalytic treatment?

question

deviant and criminal

answer

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

question

is as close as possible to all points in the graph

answer

In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit:

question

a participant observer

answer

Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is:

question

antipsychotics

answer

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:

question

The thematic apperception test

answer

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white picture, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:Â

question

eccentric

answer

A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but doesn't interfere with others' lives. The best description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

question

face validity

answer

Because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has:

question

Id

answer

The ______ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.Â

question

clinicians using their own logic are more accurate than statistical analyses

answer

Which of the following is an inaccurate belief that many clinicians appear to have?

question

remove a part of the brain

answer

The practice of trephination was probably used to:

question

a long-term study of a clinical client

answer

which of the following could be an example of a case study?

question

psychophysiologicalÂ

answer

a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used it:

question

conducted an unstructed interview.Â

answer

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. After she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just:

question

longitudinal

answer

If researches studied Vietnam veterans fro 30 years after their return, the study would be:

question

humanistic-existential model

answer

The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the:

question

any relevant general medical condition

answer

Axis III includes:Â

question

participant and experimenter expectancies.Â

answer

The function of the double-blind design is the guard against:

question

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness

answer

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

question

5 percent

answer

Using generally accepted standards, what is the chance that a statistically significant result is due to chance?

question

some people do not benefit from drug treatments

answer

An important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that:

question

observer bias

answer

The knowledge that the person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:

question

oral stage

answer

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:

question

phobias

answer

Systematic desensitization has been shown to especially effective in the treatment of:

question

clinical researcher

answer

A person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a:

question

hypothesis

answer

The idea that children from single-parent families show more depression than those from two-parent families is a(n):Â

question

Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients

answer

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

question

overgeneralization

answer

When Jose did not get the job he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of:

question

psychodynamic model

answer

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

question

behavioral model

answer

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

question

harsh and cruel

answer

Late in the period of overcrowded and under-funded asylums, treatment tended to be:

question

Primary gain

answer

according to the psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms functions to unaccepatble thoughts and conflicts of consciousness. This is called:

question

* Rosa's heart was racing from the 4 cups of coffee she had finished, but she thought she might be have a heart attack. This is an example of...

answer

panic attack

question

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called...

answer

phobic disorder

question

People who fear that the slightest change in their physical state is an indication of serious illness suffers from...?

answer

illness anxiety disorder

question

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. Sarah should be diagnosed with having what?

answer

factitious disorder

question

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called...?

answer

post traumatic stress disorder

question

Of the following alternatives, which is best for differentiating dissociative amnesia from dissociative fugue?

answer

those with dissociative fugue travel

question

How is relaxation training similar to biofeedback training and self-instruction training?

answer

relaxation training increases awareness and control of one's physical and mental state

question

According to psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms function to keep unacceptable thoughts and conflicts out of consciousness. This is called...?

answer

primary gain

question

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorder?

answer

malingering are trying to achieve some external goal by faking illness

question

John came into the hospital with two broken legs. He discloses the fact that he broke his legs on purpose to avoid going to jail. This is an example of...?

answer

factitious disorder

question

the part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is what system?

answer

endocrine

question

the usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to...

answer

merge the sub-personality into a single identity

question

Leila always feels threatened and anxious-imagining something awful is about to happen...she is experiencing what?

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

* The anxiety response associated with the stress disorders is mediated by which neurotransmitter?

answer

norephinephrine

question

Our expectations, values, and sense of who we are and where we fit in society form our...

answer

identity

question

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him...this is an example of?

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

* if a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect...

answer

illness anxiety disorder

question

* besides their time course, in what other major way do acute stress disorder and posttramatic stress disorder differ?

answer

only acute stress disorder requires dissociative symptoms

question

* Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However... This is a classic example of...?

answer

localized amnesia

question

A person that constantly feels upset and nervous, so much so that it interferes with work is experiencing...

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

* Which of the following drug types increases the activity of GABA?

answer

benzodiazepines

question

* Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:

answer

psychological disorders affecting medical conditions

question

All cases of dissociative amnesia generally involve...

answer

interference with episodic memory

question

A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced "switching." Which of the following most likely is happening?

answer

the person has changed from one sub-personality to another

question

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

answer

alarm

question

Which diagnosis involves a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of identity to another part?

answer

dissociative disorder

question

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. It is probably...

answer

panic attack

question

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible even and persists for less than a month is called...

answer

acute stress disorder

question

a 35-year old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm...This diagnosis would be?

answer

conversion disorder

question

people who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from?

answer

body dysmorphic disorder

question

After Marie's plane crashes, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often...___ is factor in her response to the stress

answer

social support

question

* The neurotransmitter most often implicated in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is...

answer

serotonin

question

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is...

answer

biological model

question

Which of the following is an example of metaworry?

answer

worrying about worrying

question

* Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?

answer

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

question

People who are consistently angry, impatient, competitive, driven, and ambitious are displaying ___ and are at greater risk for heart disease

answer

type A personality

question

College students who are so anxious that they can't function unless their clothes are arranged by color and type in their closets are...

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

* Fear differs from anxiety in that...

answer

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

question

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal and fear reaction are..

answer

corticosteroids

question

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for posttramatic stress disorder would be likely to receive which of the following?

answer

A, B, & C are correct

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