Oncology/Radiation – Flashcards
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The type of exam in which a person evaluates themselves for any abnormalities in tissue appearance, size or texture: digital exam occult exam self-exam clinical exam
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self-exam
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Chemotherapy can adversely affect the bone marrow by causing coagulation and hemostasis anemia and sickle cell disease anemia and clotting problems alopecia and anuria hemostasis and empathy
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anemia and clotting problems
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The type of gene that prevents the transfer of abnormal genetic structure to daughter cells. ETS TS PCD CIS
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TS (tumor supressor)
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Monthly self-examination should be done to detect which of the following cancers? skin, larynx, and lungs breasts, ovaries, and cervix breasts, testicles, and skin testicles, colon, and prostate colon, prostate, and pancreas
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breasts, testicles, and skin
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Early cancer that has not invaded surrounding tissues is abbreviated as CT CSI CIS DIC NIH
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CIS (carcinoma in situ)
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The root/combining form -cid/e means dirty greenish-yellow to kill pest cell
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to kill
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A synonym for segmentectomy is pneumonectomy stereotactic radiosurgery wedge resection lobectomy brachytherapy
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wedge resection
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A synonym for segmentectomy is pneumonectomy stereotactic radiosurgery wedge resection lobectomy brachytherapy
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lavage (Bronchoaveolar lavage)
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The abbreviation for the government agency responsible for air and water quality is NIH CDC FAA EPA OSHA
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EPA (environment protection agency)
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The use of medication to treat cancer: radiation excision vaccines chemotherapy
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chemotherapy
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The two types of cancer which are most prevalent in the United States are lung and colon cancer colon and prostate cancer prostate and breast cancer breast and skin cancer testicular and lung cancer
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lung and colon cancer
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The decaying of uranium leads to the release of this carcinogen: dioxin chlorine radon arsenic
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radon
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Radon causes which type of cancer? prostate breast stomach lung
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lung
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Hodgkin disease is a cancer involving the adrenal gland pituitary gland blood-forming tissues bones and connective tissues lymph nodes
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lymph nodes
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A type of lung cancer that when examined under the microscope, is not either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma: large cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma mesothelioma
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large cell carcinoma
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Exposure to pesticides increases a man's risk for cancer of the bone pancreas prostate testicular lung
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prostate
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The C in NCI stands for committee cancer clinical cytological council
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cancer (national cancer institute)
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The word benign means excessive electrical activity in the brain a tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasizes a collection of fluid in the tissues stimulation of heart rhythm the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness
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the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness
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CEA, AMAS, and alpha-fetoprotein are carcinogens biomarkers phytochemicals enzymes
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Biomarkers CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), AMAS (anti-malignin antibody screen), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are biomarkers found in the blood, which may be elevated in certain types of cancers. A biomarker is a biological marker or product by which a cell can be identified. The word breaks down into the prefix bio- meaning life, and the root -marker meaning sign.
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Of the following words, which one means any abnormal swelling? Sarcoid Tumor Neoplasm Benign Cancer
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Tumor
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A regimen is a cancer registry program of treatment regional neuropathy period of recuperation surgical removal
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program of treatment
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Chemical toxins from the environment are stored in the body mainly in the fat cells skin hair pancreas thyroid
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fat cells
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Which of the following statements is true of cancer? Cancerous tumors are contained within connective tissue capsules. Cancer stays contained and does not move from its site of origin. Most cancers are inherited. Cancer is the result of a genetic mutation.
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Cancer is the result of a genetic mutation
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Which of the following words come from the Latin meaning dirty? Poison Mutate Proliferate Pollution Toxin
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Pollution
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The specialist that stages cancers: cardiologist hematologist pathologist endocrinologist
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pathologist
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Apoptosis is also known as: ETS TS PCD CIS
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PCD (programmed cell death)
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The rate of growth of cancer is defined as: stage spread metastasis grade
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grade
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A screening test to check for blood in the feces, which may indicate the presence of colon and rectal cancer, is a COPD DEXA HCG FOBT FISH
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FOBT (fecal output blood test)
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Which of the following suffixes means tumor? -emia -oma -osis -itis -ancy
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-oma
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The abbreviation for the governmental agency that protects workers from environmental hazards is OMB HHS OSHA EPA FDA
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OSHA
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Cancer originating from mucus-producing cells of a major bronchus: large cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma mesothelioma
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adenocarcinoma
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A test that can detect precancerous cells in the cervix of a female is a ________________. DRE FOBT PSA digital mammography Pap test
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pap test
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Secondhand smoke is abbreviated as SAT ETS ETA TAT STD
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ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)
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The A in CEA stands for antibiotic antibody antigen allergen allergy
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antigen
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The word lavage means high-temperature therapy washing out of a hollow cavity, tube, or organ aspirating a pleural effusion performing an amniocentesis checking patency of an anastomosis by infusion of a contrast medium
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washing out of a hollow cavity, tube, or organ
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A blood test for the detection of prostate cancer is the AFP DRE PSA PET ALT
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PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
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Men over the age of ___________ should have an annual exam for ____________ cancer. 20; prostate 25; pancreatic 30; liver 40; ovarian 50; prostate
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50; prostate
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The percent of cancers that could be prevented by changes in lifestyle and the environment is ____________________. more than 90% 75% more than 50% 25% less than 10%
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more tha 50%
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Two words that have opposite meanings are malignant and metastatic benign and cancerous cancerous and malignant tumor and neoplasm tumor and swelling
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benign and cancerous
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The word progenitor means founder follower division fetal protein reproduction
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founder
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______________________ normally prevent mitosis and are activated by DNA damage to stop cell division. Mutagens Protooncogenes Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Growth factors
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Tumor suppressor genes
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PCBs, dioxins, and arsenic are examples of protooncogenes chemotherapy agents cell receptors carcinogens in cigarette smoke environmental carcinogens
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environmental carcinogens
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The L in BAL stands for lavage lymphocytosis latent lateral lysis
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lavage (bronchoalveolar lavage)
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The type of lung cancer that comes from round cells that have replaced epithelial cells of a bronchus: large cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma mesothelioma
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Which of the following words is derived from the Latin meaning crab? Tumor Malignant Cancer Oncology Metastasis
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Cancer
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The use of fluoroscopy to visualize blood vessels: teleradiology angioplasty scintigraphy angiography
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angiography
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Which body substance is most radiolucent? Bone Fat Muscle Water Air
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Air
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Themost common tracer used in 85% of all nuclear medicine imaging including bone scans, liver scans, renal function studies, and for labeling RBCs is 18F-FDG Thallium-201 Technetium-99m Gallium-67 Indium-111
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Technetium-99m
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A patient is noted to have a large benign tumor in the neck that is compressing the trachea. Treatment for this tumor would be: surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy surgical resection and chemotherapy only surgical resection only chemotherapy and radiation therapy only
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surgical resection only (bc it is not canerous)
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A particle that has the same mass of an electron and has a positive charge: photon positron proton pica
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positron
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The most commonly used tracer for the destruction of thyroid tissues is Gallium-67 Thallium-201 Iodine-123 Technetium-99m Iodine-131
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Iodine-131
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The most common type of cancer treated with proton beam therapy is _______________ cancer. colon breast prostate uterine brain
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prostate
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The person who operates ultrasound imaging devices to produce diagnostic images is a radiologic technician nuclear medicine technologist radiologist sonographer radiologic assistant
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sonographer
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The root in the word stereotactic means three-dimensional short orderly arrangement pertaining to feeling
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orderly arrangement
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The radiation delivered by nuclear medicine has a small chance of causing cancer because: the ionizing radiation it emits travels a short distance. its dose is high, but given over a short period of time. the beams are extremely precise. nuclear medicine does involve radiation to display image.
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the ionizing radiation it emits travels a short distance
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A type of nuclear medicine therapy involves fusing a monoclonal antibody with a radioactive material which is injected into a patient's blood stream. The antibody travels to and binds to the cancer cells, delivering a high dosage of radiation directly to the cells in the cancer. This type of therapy is called Proton beam therapy Brachytherapy Radioimmunotherapy Stereotactic radiation Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
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Radioimmunotherapy
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SPECT is an imaging technique utilized in: nuclear medicine radiation therapy magnetic resonance imaging ultrasound
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nuclear medicine
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A patient is noted to have a large malignant tumor in the neck that is compressing the trachea. Treatment for this tumor would be: surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy surgical resection and chemotherapy only surgical resection only chemotherapy and radiation therapy only
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surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation
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A professional that administers radiopharmaceuticals and operates cameras to detect and map the drug in the patient's body: nuclear medicine technologist nuclear medicine specialist radiotherapist radiologic assistant
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nuclear medicine technologist
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A physician wishes to determine the presence and locations of cancer. The physician should order a: CT scan with Iodine-123 PET scan with 18F-FDG CT scan with Indium-111 PET scan with Gallium-67
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PET scan with 18-FDG
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The reason why health professionals working in radiology wear film badges is to identify them as working in that department. to protect them from the harmful effects of radiation. to detect and record the amount of radiation to which they are exposed. to record how many x-rays the individual has taken every day. to initiate operation of the x-ray machine by swiping the film badge on the machine.
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to detect and record the amount of radiation to which they are exposed.
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A person that administers to radiation treatment to cancer patient: radiologist x-ray technician radiographer radiotherapist
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radiotherapist
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A type of x-ray therapy that would be used on a patient whose tumor is wrapped around a vulnerable structure such as a blood vessel or major organ is Intensity-modulated radiation therapy 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy Stereotactic radiation Proton beam therapy Conventional external beam radiation therapy
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Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
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Which of the following statements regarding radiation doses delivered to a patient during a nuclear medicine procedure is correct? The risk of developing cancer is great, therefore these procedures should be avoided during the childbearing years. The drugs are excreted through the kidneys and liver, therefore they are not used in patients with significant liver and kidney disease. The drugs cause numerous side effects and damage to surrounding structures. The drugs decay and are excreted through urine and stool. The patient is radioactive for up to one month following the procedure and must limit contact with children.
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The drugs decay and are excreted through urine and stool.
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The root/combining form that means x-ray beam is radi/o angi/o coron/o fluor/o stere/o
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fluor/o
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Iodine-123 is used for the: treatment of thyroid cancer detection of hepatic cancer treatment of overactive pituitary gland detection of thyroid disorders
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detection of thyroid disorders
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The method of radiologic imaging that is best to view the internal structures of the knee: CT scan MRI PET SPECT
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MRI
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In the word craniocaudal, the root means skull head tail pertaining to spine
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tail
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A digital x-ray taken at a rural hospital that does not have a radiologist on staff can be quickly interpreted by a radiologist at another hospital via: scintigraphy ultrasound teleradiology interventional radiology
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teleradiology
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The vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _______________ plane. Sagittal Axial Midsagittal Coronal Transverse
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coronal
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A patient with claustrophobia might have difficulty tolerating this diagnostic procedure: ultrasound projectional radiology interventional radiology magnetic resonance imaging
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magnetic resonance imaging
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The tracer used for myocardial perfusion scans in stress tests is Gallium-67 Thallium-201 Indium-111 18F-FDG Technetium-99m
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Thallium-201
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The suffix in the word angioplasty means rupture suture formation to examine surgical excision
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formation
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The suffix in the word radiotherapist means the study of pertaining to specialist radiation treatment
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specialist
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The gain or loss of an electron: ionization radiologic scintigraphy stereotactic
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ionization
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Which of the following statements correctly describes how ionizing radiation works? Ionizing radiation kills the cell. Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tissues exposed to it. Ionizing radiation makes the cell more susceptible to the effects of chemotherapy. Ionizing radiation prevents the cell from multiplying. Ionizing radiation weakens the cell making it susceptible to phagocytosis.
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Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tisses exposed to it.
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The physician orders a chest x-ray on a patient where the x-rays travel from a front source to an image receiver placed behind the patient. The abbreviation for this type of x-ray is DR CC AP PA MLO
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AP
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The root/combining form in the word claustrophobia means pertaining to closet fear confined space nourishment, development
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confined space
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The root/combining form angi/o means artery blood vessel vein heart before
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blood vessel
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When obtaining an AP CXR, the x-ray machine sends x-rays first through the: anterior chest wall posterior chest wall anterior abdominal wall posterior abdominal wall
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anterior chest wall
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A view from the head to the foot: mediolateral oblique anteroposterior craniocaudal sagittal
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craniocaudal
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The most radiopaque material in the body is the liver the lung bone fat water
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bone
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A radiograph of a breast is correctly correct called a: mammogram mammography tomogram tomography
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mammogram
