Nutrition chpt 4 – Flashcards
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Which artificial sweetener has a composition similar to aspartame?
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neotame
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Which statement is true of resistant starch?
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It resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes
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Which of the following fibers is water insoluble?
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cellulose
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What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America?
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corn
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Excessive consumption of soft drinks, orange juice, and sports drinks increases risk for development of caries because they contain sugar and ____.
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low PH
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What glycemic index category would include yogurt and soy milk?
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low
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Which food will provide 6 to 8 grams of fiber?
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1/2 cup baked beans
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Disaccharidase enzymes that hydrolyze the disaccharides into monosaccharides are found in the ____.
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Small intestine
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Which of the following is true of carbohydrate cravings and addictions?
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Carbohydrates are not addictive in the same ways that drugs are.
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What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?
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simple sugars
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A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is ____.
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High
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What is a byproduct of the condensation of two molecules of glucose?
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water
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A "functional fiber" is one that ____.
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is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
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What percentage of the world's adult population show good tolerance to lactose ingestion?
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30
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In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?
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muscle and liver
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Which statement is true of the carbohydrate content of dairy products?
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Most cheeses provide little, if any, carbohydrate.
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Which statement is true of low-carbohydrate diets?
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Total weight loss is about the same as in people on a low-fat diet
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According to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates?
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45-65
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What nutrient has accounted for virtually all of the increase in kcal intake of people in the United States since the 1970s?
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carbohydrate
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What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?
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condensation
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What is the composition of maltose?
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Two glucose units
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Which statement is true of sugar alcohols?
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They provide kcalories
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What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
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glycogen
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Which statement is true of diabetes?
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Dietary management should focus on balancing food portions and choices.
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High-fructose corn syrup is manufactured by adding an enzyme to cornstarch that creates fructose from ____.
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glucose
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Approximately what fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver?
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1/3
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What is the best definition of resistant starch?
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a starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine
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Ample amounts of carbohydrates are almost always found in ____.
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Plant foods
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Which sweetener contains a significant amount of iron?
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molasses
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The glycemic index of foods is ____.
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a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose
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Which statement is true of hypoglycemia?
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It rarely occurs in otherwise healthy people
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What is the composition of sucrose?
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one glucose and one fructose unit
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What is the primary organ that metabolizes fructose and galactose following absorption?
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liver
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About how many grams of carbohydrate are contained in one ounce of foods in the grain group?
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15
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When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?
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epinephrine
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When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
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glucagon
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Approximately how many kcalories are provided by one teaspoon of sugar?
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20
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In general, modifying a diet that by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in ____.
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fiber
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Which statement is true of lactose?
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It is used as filler in one out of five prescription drugs.
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What type of nutrient is starch?
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complex carbohydrate
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What is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose?
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invert sugar
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Which substance is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
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glucose
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What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine?
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liver
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Which of the following is a feature of kefir?
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It contains live bacterial organisms.
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What is the approximate energy content (kcal/g) of most sugar alcohols?
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0.2 to 2.6
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What is the primary function of insulin?
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lowering blood glucose levels
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Which food provides the most fiber?
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1 cup split peas
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What is the sweetest-tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet?
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fructose
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What is a normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose?
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70-99
