question

Metric system is

answer

a decimal system based on the power of 10

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The basic units of measure are

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gram (g, gm, G, GM) for weight; liter (l,L) for volume; and meter (m,M) for linear measurement or length.

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Prefixes indicate

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the size of the units in multiples of 10

question

Kilo is a prefix used for _______ units.

answer

larger

question

Milli, centi, micro and nano are prefixes used for _______ units.

answer

smaller

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Kilo stands for

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thousands

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Milli stands for

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one thousandths

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Centi stands for

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one hundredth

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The difference between degrees of magnitude is always a multiple of

answer

10

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Metric units most frequently used in drug notation are the following:

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1 g = 1000 mg 1 L = 1000 mL 1 mg = 1000 mcg

question

Gram (weight)

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1 kilgram (kg, Kg) = 1000 g 1 gram (g, gm, G, Gm) = 1 g 1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 g 1 microgram (mcg) = 0.000001 g 1 nanogram (ng) = 0.000000001 g

question

Liter (volume)

answer

1 kiloliter (kl, KL) = 1000 L (l) 1 liter (L,l) = 1 L (l) 1 milliliter (mL) = 0.001 L (l)

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Meter (length)

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1 kilometer (km) = 1000 m 1 meter (m, M) = 1 m 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m

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When converting larger units to smaller units in the metric system, move the decimal one space to the ______ for each degree of magnitude.

answer

right (this does not apply to micro and nano units)

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When converting smaller units to larger units in the metric system, move the decimal point one space to the ______ for each degree of magnitude of change.

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left

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Household measurement is not as accurate as the

answer

metric system

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Ounces are ______ ounces in the household measurement.

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fluid

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When converting larger units to smaller units within the household system, ________ the requested number by the basic equivalent value.

answer

multiply

question

When converting smaller units to smaller units within the household system, _______ the requested number by the basic equivalent value.

answer

divide

question

Apothecary system is

answer

no longer used

question

Household equivalents in fluid volume

answer

1 measuring cup = 8 ounces (oz) 1 medium size glass = 8 ounces (oz) 1 coffee cup (c) = 6 ounces (oz) 1 ounce (oz) = 2 tablespoons (T) 1 tablespoon (T) = 3 teaspoons (t) 1 teaspoon (t) = 60 drops (gtt) 1 drop (gtt) = 1 minim (min or m)

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The four general methods for the calculation of drug doses are the

answer

1. basic formula 2. ratio and proportion 3. fractional equation and 4. dimensional analysis

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(BW)

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body weight

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(BSA)

answer

body surface area

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The brand name is written in _____ letters.

answer

large

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The generic name is written in _______ letters.

answer

small

question

(BF)

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basic formula

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Most frequent method of calculating drug dosages is the

answer

basic formula

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Basic formula

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D/H x V = A

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D in the BF is

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the desired dose (drug dose ordered by the physician)

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H in the BF is

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the on hand dose (drug dose on the label of container)

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V in the BF is

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the vehicle (drug form in which the drug comes)

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A in the BF is

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the amount calculated to be given to the client

question

When using the metric system to convert the ordered drug and the drug on hand

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be sure to convert the ordered drug to the on hand drug before calculating the equation with the BF

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The oldest method currently used in the calculation of drug dosages

answer

ratio and proportion

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(RP)

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ration and proportion

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H in the RP is

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the drug on hand

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V in the RP is

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the vehicle or drug form (250mg/5mL, the 250 mg will be the drug on hand and the 5 mL will be the vehicle)

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D in the RP is

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the desired dose

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X in the RP is

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the unknown amount to give

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:: in the RP is

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the "as" or "equal to"

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RP equation

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H : V :: D : X (you multiply the extremes first which will be H x X and then the means which will be V x D; x does not have a number)

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Similar to ratio and proportion except it is written as a fraction

answer

fractional equation (FE)

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Fractional equation

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H/V = D/X H/V dosage on hand/vehicle = D/X desired dosage/unknown

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Calculation method known as units and conversions

answer

dimensional analysis (DA) (the advantage of DA is that it decreases a number of steps required to calculate a drug dosage)

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Dimensional analysis example

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1 cap x 500mg (order) Cap = ______________________ = 2 capsules 250mg (on hand) x 1 (250 goes into 500 two times and in itself 1 time, then multiply across)

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Calculation allows for the individualization of the drug dose

answer

body weight (BW)

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Body weight equation involves 3 steps

answer

1. convert pounds to kilograms if necessary (lb / 2.2 = kg) 2. determine drug dose per BW by multiplying as follows: drug dose x body weight =clients dose per day 3. follow the basic formula, ratio and proportion, fractional equation or dimensional analysis method to calculate the drug dosage

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Considered the most accurate way to calculate the drug dose for infants, children, older adults and clients who are on antineoplastic agents or whose BW is low

answer

body surface area (BSA)

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Body surface area equation

answer

drug dose ordered x (BSA) m^2 = mg/day

question

The formula for BSA using the square root

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BSA = height (inches) x wt (lb) (square root ) _______________________ 3131 (constant)

question

When administering oral medications via nasogastric tube, use ___ of fluid to mix it with.

answer

30 mL (do not mix with time released or sustained release drugs)

question

Drop factor

answer

the number of drops per milliliter

question

Macrodrip set

answer

an IV infusion set that delivers large drops per milliliter (10 to 20 gtt/mL)

question

Microdrip set

answer

an IV infusion set that delivers small drops per milliliter (60 gtt/mL)

question

The macrodrip set is usually used when administering at what rate?

answer

100mL/h or more. (anything less a microdrip set is used)

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(KVO)

answer

keep vein open

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(TKO)

answer

to keep open

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KVO or TKO is usually regulated to administer at what rate?

answer

10mL/h

question

Which method is preferred for calculating IV flow rate?

answer

method II

question

Method II has how many steps?

answer

2 steps

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Method II consists of:

answer

1. amount of fluid _______________ = milliliters per hour (mL/h) hours to administer 2. milliliters per hour x drops per milliliter (IV set) ______________________________________________ 60 minutes = drops/minute (gtt/min)

question

Intermittent IV therapy is when

answer

you have two IV lines hooked up to each other, the primary line is for the solution and the secondary line is for the medication

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(IVPB)

answer

IV piggyback

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Secondary IV tubing is used to infuse

answer

50 to 250 mL

question

Buretrol tubing is used to infuse

answer

150 mL (pediatric tubing)

question

IV push

answer

medications given via IV route

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Electronic intravenous regulators

answer

pumps

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Volumetric regulators

answer

delivers a specific volume of fluid at a specific rate, in milliliters per hour

question

Non-volumetric regulator

answer

is designed to infuse at a drop rate in drops per minute

question

To figure the minutes for administration use:

answer

Order: 5 mg Drug available: 10 mg/mL. IV infusion not to exceed 10 mg/4 min 10 mg : 4 min :: 5 mg : x 10x = 20 x = 2 min

question

(PCA)

answer

Patient controlled analgesia

question

Secondary set problem solve for gtt/min

answer

amount of solution x drops per milliliter (set) ____________________________________________ minutes to administer

question

Volumetric infusion pump rate problem solve

answer

amount of solution + the dose to be given x 60 minutes per hour/ minutes to administer = mL/h

question

To verify that the dose is within safe drug parameters you must

answer

first check the parameters with the weight based calculation: (3 kg x 65 = 195 mg/day) second calculate client daily dose: (50 mg x 3 = 150 mg/day) 150 mg/day is less than 195 mg/day, therefore it within safety parameters

question

What are the routes of administration for insulin and heparin?

answer

subQ and intravenous

question

After use of a prefilled cartridge and tubex injector, which pieces of equipment should be discarded?

answer

cartridge

question

The nurse is preparing an IM injection for an adult. What should be used for the needle gauge and length?

answer

19, 20, 21 gauge; 1, 1 1/2, 2 inches in length

question

Subcutaneous injections can be administered at which degree angles?

answer

45 degree, 60 degree and 90 degree angles

question

If the infusion rate is less than 100 mL/hr, the preferred IV set is _________.

answer

microdrip

question

KVO means __________________. The preferred size of IV bag for KVO is _______.

answer

keep vein open; 250 mL

question

Intermittent IV administration is prescribed when a drug is administered in a ________ volume of IV fluid over a ______ period of time.

answer

small; short

question

The buretrol is a ___________. It is used in __________

answer

calibrated cylinder with tubing; intermittent IV drug

Nursing Pharmacology Chapter 5 Medications and Calculations – Flashcards

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