NTR 241: Chapter 8 – Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism – Flashcards

A protein that accelerates the rate of chemical reactions but is not used up or changed during these reactions is called a/an ________. a. folate b. enzyme c. hormone d. nucleic acid

A coenzyme combines with a(n) ________ to activate it. a. cell membrane b. ATP c. hormone d. enzyme

The primary role of the B-vitamins is to ________. a. provide energy b. regulate blood glucose c. act as coenzymes d. reduce cholesterol

Excess B vitamins are ________. a. cleared by the kidney b. toxic to the body c. stored in the adipose tissue d. excreted in the feces

Thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin work together in biochemical pathways that ________. a. synthesize body tissues and lean body mass b. promote proper nutrient digestion and absorption c. release energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein d. control fluid equilibrium and mineral balance

The first B-vitamin discovered was ________. a. thiamin b. niacin c. pyridoxine d. riboflavin

A deficiency of thiamin that affects the cardiovascular, muscular, nervous, and gastrointestinal system is called ________. a. pellagra b. scurvy c. rickets d. beriberi

People with the greatest risk of thiamin and riboflavin deficiency are ________. a. infants b. adolescents c. the elderly d. pregnant women

The average American adult appears to get ________ amounts of thiamin in their diets. a. toxic b. adequate c. deficient d. negligible

Riboflavin is sensitive to________. a. light b. heat c. moisture d. air

Niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called ________. a. pellagra b. scurvy c. rickets d. beriberi

This B-vitamin is important in transamination, the process for making nonessential amino acids. a. riboflavin b. niacin c. B6 d. B12

________ acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. a. Thiamin b. Niacin c. B6 d. B12

Flushing of the face and skin can result from excess ________ supplementation. a. thiamin b. niacin c. B6 d. riboflavin

B6 is important for the metabolism of ________. a. cholesterol b. folate c. homocysteine d. energy

An essential component of coenzyme A is ________. a. biotin b. choline c. pantothenic acid d. iodine

A protein in raw egg whites can bind to ________ and prevent its absorption. a. biotin b. choline c. pantothenic acid d. iodine

A neurotransmitter that is involved in muscle movement and memory storage is ________. a. homocysteine b. biotin c. pyridoxine d. acetylcholine

Widely distributed in food, deficiency is rare for ________. a. biotin b. choline c. pantothenic acid d. pyridoxine

This B-vitamin is a component of carboxylase enzymes, which serve as the carriers of carbon dioxide. a. biotin b. choline c. pantothenic acid d. pyridoxine

A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is ________. a. pork b. white flour c. vegetables d. fats

To protect ________ from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in paper and opaque plastic cartons. a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. iodine

Responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, ________ is added to salt to combat deficiency in the United States. a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. iodine

This trace mineral enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells. a. iodine b. manganese c. chromium d. sulfur

Elevated blood concentration and neurotoxicity were the criteria used to determine the UL for ________. a. iodine b. manganese c. chromium d. sulfur

As part of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamin plays a critical role in ________. a. fatty acid metabolism b. carbohydrate digestion c. modulating the electron transport chain d. the breakdown of glucose for energy

The B-vitamins include a. niacin, folate, and iodine b. cobalamin, iodine, and chromium c. maganese, riboflavin, and pyridoxine d. thiamin, pantothenic acid, and biotin

Which of the following statements about choline is true? a. choline is found exclusively in foods of animal origin b. choline is a b-vitamin that assists in carbohydrate metabolism c. choline is a neurotransmitter that is involved in muscle movement and memory storage d. choline is necessary for the synthesis of phospholipids and other components of cell membranes

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest single cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation in the world is a. iodine deficiency b. chromium deficiency c. manganese deficiency d. sulfur deficiency

Which of the following lunches provides the highest levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6? a. cheeseburger on a white bun, french fries, applesauce, diet soda b. tuna sandwich on whole-wheat bread, green peas, banana, 1 cup of low-fat milk c. yogurt parfait (made with plain low-fat yogurt, canned peaches, and raw, unprocessed oats), fresh-squeezed orange juice d. green salad with olive oil and vinegar dressing, low-fat cottage cheese, slice of sourdough bread with butter, water

Which of the following statements is true of vitamin B12? a. it is critical to transamination b. is is found naturally only in animal-based foods c. its primary function in the body is to act as a coenzyme in protein metabolism d. deficiency during the early weeks of pregnancy can result in a newborn with a neural tube defect

T or F: There is no DRI for sulfur

T or F: Biotin is a b-vitamin

T or F: iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones

T or F: wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin deficiency related to chronic alcohol abuse

T or F: in the US, milk is fortified with riboflavin to prevent pellagra