Nervous System – Abbreviations and Procedures – Flashcards
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ADH
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adenocorticotrophic hormone
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ALS
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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ANS
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autonomic nervous system
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CAT
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computerized axial tomography
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CNS
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central nervous system
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CSF
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cerebrospinal fluid
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CT
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computed tomography
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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EMG
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electromyography
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EST
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electric shock therapy
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ICP
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intracranial pressure
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LOC
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level of consciousness
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LP
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lumbar puncture
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MRE
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MSLT
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multiple sleep latency test
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NCS
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nerve conduction study
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NPH
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normal-pressure hydrocephalus
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NREM
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non-rapid eye movement (stage of sleep)
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PEG
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pneumoencephalogram
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PET
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positron emission tomography
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PNS
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peripheral nervous system
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PSG
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polysomnogram
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REM
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rapid eye movement (stage of sleep)
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RT
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reading test
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SNS
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somatic nervous system
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TENS
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transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
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Babinski's reflex
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stroking the sole of the foot. Dorsiflexion of the big toe is a positive test.
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brain scan
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is a nuclear counter scanning of cranial content two hours after an intravenous injection of radioisotopes
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cerebral angiography
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visualizationof the cerebral vascular system via X-ray after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessel (carotid, femoral, or brachial)
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cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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CSF ontained from a lubar puncture is analyzed for the presence of bacteria, blood, or malignant cells as well as for the amount of protein and glucose present
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CT scan of the brain
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analysis of a 3D view of brain tissue
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chordotomy
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a neurosurgical procedure for pain control accomplished through a laminectomy, in which there is surgical interference of pathways within the spinal cord that control pain
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cisternal puncture
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the insertion of a short, beveled spinal needle into the cisterna magna to drain CSF or to obtain a CSF specimen
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craniotomy
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a surgical opening through the skull
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echoencephalography
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ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain
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electroencephalography (EEG)
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measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain and recorded through electrodes placed on the scalp
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electromyography
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process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current
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laminectomy
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surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
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lumbar puncture
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involves the insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space, generally between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae below the level of the spinal cord under strict aseptic technique
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MRI
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a noninvasive scanning procdure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures withou the use of radiation
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myelography
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introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture in order to visualize the spinal cord and vertebral column through x-ray examination
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neurectomy
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a neurosurgical procedure to relieve pain in a localized or small area by incision of cranial or peripheral nerves
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pneumoencephalography
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used to radiographically visualize one of the ventricles or fluid occupying spaces in the CNS.
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polysomnogram
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PSG, a sleep study that evaluates physical factors affecting sleep. Physical activity and level fo sleep are monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps
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positron emission tomography (PET)
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scan produces computerized radiographic images of various body structures when radioactive substances are inhaled or injected
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Romberg test
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used to evaluate cerebellar function and balance
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stereotaxic neurosurgery
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performed on a precise location of an area within the brain that controls specific function(s) and may involve destruction of brain tissue with various agents such as heat, cold, and sclerosing or corrosive fluids
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sympathectomy
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a surgical procedure used to interrupt a portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway for the purpose of relieving chronic pain
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tractotomy
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involves a craniotomy, through which the anterolateral pathway in the brain stem is surgically divided in an attempt to relieve pain
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TENS - transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
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a form of cutaneous stimulation for pain relief that supplies electrical impulses to the nerve endings of a nerve close to tthe pain site
