question

Ego's need for immediate gratification.

answer

Pleasure Principle

question

The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases.

answer

Etiology

question

An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________.

answer

Self-actualization

question

This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers)

answer

Unconditional Positive Regard

question

Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior.

answer

Shaping

question

Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses.

answer

Classical Conditioning

question

A behavior modification used to establish new behavior.

answer

reinforcement

question

The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________.

answer

Trait Theory

question

Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment.

answer

contextual worldview

question

Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called __________.

answer

libido

question

Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response

answer

counter conditioning

question

Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors.

answer

Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism

question

A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality.

answer

Psychosis

question

Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning.

answer

Maturation

question

Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________.

answer

modeling

question

The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure.

answer

cognitive dissonance

question

Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping directly with a stressful situation.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client.

answer

systematic desensitization

question

Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help shape human behavior.

answer

consequences

question

Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin.

answer

abnormal behavior

question

The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance.

answer

Jung's theory of Introversion

question

Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants.

answer

token economy

question

This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception of reality.

answer

Phenomenological

question

Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior.

answer

biological viewpoint

question

Use of family constellation

answer

Adler

question

traits and values

answer

Allport

question

vicarious conditioning

answer

Bandura

question

16 Personality Factor Questionairre

answer

Cattell

question

stage theory of development

answer

Erikson

question

Cognitive dissonance

answer

Festinger

question

id, ego, superego

answer

Freud

question

introversion-extroversion

answer

Jung

question

cognitive meaning making

answer

Kegan

question

Role Construct Repertory Test

answer

Kelly

question

Justice Reasoning & Moral development

answer

Kohlberg

question

Life Space

answer

Lewin

question

seven-stage ego development

answer

Loevinger

question

Self-actualization

answer

Maslow

question

Thematic apperception test

answer

Murray

question

Russian Psychologist

answer

Pavlov

question

dualism, relativism, & commitment

answer

Perry

question

original child psychologist

answer

Piaget

question

actualizing tendency

answer

Rogers

question

principle of reinforcement

answer

Skinner

question

interpersonal personality theory

answer

Sullivan

question

stimulus-response-consequence

answer

Thorndike

question

father of American behaviorism

answer

Watson

question

systematic desensitization

answer

Wolpe

question

The main factor in defining a minority.

answer

Oppression

question

In order to better serve Hispanic American clients, counselors should be__________& _____________.

answer

bilingual and bicultural

question

Counselors who do not resolve their own__________will undermine their own work with minority clients.

answer

prejudice

question

The "Superwoman Syndrome" is an exampe of ______.

answer

role strain

question

When too many demands come from various areas of a person's life this results.

answer

role conflict

question

Sex role ___________ is unhealthy, where ___________promotes better functioning.

answer

stereotyping, androgyny

question

Times of change from one role or stage to the next are referred to as ______________.

answer

transitions

question

______________ or __________________makes employment, housing, medical, and other services difficult to obtain.

answer

Discrimination against elderly, ageism

question

This is detrimental to a counselor's work with gay men or lesbian women.

answer

homophobia

question

In determining treatment situations for clients, counselors should look for _____________.

answer

least restrictive environment

question

Public law 94-192 improved services for children with ________________.

answer

disabilities

question

_____________or ________________ are more distinct in early life and more alike in the elderly.

answer

Gender roles, Sex roles

question

In building rapport with minority clients, counselors need to be aware of ___________.

answer

nonverbal communication

question

Child, parent, & grandparent are the major ________.

answer

family roles

question

Females actually have greater ___________ than males.

answer

verbal ability

question

The balance between work life, family life, and leisure.

answer

role integration

question

_______________ dictate the customs, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular racial or ethnic group.

answer

culture-bound values

question

Culture conflict is a major issue for many _________.

answer

Asian Americans

question

Pessimism, stoicism, & laziness are stereotypes of ______________.

answer

Native Americans

question

The counselor must accurately diagnose the problem taking cultural norms into consideration before

answer

effective intervention can take place.

question

The belief that clients should change to fit the environment.

answer

autoplastic view

question

The belief tht suggests changing the outside world.

answer

Alloplastic view

question

Counselors are often called to collaborate with medical and legal personnel when dealing with

answer

abuse

question

As nontraditional families increase, the traditional_____________ is declining.

answer

nuclear family

question

This decreases as one's age increases.

answer

cohort group

question

Lesbians and gays reveal their sexual orientation to themselves and/or others.

answer

The process of coming out

question

grieving process

answer

Kubler-Ross

question

emic-etic dilemma

answer

Draguns

question

life-career rainbow

answer

Super

question

primarily from China, Japan, & the Phillipines

answer

Asian Americans

question

life review therapy

answer

Butler

question

American Indian, Alaska Native, and New Indian

answer

Native Americans

question

primarily African

answer

Black Americans

question

developmental stages

answer

Erikson

question

MID model

answer

Atkinson, Morten, & Sue

question

Sex Role Inventory

answer

Bem

question

primarily Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican

answer

Hispanic Americans

question

five life-span eras

answer

Levinson

question

This may be basic, additive, or subtractive.

answer

empathy

question

This treatment focuses on the client's past.

answer

psychoanalysis

question

When counselors accept and value clients without reservation, they demonstrate __________.

answer

UPR

question

This type of therapy insists that clients take full responsibility for their actions.

answer

reality

question

Humanistic counselors believe clients are inherently moving towards ____________.

answer

self-actualization

question

This relationship is voluntary, professional, and egalitarian.

answer

consultation

question

Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are showing

answer

genuiness.

question

This counselor has a personal style incorporating various theories and approaches.

answer

eclectic

question

According to __________, clients' current behaviors, feelings, and actions are based on their life scripts.

answer

TA View

question

__________developed scales for measuring empathy, genuiness, and respect.

answer

Carkhuff

question

Counselors who fear rejection or closeness and affection may have difficulty developing _________in the helping relationship.

answer

intimacy

question

Clients feel they have really been understood when counselors use accurate ______________.

answer

reflection of content and feeling.

question

_____________ uses an approach that is very effective for treating depression.

answer

Beck

question

Counselors who apply complete thinking, feeling & behavior towards clients, use helping skill known as

answer

attending

question

This approach explores what is affecting the client in the here and now.

answer

Gestalt

question

Listening, attending, & inquiring

answer

helping skills

question

_____________recognized the importance of a person's position in the family constellation.

answer

Adler

question

When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, _________ takes place.

answer

transference

question

He introduced the concept of observational learning.

answer

Bandura

question

A process of eliminating anxiety by pairing the anxiety-evoking situation with a relaxing response.

answer

systematic desenstization

question

A basic premise of ____________ is that people are influenced by the consequences of their behavior.

answer

behavior modification

question

This view holds that individuals are essentially good in nature with a tendency toward growth and productivity..

answer

client-centered view

question

Flooding the client with anxiety-producing stimuli within a safe setting is called

answer

implosive therapy

question

Counselors who keep confidentiality, are reliable, and are dependable slowly develop

answer

trustworthiness

question

The concept of collective unconscious was introduced by

answer

Jung

question

Adler

answer

individual psychology

question

Bandura

answer

social learning theory

question

Beck

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Berne

answer

TA

question

Caplan

answer

mental health consultation

question

Carkhuff

answer

counselor response scales

question

Egan

answer

helping skills

question

Ellis

answer

RET & REBT

question

Frankl

answer

paradoxical intention

question

Freud

answer

psychoanalysis

question

Gendlin

answer

focusing

question

Glasser

answer

reality therapy

question

Horney

answer

neo-Freudian

question

Ivey

answer

microskills

question

Jung

answer

analytical psychotherapy

question

Kurpius

answer

consultation modalities

question

Maslow

answer

hierarchy of needs

question

Moreno

answer

psychodrama

question

Parsons

answer

father of guidance

question

Perls

answer

gestalt

question

Rogers

answer

person-centered

question

Schein

answer

process consultation

question

Skinner

answer

behavior modification

question

Wolpe

answer

behavior therapy

question

This leadership style leaves all the group decision making up to the members of the group.

answer

Laissez-faire

question

The group's attractiveness to it's members is known as

answer

cohesiveness

question

One of the first things a group needs to do is start developing rules of conduct, known as

answer

norms

question

One of the basic techniques in transactional analysis is called

answer

life-script analysis

question

Personal growth group leaders are referred to as

answer

facilitators

question

This consists of the members of the groups analyzing the group's functioning.

answer

group process

question

Members may join at any time during the life of this type of group.

answer

Open Group

question

A direct expression of one's views and feelings in a conflict situation that also invites the oppostition to do the same.

answer

confrontation

question

One way groups are helpful is by providing members with

answer

in vivo

question

This concludes that group members change their behavior as a result of being observed.

answer

The Hawthorne Effect

question

"What happens in the group stays in the group" is an underlying assumption of

answer

confidentiality

question

According to Gazda, the stage linking exploration and action is the

answer

transition

question

"Primary," "secondary," and "tertiary" refer to

answer

prevention

question

These define the expectations of the group concerning the group members.

answer

Group roles

question

Counselors who focus on the group as a whole use

answer

horizontal intervention

question

This occurs when clients project onto the therapist feelings having to do with past relationships.

answer

transference

question

A method of letting clients know ahead of time the nature, expectations, and goals of the group, especially in mandatory groups.

answer

Informed consent

question

Neurotic personalities are better handled in ____________ rather than group counseling.

answer

group psychotherapy

question

When group members give _____________to another group member, they are letting that person know how his/her behavior affects others.

answer

feedback

question

Established principles that guide counselors in the conscientious practice of their profession are known as

answer

ethics

question

Another name for laboratory group is

answer

sensitivity group

question

An action method of group therapy that was first developed in Vienna.

answer

Psychodrama

question

A ___________________ has an M.D. degree, where a __________________ has a Ph.D. degree.

answer

Psychiatrist, Psychologist

question

A diagram that depicts relationships within a group is called a

answer

sociogram

question

An observation that can be scientifically described is said to be

answer

phenomenological

question

Adler

answer

family group guidance

question

Bale

answer

interaction analysis

question

Bandura

answer

learning theory

question

Benne and Sheats

answer

roles:task, individual, maintenance

question

Lewin

answer

term:group dynamics

question

Luft and Ingram

answer

Johari's window

question

Moreno

answer

psychodrama

question

Rogers

answer

group centered

question

Yalom

answer

curative factors

question

The matching approach to a career development is known as

answer

trait and factor

question

Role-playing is a form of the career development approach known as

answer

simulation

question

_________'s theory of career development uses the hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow.

answer

Roe

question

The Dictionary of Occupational Titles codes occupations according to field and gives reference to

answer

data, people, and things

question

If the test has high ___________, we can assume the test actually measures what it claims to measure.

answer

validity

question

This refers to average performance consdiering the mean, median, and mode.

answer

central tendency

question

The ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.

answer

Ratio IQ Score

question

Kuder-Richadson Formula 20 is a mathematical formula used to estimate ________________ or homogeneity.

answer

Internal Consistency

question

In a sociogram, an unselected individual is referred to as this.

answer

Isolate

question

This is the most frequently occurring score in a given distribution.

answer

Mode

question

If scores pile up at one end of the distribution or the other, it is said to be a ___________________________.

answer

Skewed Distribution

question

A normal score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.

answer

T-Score

question

A typing test is an example of a _________________ test.

answer

Proficiency

question

___________________ refers to the extent to which measurements correlate with a particular criterion when both are measured at the same time; whereas ________________________refers to the correlation between test scores on a particular criterion and later performance on the same criterion.

answer

Concurrent Validity Predictive Validity

question

The tendency for an individual's score to move closer to the mean on subsequent testing is known as this:

answer

Regression Effect

question

The degree to which scores in one distribution explain scores in another distribution is referred to as _________________________.

answer

Shared Variance

question

The _______________________, a common rating error, causes the rater to evaluate a subject based on an overall impression, rather than on the particular trait in question.

answer

Halo Effect

question

Kaufman Asessment Battery for Children

answer

Intelligence

question

Kuder

answer

Interest

question

MMPI

answer

Personality

question

Myers-Briggs

answer

Personality

question

WAIS

answer

Intelligence

question

______________ scales are interval scales with an absolute zero point.

answer

Ratio

question

Standard deviation is a measre of this.

answer

Variability

question

Measure of central tndency include ______________, __________________, and _________________.

answer

Mean, Median, Mode

question

In research, a varbiable that is a conseqence of an antecedent variable is called this.

answer

Dependent Variable

question

This type of scale places objecs or individuals into categories.

answer

Nominal Scale

question

Maturation, regression and experimental mortality are examples of threats to this.

answer

Internal Validity

question

To compare the mean scores of two groups, this test should be used.

answer

T Test

question

Interval and ratio data are ___________________, and nominal and ordinal are _______________________.

answer

Quantitative data; Qualitative Data

question

In this type of research, the independent variable is not within the control of the researcher.

answer

Ex Post Facto

question

When two or more groups are being compared, the omnibus _________________ can be used to determine if any significant diferences exist.

answer

F Test

question

When ______________________________ is used, each member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen.

answer

Simple Random Sampling

question

The calculated and critical t values are compared to determine whether or not to reject this.

answer

Null Hypothesis

question

This has to do with the generalizability of the results of a study.

answer

External Validity

question

This refers to the strength of the relationship between two variables.

answer

Correlation

question

Hawthorne

answer

An Experimental effect that threatens internal validity

question

Likert

answer

Summated Rating Scales

question

Solomon

answer

Research design with three or four groups

question

A counselor who meets the educational and exprimental requirements may become a(n) _____________________ of the AAMFT.

answer

Clinical member

question

Counselors who are devoted to self-improvement as well as improvement of the counseling profession are said to have good _______________________ ____________________.

answer

Professional Orientation

question

Although professional ________________ are not legally binding, they are enforced by professional organizations.

answer

Ethics

question

Before conducting research with human subjects, professional counselors should obtain this.

answer

Informed Consent

question

Counselors are guilty of this when they date or have other nonprofessional involvement with clients.

answer

Dual Relationships

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