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Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four- block tower on her own is known as

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Scaffolding. Scaffolding is a term used by Vygostky that explains what susie's mother is doing. She is adjusting her level of support to susie based on Susie's level of performance.

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According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of :

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Intimacy

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development ?

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Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. Hen Jacob asks why, his father responds, "Because, I said so. " The father's response is most representative of which parenting style ?

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Authoritarian . The authoritarian parenting style uses coercive techniques and psychological control to discipline children.

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Harry Harlow used used baby monkeys and several different kinds of " surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys :

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Preferred a soft terry cloth "mother" to a wire-mes " mother" that held a bottle.

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Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States?

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Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.

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Cody does what his parents says because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what in Kohlberg's theory of moral development ?

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preconventional

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Josie likes to play peek a boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds the game fun because he has acquired _______, which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

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object permanence

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The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is

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Bowlby

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Henry, a 27 year old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erickson's

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ego integrity stage

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When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ____ aggression then boys.

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relational. relational aggression often occurs in girls and involves the use of social exclusion, malicious gossip, or peer manipulation in order to damage another person's peer relationships.

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All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome Expect :

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large hands and feet

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Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familal influences on self esteem?

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an authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self esteem .

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Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates :

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They are as dedicated to and effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.

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in the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly ?

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The social context

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In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the follow circumstances EXCEPT when _____.

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the victim was in an adjoining room so the " teacher" heard every sound the victim made.

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In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that ____.

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within a short amount of time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical aliments.

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In what ways do stereotypes distort reality ?

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Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups.

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Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening with at home with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of the choices. This situation describes an :

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avoidance- avoidance conflict

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Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the ____ perspective.

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emic

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Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the counselor :

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have a sensitivity to the needs of the individuals and have a knowledge about the different cultures.

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A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse populations involves all of the following EXPECT :

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Treat all clients the same way. The most appropriate standard of are for a counselor who works with multicultural clients is to to treat each client individually.

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When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not :

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maintain good eye contact at all times

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Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets in completes, which eventually becomes Fs. Murray's therapist helps him establish small, specific goals rather than vague, long' range goals. The therapist also ask Murry to keep a dairy of how he is spending his time when he is avoiding his studies. The method used to help Murray deal with his problem is ____ therapy.

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behavioral

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The social learning perspective is to the psychdynamic perspective as ____ are to ____.

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enviornmental conditions ; unconscious dynamics

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The process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts, in the course of a psychodynamic therapy session, is referred to as

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Free association

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Which of the following is not a behavioral therapy ?

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unconditional positive regard

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The primary goal of ____ therapy is to find meaning in life .

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existential

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Which of the following pairings of problem and the most successful therapy for that problem is INCORRECT ?

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childhood behavior problems and existential therapy... childhood behavior is psychoanaytic is childhood

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The bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client is called

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therapeutic alliance

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An apparent treatment success that is due to the patient's expectation or hopes rather then the treatment itself is called ___.

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The placebo effect

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In ___ therapy , the therapist uses logical arguments to challenge a client's unrealistic beliefs or expectations.

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rational emotive behavior

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Systematic desensitization and "flooding" are ____ therapies.

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Behavioral.

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Which of the following types of psychotherapists would be most likely to use free association and transference ?

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Psychodynamic therapists

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___ is a humanist approach that emphasizes the tragic aspects of life, the burden of responsibility, and the need to face the inevitability of death.

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existerntialism

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According to carl rogers, __ is love and support to another with no strings attached.

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Unconditional positive regard

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Which of the following pairs of personality theorists and perspectives is INCORRECT?

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Carl Jung; genetic... Jung is actually neo freud.

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Which of the following terms is associated with transactional anaylsis ?

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Complementray transcations . Transactional anaysis looks at the interactions or transacitions that occur within an individual.

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Which one of the following does not belong with the other three ?

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Glasser. Glasser is assoicated with reality therapy .

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The withdrawal of reinforcement until the condition response no longer occurs is known as

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extinction

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Freud is to ego , id, and superego as ____ is to parent, adult, and child.

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Berne . Parent, adult, child, is a term associated with transactinal analysis, assoicated primarily with Eric Berne

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Developed by Luft and Ingham, ___ asserts that there are four parts to the personality; the public self, the blind self, the private self, and the unknown self.

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the concept of the johari window

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in which is the focus on the meaning of life and the relevance of the individual experience.

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existential counseling

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Popular techniques of this approach are role playing, " empty chair", and making the rounds

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Gesalt

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Popular techniques of this approach are examination of clients memories, spitting in the clients soup, and catching onself

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adlerian. adlerian counselors utilize examination of clients memories.

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In this therapeutic approach, the counselors emphasis is on being authentic while concentrating on verbal and nonverbal messages.

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existential counseling. in existential counseling the role of the counselor is to authentic and understanding of the client while stressing the personal relationship and sharing experiences.

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Paradoxical intention, implosive therapy, and thought stopping are all techniques used by ____ counselors.

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behavior. remember techniques employed in classical and opereant conditioning.

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Stress inoculation is a concept introduced by

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Donald Meichenbaum . the purpose is to help the client deal with future stres. The three step process involves having the client monitor the impact of the inner dialogue on behavior when under stress, rehearsing new self talk, and implementing new self talk during the stressful situation. ( behavioral counseling)

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According to Freud, ___ is the most important defense mechanism. An example of this defense mechanism is when a woman who has been physically abused by her spouse doesn't remember ever being hurt by him.

answer

repression

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A dog that has been trained to stop and stand at attention when she hears a duck call does not stop and stand at attention when she hears a goose call. This is an example of :

answer

Stimulus discrimination occurs when a stimulus that resembles a condition stimulus fails to evoke the condition response.

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