question

add -ius to positive stem, so 'celer' turns to 'celerius' = more swiftly

answer

making adverbs from adjectives: comparative

question

-issimus -a -um changes to -issime

answer

making adverbs from adjectives: superlative

question

Augustus appellatur imperator = Augustus IS NAMED emperor, which is yet another way to rock that same old predicate nominative (is, seems, becomes)

answer

Nominative: predicate nominative with passive verbs

question

Caesar was becoming angry

answer

fio fis fit: Caesar iratus fiebat

question

for the sake OF the city (causā and gratiā plus genitive: "for the sake OF _______")

answer

causā urbis

question

for the sake OF drinking (causā and gratiā plus genitive: "for the sake OF _______")

answer

causā bibendi

question

for the sake OF art (causā and gratiā plus genitive: "for the sake OF _______")

answer

gratiā artis

question

"a man OF intelligence" (the genitive is used to describe qualities -- but it still means OF. this same thing works with the ablative: homo intelligentiā)

answer

homo intelligentiae

question

the killing OF Caesar (again, genitive still means OF, but this time the genitive sounds like a direct object)

answer

interfectio Caesaris

question

there is, to me, a sword = a sword is to me = I HAVE a sword (with the 'dative of the possessor' remember that 'the dative HAS the nominative')

answer

mihi est gladius

question

"Caesar was FOR a help TO me" = "Caesar was helpful TO me" (this is the dreaded DOUBLE DATIVE, which is always something like, "SUBJECT is FOR _______ TO (someone)" cordi (precious), auxilio (helpful), usui (useful), curae (a worry), impedimento (a hindrance))

answer

Caesar mihi auxilio erat

question

"Caesar is becoming a worry to us" (this is the dreaded DOUBLE DATIVE, which is always something like, "SUBJECT is FOR _______ TO (someone)" cordi (precious), auxilio (helpful), usui (useful), curae (a worry), impedimento (a hindrance))

answer

Caesar nobis curae fit

question

"mother was precious to me" (this is the dreaded DOUBLE DATIVE, which is always something like, "SUBJECT is FOR _______ TO (someone)" cordi (precious), auxilio (helpful), usui (useful), curae (a worry), impedimento (a hindrance))

answer

Mater mihi cordi erat

question

"friendly TO ME" (certain adjectives go naturally with a dative, such as amicus, carus and similis)

answer

amicus mihi

question

"dear TO US" (certain adjectives go naturally with a dative, such as amicus, carus and similis)

answer

carus nobis

question

"similar TO THAT [MAN]" (certain adjectives go naturally with a dative, such as amicus, carus and similis)

answer

similis illi

question

"I give an order TO THEM" (certain verbs go naturally with a dative, like impero pareo placeo praeficio and prosum, prodesse)

answer

impero eis

question

"he appears angry TO ME" (certain verbs go naturally with a dative, like impero pareo placeo praeficio and prosum, prodesse)

answer

ille iratus paret mihi

question

"nothing was pleasing TO Augustus" (certain verbs go naturally with a dative, like impero pareo placeo praeficio and prosum, prodesse)

answer

nihil PLACEBAT Augusto

question

"I place envoys (acc) in charge of the legions (dat)" so, to place an accusative in charge of a dative. (certain verbs go naturally with a dative, like impero pareo placeo praeficio and prosum, prodesse)

answer

PRAEFICIO legatos legionibus

question

"they are not useful TO US" so, to be useful TO a dative. (certain verbs go naturally with a dative, like impero pareo placeo praeficio and prosum, prodesse)

answer

non PROSUNT nobis

question

"I am coming FROM ROME" (remember, with the proper names of cities, small islands, and the specific words domus, rus, humus you get SPECIAL PLACE CONSTRUCTIONS. This means they do not use prepositions to express TO (acc) FROM (abl) or AT (locative, which usually looks like the dative, except in 2nd sing, where it looks genitive)

answer

Romā venio

question

"I was living IN ATHENS" (remember, with the proper names of cities, small islands, and the specific words domus, rus, humus you get SPECIAL PLACE CONSTRUCTIONS. This means they do not use prepositions to express TO (acc) FROM (abl) or AT (locative, which usually looks like the dative, except in 2nd sing, where it looks genitive)

answer

Athenīs habitabam

question

"it falls TO THE GROUND" (remember, with the proper names of cities, small islands, and the specific words domus, rus, humus you get SPECIAL PLACE CONSTRUCTIONS. This means they do not use prepositions to express TO (acc) FROM (abl) or AT (locative, which usually looks like the dative, except in 2nd sing, where it looks genitive)

answer

humum cadit

question

he said that Caesar would come (indirect statement, subject accusative, infinitive translated in relative time)

answer

dixit Caesarem venturum esse

question

he said that Caesar had come (indirect statement, subject accusative, infinitive translated in relative time)

answer

dixit Caesarem venisse

question

he said Caesar was coming (indirect statement, subject accusative, infinitive translated in relative time)

answer

dixit Caesarem venire

question

"in the company of Vergil" or "at Vergil's place" or "in the writings of Vergil" (this is one of three 'new' prepositions (apud, praeter, super), all of which take the accusative, not the ablative. as a matter of fact, once you understand Happy House, every other preposition takes the accusative except for CUM SINE SUB PRO)

answer

apud Vergilium

question

"beyond them" this means beyond both as in 'past' (walk beyond the hill) and 'except'. (this is one of three 'new' prepositions (apud, praeter, super), all of which take the accusative, not the ablative. as a matter of fact, one you understand Happy House, every other preposition takes the accusative except for CUM SINE SUB PRO)

answer

praeter eos

question

'above' or 'over' also in terms of quantity, as in "I've consumed over three Shastae." (this is one of three 'new' prepositions (apud, praeter, super), all of which take the accusative, not the ablative. as a matter of fact, one you understand Happy House, every other preposition takes the accusative except for CUM SINE SUB PRO)

answer

super

question

"with Caesar having been killed..." (this is the ablative absolute: a noun and a participle in the ablative, translated as "WITH"+noun trans+participle trans. stick to that formula and you'll figure it out)

answer

Caesare interfecto...

question

"a woman OF wisdom" this is the ablative of description, which does the same thing as the (more intuitive) genitive of description: femina sapientiae.

answer

femina sapientiā

question

"freed FROM fear" this is an example of the ablative meaning 'from' without a preposition.

answer

liberatus metu

question

_______self (ipse = intensive: does not add a new element: I myself am tired. SE, reflexive, re-adds the subject: he tires himself)

answer

ipse

question

'same' this is where we get 'identity' and 'identical' and 'identify'. it's basically 'is ea id' with -dem attached to the end. here's what the whole thing looks like: http://people.hsc.edu/drjclassics/Latin/index_cards/idem_eadem_idem.shtm

answer

idem

question

'someone, anyone' this is quis quid or qui quae quod with ali- on the front. remember that after si, nisi, num, and ne, this turns to quis quid, right? here's what it looks like: http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/adjectives/a/012911-Latin-Indefinite-Adjective-Aliquis.htm

answer

aliquis, aliquid

question

'a certain'. this is just qui quae quod with -dam on the end. tricky: it always looks feminine acc sing, but don't be fooled. it looks like this: http://www2.uni-erfurt.de/renzi/latein/ZKONLINE/Vokabel/quidam.htm

answer

quidam

question

'each' this is just "quis quid" or "qui quae quod" with -que added to the end. makes sense that it does not have a plural, right? it looks like this: http://abacus.bates.edu/acad/depts/crll/latin101/Chapter13/indef.pn.htm

answer

quisque

question

means "another" and declines like ille illa illud (alter means THE other)

answer

alius alia aliud

question

means "THE other" and declines like ille illa illud (alius means ANother)

answer

alter altera alterum

question

means "only" or "alone" and declines like ille illa illud (ie, the genitive will be solius, etc)

answer

solus sola solum

question

means "good" -- but how do the comparative and superlative go? just like "good better best" instead of "good gooder goodest", it's irregular

answer

bonus a um

question

this means "easy" -- but why might it have an irregular superlative?

answer

facilis, facile

question

this means "free" -- but why might it have an irregular superlative? idoneus a um this means "suitable" or "ideal" but has irregular comparative and superlative: magis idoneus (means MORE suitable) and maxime idoneus (means MOST suitable).

answer

liber, libera, liberum

question

this means "suitable" or "ideal" but has irregular comparative and superlative: magis idoneus (means MORE suitable) and maxime idoneus (means MOST suitable).

answer

idoneus a um

question

melius ("better" as in ameliorate)

answer

bene: what's the comparative?

question

optime ("best" -- as an adverb, so not "best sandwich" but "he sings best")

answer

bene: what's the superlative?

question

for a long time

answer

diu means:

question

diutius (for a longer time)

answer

diu: comparative?

question

diutissime (for the longest time)

answer

diu: superlative?

question

"as ___________ as possible." So, 'quam celerrime' would mean 'as swiftly as possible'.

answer

quam + superlative

question

greatly

answer

magnopere means:

question

magis opere (more greatly)

answer

magnopere: comparative?

question

maxime opere (most greatly)

answer

magnopere: superlative?

question

if

answer

si

question

for, because

answer

nam

question

for, because

answer

enim

question

therefore

answer

igitur

question

however

answer

autem

question

nevertheless

answer

tamen

question

and not

answer

neque

question

followed by subjunctive: 'that' or 'so that'; NOT followed by subjunctive: 'as'

answer

ut

question

whether_______ or________

answer

sive...sive...

question

either_________ or________

answer

vel...vel...

question

neither_________ nor________

answer

nec...nec

question

like -ne or -que, adds onto the end of a word. It means 'or' before the word. So, Caesar Brutove would mean 'Caesar or Brutus'

answer

-ve

question

forms will be almost all passive. translate them all as active. Here are some examples of common deponent verbs: conor, conari, conatus sum (1) to try loquor, loqui, locutus sum (3) to speak morior, mori, mortuus sum (3) to die orior, oriri, orsus sum (4) to rise potior, potiri, potitus sum (4) to gain mastery of sequor, sequi, secutus sum (3) to follow utor, uti, usus sum (3) to use vereor, vereri, veritus sum (2) to fear

answer

deponents

question

forms might be active or passive, but translate them all as active. most common ones are: audeo, audēre, ausus sum - to dare; gaudeo, gaudēre, gavisus sum - to rejoice; soleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomed to

answer

semi-deponents

question

"I become" or "I happen" fio fis fit fimus fitis fiunt. This is another way we can get a predicate nominative: morning BECOMES eclectic, etc. the present active subjunctive third person singular is the name an Italian car, which kinda translates into the name of a Beatles song. Future? fiam fies fiet etc.

answer

fio

question

"I prefer." be able to recognize malo mavis mavult malumus mavultis malunt as the present of this. Subjunctive is we beat all liars, friar TIM: malim, malis, malit etc. Future? Malam males malet etc.

answer

malo

question

"I want." be able to recognize volo vis vult volumus vultis volunt as the present of this. Subjunctive is we beat all liars, friar TIM: velim velis velit etc. Future? volam voles volet etc.

answer

volo

question

"I don't want." be able to recognize nolo non vis non vult nolumus non vultis nolunt as the present of this. Subjunctive is we beat all liars, friar TIM: nolim nolis nolit etc. Future? nolam noles nolet etc.

answer

nolo

question

"it is necessary" this impersonal verb works fine with an infinitive (oportet vivere = it is necessary to live) or with accusative plus infinitive (mendacem oportet esse memorem = it is necessary FOR a liar TO BE mindful)

answer

oportet

question

"it is appropriate" this impersonal verb takes an accusative of the person for whom it is appropriate. ie, "Caesarem decebat nihil dicere" means "it was appropriate FOR Caesar to say nothing"

answer

decet

question

"he says that Caesar is coming to Rome" Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he says Caesar to come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

dicit Caesarem Romam venire

question

"he says that Caesar came to Rome." Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he says Caesar to have come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

dicit Caesarem Romam venisse

question

"he says that Caesar will come to Rome." Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he says Caesar to be about to come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

dicit Caesarem Romam venturum esse

question

"he believed that Caesar was coming to Rome." Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he believed Caesar to come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

credidit Caesarem Romam venire

question

"he believed that Caesar had come to Rome." Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he believed Caesar to have come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

credidit Caesarem Romam venisse

question

"he believed that Caesar would come to Rome." Ok, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "he believed Caesar to be about to come to Rome." This is your old friend indirect statement, starting with a verb of SAYING, THINKING, PERCEIVING, then we add the word "that", then we translate the ACCUSATIVE as a SUBJECT and the INFINITIVE as an INDICATIVE VERB. Present infinitive should sound like it's happening simultaneous with the STP verb, perfect infinitive should sound like it's happening before the STP verb, and future infinitive should sound like it's happening after the STP verb.

answer

credidit Caesarem Romam venturum esse

question

"Let's live, my Lesbia, and let's love!" The present subjunctive, used independently (ie, not in a subordinate clause) can mean "Let (subject)(verb)" or "(subject)(should) verb". (Technically, for those who are curious, this is called "hortatory" when it is first plural, and "jussive" when it's anything else. It's a sort of more polite version of an imperative: 'you should shut the door' instead of 'shut the door!')

answer

vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus!

question

"He spoke to me so that I might be quiet" = He told me to be quiet. This follows the general rule that UT followed by subjunctive means THAT or SO THAT. Next, try translating the subjunctive with "may" "might" etc, and if that sounds weird try translating it as indicative. (technically this is called an "indirect command", but it's more important to be able to translate it than to know what it's called)

answer

Mihi dixit ut tacerem.

question

"He gives an order to the children so that they may not go out" = He orders the children not to go out. This follows the general rule that UT followed by subjunctive means THAT or SO THAT. Next, try translating the subjunctive with "may" "might" etc, and if that sounds weird try translating it as indicative. (technically this is called an "indirect command", but it's more important to be able to translate it than to know what it's called)

answer

Liberis imperat ne exeant.

question

"He was ordering so that they might go to school" = He was ordering them to go to school. This follows the general rule that UT followed by subjunctive means THAT or SO THAT. Next, try translating the subjunctive with "may" "might" etc, and if that sounds weird try translating it as indicative. (technically this is called an "indirect command", but it's more important to be able to translate it than to know what it's called)

answer

Mandabat ut irent ad ludum.

question

"They came home so that they might eat" = They came home to eat = They came home in order to eat. This follows the general rule that UT followed by subjunctive means THAT or SO THAT. Next, try translating the subjunctive with "may" "might" etc, and if that sounds weird try translating it as indicative. (Technically this is called a purpose clause, because it explains the subject's PURPOSE in doing what they did.)

answer

Domum vēnerunt ut ederent.

question

"The man was so tired that he was not able to walk." This follows the general rule that UT followed by subjunctive means THAT or SO THAT. Next, try translating the subjunctive with "may" "might" etc, and if that sounds weird try translating it as indicative.

answer

Homo tam fessus erat ut non ambulare posset.

question

"I don't know why farmers aren't happier than poets." (this is an indirect question. translate the main verb first [nescio = I don't know] and then the question word [quare = why] and then translate the subjunctive as the equivalent indicative tense [ie, translate 'sint' as 'sunt'])

answer

nescio quare agricolae non laetiores sint quam poetae.

question

"she had not said to me how many pigs the soldiers were about to eat (would eat)." (this is an indirect question. translate the main verb first [dixerat = she had said] and then the question word [quantos = how many] and then translate the subjunctive as the equivalent indicative tense [ie, translate 'essent' as 'erant'])

answer

ea non mihi dixerat quantos porcos milites essuri essent.

question

means "with"

answer

cum + ablative

question

means "when"

answer

cum + indicative

question

means "when" or "since" or "although"

answer

cum + subjunctive

question

"We must destroy Carthage." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "Carthage is [est] necessary-to-destroy [delenda] for us [nobis]" shifts to "Carthage is necessary for us to destroy" to "we must destroy Carthage." (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

Carthago nobis delenda est.

question

"One should not argue about tastes." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "It is [est] not [non] necessary-to-argue [disputandum] about tastes [de gustibus]" shifts to "One should not argue about tastes." (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

De gustibus non est disputandum.

question

"Caesar had to do everything at once." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "All things [omnia] were [erant] necessary-to-do [agenda] for Caesar [Caesari = dative] at one time [uno tempore = abl of time when]" shifts to "All things were necessary for Caesar to do at one time" which switches to "Caesar had to do everything at once." (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

Caesari omnia uno tempore erant agenda.

question

"I came here to read." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "I came [vēni] here [huc] towards [ad] reading [legendum]" shifts to "I came here FOR READING." so, the key here is to know that "ad + gerund" means "FOR ________ING". This is one of many ways of stating purpose. (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

huc vēni ad legendum.

question

"I came here to read." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "I came [vēni] here [huc] for the sake [causā] of reading [legendi]" shifts to "I came here TO READ." so, the key here is to know that "causā + gerund in genitive" means "FOR THE SAKE OF ________ING". This is one of many ways of stating purpose. (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

huc vēni causā legendi.

question

"I came here to read." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "I came [vēni] here [huc] for the sake [gratiā] of reading [legendi]" shifts to "I came here TO READ." so, the key here is to know that "gratiā + gerund in genitive" means "FOR THE SAKE OF ________ING". This is one of many ways of stating purpose. (remember, the gerund can mean "necessary to verb" or "verbing". If it's in the case of a subject, it probably means "necessary to verb". Otherwise, it's likely to mean "verbing".)

answer

huc vēni gratiā legendi.

question

"I came here to read." Riiiight, but HOW does it mean that? Literally, "I came [vēni] here [huc] so that [ut] I might read [legere]" shifts to "I came here TO READ." This is one of many ways of stating PURPOSE in Latin: UT/NE + subjunctive; causā/gratiā + genitive gerund; AD + gerund

answer

huc vēni ut legerem.

question

both mean "reading", right? so what's the difference? "homo legens in via stat" = "the man, reading, stands in the road." and "homo huc venit ad libros legendos" = "the man comes here for reading books." So what's the difference? Well, "legens legentis" (present active participle) makes whatever it modifies sound like its subject. "legendus legenda legendum" (the gerund[ive]) makes whatever it's modifying sound like its direct object: "reading the book". The gerund can also stand on its own as a noun: discit legendo = he learns by reading (abl of means).

answer

legens, legentis vs legendum

question

"to die" literally, "to go out from life". (Not sure why they would call a pill Excedrin, but we do get the word "deceased" from this same root.)

answer

vitā excedere

question

to lead into matrimony = to marry

answer

in matrimonium ducere

question

to seize a plan = to make a plan

answer

consilium capere

question

everybody, clap! (as in 'applause')

answer

plaudite omnes

question

it displeases me = I'm sorry. (this is another impersonal verb, meaning that the subject is always 'it'. like, 'it's raining' in English.)

answer

me paenitet

question

"as you know well..."

answer

ut bene scis

question

"forgive me"

answer

ignosce mihi

question

from ago agere, literally "[things] necessary to do"

answer

agenda

question

"easy to see" or "obvious" from "conspicere" meaning "to look at closely". the root "spic" or "spec" or "spect" will mean something like "to look at"

answer

conspicuous

question

"temporary delay" from 'moror, morari, moratus sum', the deponent verb meaning 'to delay'

answer

moratorium

question

a victory so costly that it might as well be a loss. In 279bc King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in a battle, but he lost such a huge number of men in the process that this has been an ironic saying ever since.

answer

Pyrrhic victory

question

this means "boldly passing a point of no return". when Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49bc with his army, this was seen as an act of insurrection, and civil war soon followed. You can see why there might be a Jeep by this name.

answer

crossing the Rubicon

question

something that literally 'does not follow'. "How are you doing?" "Oh, I do indeed like country music!"

answer

non sequitur

question

this describes an attack 'towards the person' -- instead of attacking, say, the policies of an opposing candidate, this sort of argument would actually attack the candidate himself.

answer

ad hominem

question

quod erat demonstrandum = "that which was necessary to demonstrate." this is basically what you say when you 'drop the mic' after proving something difficult in, say, math, logic or science

answer

Q.E.D

MUST know basics for Latin 3 NLE – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards