question

One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the

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early baroque period

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The early baroque was characterized by

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homophonic texture

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The middle baroque was characterized by

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diffusion of the style into every corner of Europe

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A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades

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clavichord

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Affections in baroque usage refers to

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emotional states or moods of music

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The most characteristic feature of baroque music is the

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basso continuo

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Terraced dynamics refers to

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a sudden change between loud and soft

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In the baroque period, the ordinary citizen's opportunities for hearing music usually came from the

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church

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In Italy, music schools were often connected with

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orphanages

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The music director of a court in the baroque period

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supervised and directed the musical performances, composed much of the music required for performances, and was responsible for the upkeep of the instruments and music library

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An important form of orchestral music in the late Baroque period was the

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concerto grosso

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An alternation between tutti and solo sections, known as ritornello form, provides

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fresh melodic ideas

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A unique feature of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No, 5 is that this was the first time

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that the harpsichord has been used as a solo instrument in a concerto grosso

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The main theme of a fugue is called a

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subject

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When another voice presents the main theme of the fugue in the dominant key, this is called

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the answer

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When the main theme of a fugue is presented backward, it is called

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retrograde

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Opera began in Italy around

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1600

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In an opera, characters and plot are revealed through

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song, rather than speech

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The text of an opera is called the

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libretto

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An operatic female role that demands grace and charm would most likely be sung by a

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lyric soprano

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The main attraction for many opera fans is a song for solo voice, known as the

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aria

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The orchestral prelude that opens the opera is also called the

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overture

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Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and

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ancient history

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Members of the Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style based on the

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music of the ancient Greek tragedies

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A typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer

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was expected to embellish the returning melody with ornamental tones

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The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in

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Venice

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The members of the Camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow

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the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech

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Speech like melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called

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secco recitative

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Monteverdi spent the greater part of his career in the most important church post in Italy, that of

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St. Mark's, Venice

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To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used ____ with unprecedented freedom and daring.

answer

dissonance

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In Monteverdi's opera, Orfeo, Orpheus goes to Hades in the hope of bringing _____ back to life.

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Eurydice

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True or False? All twelve of Monteverdi's operas are regularly performed in Europe and America.

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False?

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To evoke angry or warlike feelings in some of his texts, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including pizzicato and

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tremolo

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Monteverdi's vocal music was ordinarily supported by a ____ and other instruments

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basso continuo

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A common variation form in the baroque is the

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ground bass or basso ostinato

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Dido and Aeneas, which many people consider the finest opera ever written to an English text, was inspired by

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Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid

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Some indication of the acclaim and respect given Purcell by his contemporaries in England can be seen from the fact that he is buried in

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Westminster Abbey

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Baroque trio sonatas usually involve _____ performers.

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four

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The sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for

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one to eight instruments

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Which Baroque sonata was intended for performance in church?

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sonata da chiesa

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Corelli's Trio Sonata in A Minor, Op. 3, No. 10, is scored for

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two violins and basso continuo

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Characteristics of baroque trio sonatas, the second movement of Corelli's Trio Sonata in A Minor, Op. 3, No. 10, is

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fuguelike

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Corelli was unique among Italian Baroque composers in that he wrote

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only instrumental music

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Vivaldi is closely identified with the musical life of

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Venice

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Vivaldi wrote approximately ______ concertos.

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450

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Vivaldi wrote concertos

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for a great variety of instruments

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Vivaldi was famous and influential as a virtuoso

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violinist

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Vivaldi's La Primavera mmusically depicts

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spring

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Bach achieves unity of mood in his compositions by using

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an insistent rhythmic drive

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Of Bach's twenty children, ______ went on to become well-known composers.

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four

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Bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except the

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opera

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Bach's personal music style was drawn from

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Italian concertos, French dance pieces, and German church music

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Bach was recognized as the most eminent _____ of his day

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organist

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At the end of his compositions, Bach wrote these initials---S.D.G.---which translate as:

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"to God alone the glory"

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The Well-Tempered Clavier features preludes and fugues

answer

written in all 24 major and minor keys

question

Bach probably wrote his B minor mass for what reason?

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to show what he could do with this form

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Baroque suites frequently begin with a

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French overture

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Although all movements of a baroque suite are written in the same key, they differ in

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meter, national origin, and tempo

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Which of the following is not a part of the baroque suite?

answer

waltz

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The various dances of the baroque suite are usually

answer

in AABB form

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The French overture has

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two sections: slow-fast

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The ____ is an instrumental composition based on a chorale.

answer

chorale prelude

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In Bach's day, the Lutheran church service lasted about ___ hour(s).

answer

four

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The ____ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune.

answer

chorale

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In their use of aria, duet, and recitative, Bach's cantatas closely resembled the ___ of the time.

answer

operas

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A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the

answer

cantata

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Oratorios first appeared in

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Italy

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The first oratorios were based on

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stories from the Bible

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Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no

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acting, scenery, or costumes

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In oratorio, the story is carried forward by the

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narrator's recitatives

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An element of the oratorio that is especially important and serves to comment on participate in the drama is the

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chorus

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George Frideric Handel was born in 1685, the same year as

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Johann Sebastian Bach

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Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of English oratorios and Italian

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operas

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Handel's oratorios are usually based on

answer

the Old Testament

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In addition to being a composer and opera impresario, Handel was a virtuoso

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organist

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Handel's Messiah is an example of

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an oratorio

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Handel spent the major portion of his life in

answer

England

question

Which of the following oratorios is not by Handel?

answer

Elijah

question

The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the

answer

chorus

question

Emotional states like joy, grief, and agitation represented in baroque music through specific musical languages.

answer

affections

question

Abrupt alternation between loud and soft dynamic levels; characteristic of baroque music

answer

terraced dynamics

question

Baroque keyboard instrument in which sound is produced by means of brass blades striking strings, capable of making gradual dynamic changes, but within a narrow volume range

answer

clavichord

question

Baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually played by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument

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basso continuo

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Bass part of a baroque accompaniment with figures (numbers) above it indicating the chords to be played

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figured bass

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Piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition

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movement

question

In Italian, all; the full orchestra, or a large group of musicians contrasted with a smaller group; often heard in baroque music

answer

tutti

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Compositional form usually employed in the baroque concerto grosso, in which the tutti plays a ritor- nello, or refrain, alternating with one or more soloists playing new material

answer

ritornello form

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In Italian, refrain; a repeated section of music usually played by the full orchestra, or tutti, in baroque compositions

answer

ritornello

question

Theme of a fugue

answer

subject

question

Second presentation of the subject in a fugue, usually in the dominant scale

answer

question

In a fugue, a melodic idea that accompanies the subject fairly constantly

answer

countersubject

question

Transitional section in a fugue between presentations of the subject, which offers either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject

answer

episode

question

Compositional procedure used in fugues, in which a subject is imitated before it is completed; one voice tries to catch the other

answer

stretto

question

Single tone, usually in the bass, which is held while the other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it; often found in figures

answer

pedal point (organ point)

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Variation of a fugue subject in which each interval of the subject is reversed in direction

answer

inversion

question

Variation of a fugue subject in which the subject is presented by beginning with its last note and proceeding backward to the first

answer

retrograde

question

Variation of a fugue subject in which the original time values of the subject are lengthened

answer

augmentation

question

Variation of a fugue subject in which the original time values of the subject are shortened

answer

diminution

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(1) Short piece usually serving to introduce a fugue or another composition; a short piece for piano.

answer

prelude

question

Text of an opera

answer

libretto

question

Dramatist who writes the libretto, or text, of an opera

answer

librettist

question

Voice ranges which include coloratura soprano, lyric soprano, dramatic soprano, lyric tenor, dramatic tenor, basso buffo, and basso profundo, among others

answer

voice categories of opera

question

Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody; found in operas, oratorios, and cantatas

answer

aria

question

Vocal line in an opera, oratorio, or cantata that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech, often serving to lead into an aria

answer

recitative

question

In opera, a piece performed by three or more solo singers

answer

ensemble

question

(1) A group of singers performing together, generally with more than one to a part. (2) In jazz, a statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody

answer

chorus

question

Person who gives cues and reminds singers of their words pitches during an opera performance. The prompter is located in a box just over the edge of center stage, which conceals him or her from the audience

answer

prompter

question

Short musical composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood

answer

overture (prelude)

question

Orchestral introductions to later acts of an opera are called

answer

prelude

question

In Italian, fellowship or society; a group of nobles, poets, and composers who began to meet regularly in Florence around 1575 and whose musical discussions prepared the way for the beginning of opera

answer

camerata

question

Male singer castrated before puberty to retain a high voice range; the most important category of vocal soloists in opera during the baroque period

answer

castrato

question

Speechlike melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied only by a basso continuo

answer

secco recitative

question

Speechlike melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied by the orchestra

answer

accompanied recitative

question

Aria in A B A form; after the B section, the term da capo is written; this means from the beginning and indicates a repetition of the opening A section

answer

da capo aria

question

From the beginning; an indication usually meaning that the opening section of a piece is to be repeated after the middle section

answer

da capo

question

Variation form in which musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it continually change common in baroque music

answer

ground bass (basso ostinato)

question

Musical ornament consisting of the rapid alternation of two tones that are a whole or half step apart

answer

trill

question

In baroque music, a set of dance-inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter, and character

answer

suite

question

Common opening piece in baroque suites, oratorios, and operas; usually in two parts: the first slow, with characteristic dotted rhythms, full of dignity and grandeur; the second quick and lighter in mood, often starting like a fugue

answer

French overture

question

Hymn tune sung to a German religious text

answer

chorale

question

Short composition for organ, based on a hymn tune and often used to remind the congregation of the melody before the hymn is sung

answer

choral prelude

question

Vocal solo more lyrical than a recitative and less elaborate than aria

answer

arioso

question

The difference between an english opera and an italian opera was

answer

special affects

question

Who's in the orchestra ~ Purcell

answer

strings & continuo

question

Sonata da chiesa =

answer

church

question

Sonata da camera =

answer

chamber

question

Corelli =

answer

trio sonata

question

Recitative =

answer

story

question

Aria =

answer

emotion

question

Dido's Lamont =

answer

ground bass

question

Vivaldi was known for his hair color in which they called him

answer

"the red priest"

question

This piece contained a solor and 2 choruses = ritornello

answer

Primavera

question

Name the two wives of Bach

answer

Maria & Anna

question

How many kids altogether did Bach have?

answer

20

question

Tone the piano equally out of tune so you can play in any key signature

answer

well tempo

question

Monteverdi played performers/choir on opposite sides of the church. This was called

answer

antiphonal

question

The common variation form in Baroque period was

answer

ground bass/basso continuo

question

Abbreviation: OP, stands for ____ which means ____

answer

Opus, work

question

The ____ is a lutheran hymn tune

answer

chorale

question

Handle's writing seems to be ____ than Bachs

answer

less complex

question

What was the total number of dead people in the river?

answer

6

question

What was the voice type of the boatmen ?

answer

bass

question

What was the color of the stage when Eurydice died?

answer

black/dark blue

question

Oratorio comments on the drama

answer

chorus

question

The instrument that doubles the violin parts is the

answer

oboe

Music Appreciation Pt 4 – Flashcards

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