Muscular – Flashcards

Functions of muscles are A. The heartbeat B. Muscle tone C. Distribution of Heat D. Moving bones E. All of the above

The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeleton muscle is the A. Eponymous B. Perimysium C. Endomysium D. Sarcomas out E. Mummy's in

Myofibrils are composed primarily of A. Actin and myosin B. ATP and ADP C. Troponin and tropomysin D. Fascia and tendons E. Permission and endomysium

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the A. Transverse tubule pattern B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum network C. Sarcomere organization D. Cisternae placement E. Distribution of mitochondria

Transverse tubules A. Store sodium ions for the action potential at the cell surface B. Transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior C. Store calcium ions D. Connect actin and Myosin E. Transmit nerve impulses out of the muscle

The severe pain of compartment syndrome is caused by A. Tears in the compartment wall B. Too much fluid in the compartment C. Damaged muscle tissue D. Stretched tendons E. Lack of fluid in the compartment

The discoloration and swelling of a muscle strain is due to A. Excess myofibrils B. Separated tendons C. Severed nerves D. Ruptured blood vessels E. Torn ligaments

A tendon is _____, whereas an aponeurosis is _____ A. Cordlike and connects bones to bones; a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles B. A broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles; cordlike and connects bones to bones C. Cordlike and connects muscles to vine; a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles D. Found in humans; found in apes E. None of the above

Muscles fibers are basically a collection of A. Muscles B. Sarcomeres C. Connective tissue fibers D. Alpha and beta subunits E. Synapses

Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in A. Smooth muscle fibers B. Skeletal muscle fibers C. Cardiac muscle fibers D. Motor neurons E. Nervous muscle fibers

The functional unit of muscle contraction is A. The muscle B. The muscle fiber C. The myosin cross-bridge D. The sarcomere E. The myomere

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to A. Bond to actin B. Be secreted from the motor end plate C. Decompose D. Form cross-bridges E. None of the above

Creatine phosphate A. Decomposes ATP B. Decomposes ADP C. Supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP D. Supplies energy for the breakdown of ATP to ADP E. Binds to Ach receptors

The amount of oxygen liver cells require to react lactic acid to produce glucose or the glycogen is A. Refractory quantity B. Anaerobic concentration C. Aerobic conversion D. Aerobic conversion E. Lactate debt

Tawanda finishes a spring and suffers great pain in her calf muscles. Her muscle cramps are most likely due to a temporary deficit of A. Actin B. Myosin C. ATP D. ADP E. Endorphins

Athletes usually experience muscle fatigue less quickly than non athletes because they A. Convert glucose to lactic acid B. Tolerate high concentrations of carbon dioxide C. Make more efficient use of ATP D. Produce less lactic acid E. Do not care about fatigue or pain

At a neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane folds, forming a A. Motor neuron B. Neurotransmitter C. Motor unit D. Motor end cup E. Motor end plate

The toxin that causes botulism A. Prevents release of acetylcholine B. Promotes release of acetylcholine C. Decomposes acetylcholine D. Prevents decomposition of acetylcholine E. Binds to acetylcholine

Rigor mortis affects skeletal muscles a few hours after death, due to A. Increased ATP and decreased permeability to calcium B. Decreased ATP and increased permeability to calcium C. Increased ATP D. Nerve impulses that contract the muscles excessively E. None of the above

At a neuromuscular junction

The first event in muscle fiber contraction is that

Which of the following statements is correct

The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a

____ degrades acetylcholine, keeping it from accumulating in the synapse

Arrange the following steps for contraction in the correct sequence 1. The muscle impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium is released 2. Thin filaments are pulled over thick filaments 3. Calcium floods the sarcoplasm and binds troponin molecules leaving active sites 4. The impulse arrives at the synapse and travels trough the transverse tubules 5. The muscle fiber shortens and contracts 6. Tropomysin molecules bind to exposed active sites, linking actin and myosin

A shift in metabolism that breaks down pyruvic acid to lactic acid is called

Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of

The relationship between ATP and creatine phosphate is that

A motor unit is

In muscle contraction ATP supplies energy for

Skeletal muscles help maintain body temperature in that

Threshold stimulus is the

A Myogram is

A plank position is part of a yoga/ Pilates workout. The person supports the body on the floor in a prime position with the arms and feet supporting the body. It is a little like the "up" position of a push-up, held for 30 to 60 seconds. Contraction of the abdominal muscles in a plank position is most likely

An example of a partial but sustained contraction is

Which of the following is not true

In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the

The very brief moment following stimulation when a muscle remains unresponsive to additional stimulation is called the

Smooth muscle lacks

Smooth muscle had ___ and not troponin

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

The type of muscle cell that lacks transverse tubules, has a single nucleus, and is under involuntary control is

Short muscle cells with centrally located nuclei are

Both acetylcholine and norepinephrine can affect

The structures that connect cardiac risk muscle cells are

Cardiac muscle

Bones and muscles function as mechanical devices called

The movable end of a muscle is its

The muscle primarily responsible for an action is the

A muscle that assists a prime mover is a

The buccinator muscle is the

The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the

The linea alba is

The soleus is a muscle that forms part of the

Which of the following is not a muscle of mastificatiom

Which of the following is unique in that it's insertion is to fascia and not bone

The triangle of auscultation, commonly used to hear sounds of respiratory organs, is located near the border of the

A gluteal gait, in which a person walks with a waddling limo, is usually caused by a disorder of the

A sign of agin of the muscular system is

Regina began an exercise program six months ago, and the muscles of her upper limbs and lower limbs are more prominent. Excessive can lead to formation of new muscle by

Muscle atrophy that progresses with aging is caused by reduction in

People with myasthenia gravis lack

Myasthenia gravis is

Weightlifting, in which a muscle exerts more than 75% of its maximum tension stimulate

Fibers of muscles whose motor neurons are severed

Temporimandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome causes

Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers.

Layers of sense connective tissue that separate skeletal muscles from each other are called fascia.

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls constitute a motor unit.

During muscle contraction, calcium ions combine with tropomysin, and this exposes active sites for cross-bridge fiematuon.

ATPase is located in myosin cross-bridges.

Anaerobic respiration occurs primarily in mitochondria.

Liver cells concert lactic acid to ATP

The minimal strength of stimulation needed to elicit a muscle contraction is called the threshold stimulus.

If a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the contraction is isometric.

The latent period is the time when the muscle is relaxed.

White muscles have an increased capacity to carry on aerobic respiration.

Metabolic processes can use only about 25% of the energy released by cellular respiration.

Motor unit recruitment refers to the fact that some motor neurons can recruit new skeletal muscle fibers with which they connect.

The two major types of smooth muscles are intercalated muscles and cardiac muscle.

Cardiac muscle is voluntary.

Muscles and bones functions as levers.

The masseter muscle functions in mastification.

Exercise can lead to new muscle filament formation, even in an older person.

A broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches the coverings of adjacent muscles is called an _____

The pigment responsible for the reddish brown color of skeletal muscle is ____

In Oder to stimulate skeletal muscle fibers, motor neurons release the neurotransmitter____

During anaerobic respiration, glucose molecules are converted into molecules of ______

A forceful, sustained muscle contraction is called a ____

Muscle fatigue is most likely due to an accumulation of ______

The combining of a series of twitches to produce sustained contraction is called_____

The rhythmic, wavelike motion produced by smooth muscles in tubular visceral organs is called, ____

The ____ at the ends of cardiac muscle cells help to join cells

Muscles that assist a prime mover are called ______

The muscle that covers the upper part of the cranium is the ____