Muscle Anatomy / Physiology Study Guide – Flashcards

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Three types of muscular tissue
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Cardiac, Skeletal and Smooth
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Describe cardiac muscle tissue and its function
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-forms most of the heart wall -striated -involuntary -branches -mostly one nucleus (sometimes two) - intercalated discs Function: pumps blood to all parts of the body
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Describe skeletal muscle tissue and its function
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-most move bones of the skeleton -striated -voluntary -multinucleated -usually attached to bones by tendons Function: Motion, posture, heat production, and protection
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Describe smooth muscle tissue and its function
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-located in walls of hallow internal structures, such as blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity, also in skin attached to hair follicles. -non striated -involuntary -thickest in the middle; one nucleus Function: Motion; constriction of blood vessels, airways to lungs, etc..
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Where does the muscle Zygomaticus get its name from?
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Location
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Where does the muscle Depressor anguli oris get its name from?
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Action, Direction of muscle fibers, Location
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Where does the muscle Coracobrachialis get its name from?
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Location of origin / Insertion
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Where does the muscle Levator scapulae get its name from?
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Location, Action
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Where does the muscle Pectoralis major get its name from?
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Size, Location
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Where does the muscle Erector spinae get its name from?
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Direction of muscle fibers, Locatioin
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Where does the muscle Adductor brevis get its name from?
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Action, Size
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Where does the muscle Trapezius get its name from?
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Shape
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Where does the muscle Infraspinatus get its name from?
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Location
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Where does the muscle Triceps brachii get its name from?
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Number of origins, Location
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Corrective tissue that holds muscle to the overlying skin and thickens distally and proximally to form the tendon at the ends of is called?
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Fascia
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List three histological or physiological defining characteristics of skeletal muscle
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1) Striated 2) Multinucleate 3) Voluntary
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What are the parallel structures that run through muscle cells and are composed of myofilaments called?
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myofibrils (teacher wrote this)
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The thick filament of muscle cells is ___________ and the thin filament is ___________.
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myasin, actin
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The functional, contractile unit of muscle cells is termed ___________
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Sarcomere
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The I band of sarcomere is composed of :
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Actin only
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List two functional characteristics of muscle as a tissue.
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1) Contractile 2) Extensible
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Multinucleate cells, cylindrical cells arranged in bundles, controls voluntary muscle movement, striated appearance due to arrangement of myofilaments
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characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
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The H band of a sarcomere:
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is at the center of the A band, contains only myosin
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The proper sequence of connective tissue layers around muscle tissue from most external to most internal is:
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fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
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The boundary of a sarcomere is defined by the
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Z lines
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Muscles are separated into small groups called ___ which consist of individual ______.
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Fascicles, fibers
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Connective tissue associated with skeletal muscle
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Aponeuroses, Fascia, epimysium, perimysium, Endomysium
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How is Aponeuroses organized?
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Connective tissue elements that extend as a broad, flat sheet.
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How is Fascia organized?
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Dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body. Holds muscles with similar functions together, allows free movement of muscles, carries nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; and fills spaces between muscles. Three layers of connective tissue extend from the facia to protect and strengthen the skeletal muscle. (epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium)
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How is the Epimysium organized?
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Outer most layer of dense irregular connective tissue, encircling the entire muscle
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How is the Perimysium organized?
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Layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers, separating them into bundles called fascicles.
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How is the endomysium organized?
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penetrates the interior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another -mostly reticular fibers-
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Sarcolemma
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plasma membrane of a muscle cell
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Sarcoplasm
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The cytoplasm of a muscle cell. -contains a substantial amount of glycogen
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Mitochondria
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A double membraned organelle that plays a central role in the production of ATP; known as the "power house" of the cell.
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Myofibrils
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The contractile organelles of skeletal muscle. Their prominent striations make the entire skeletal muscle fiber appear striated.
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Myofilaments
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Make up myofibrilis; also called filaments. There are thin and thick filaments. thin myofilaments are mostly composed of the protein actin. Thick myofilaments are mostly composed of the protein myosin. The filaments inside a myofibril do not extend the entire length of a muscle cell. Instead, they are arranged in compartments called sarcomeres.
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Myosin
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Main component of thick filaments and functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue
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Actin
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Main component of thin filaments. Individual actin molecules join to form an actin filament that is twisted into a helix.
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SR sarcoplasmic reticulum
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a fluid filled system of membranous sacs. encircles each myofibril
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Transverse (T) tubules
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small, cylindrical invaginations of the sarcolemma of striated muscle cells that conduct muscle action potentials toward the center of the muscle fiber.
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Structure and arrangement of myosin (tail/gobular heads) and actin (including tropomyosin and troponin)
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about 300 molecules of myosin form a single thick filament. Each myosin molecule is shaped like two golf clubs twisted together. The myosin tail points toward the M line in the center.
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What is a neuromuscular junction? Know the different structures that participate in this junction.
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NMJ: a synapse between the axon terminals of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber.
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Tendinous attachment location at the stationary bone during movement
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Origin
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Tendinous attachment location at the moving bone during movement
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location
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M Line
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located in the middle of the sarcomere
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Z discs
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boundaries of the sarcomere
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H zone
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Contains only myosin
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I band
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contains only actin
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A band
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contains both actin and myosin
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