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Dreams were as important as intellect. Dreams offered access to a realm of ideals behind the limitations of human reason and the physical world.

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For the Romantic artist, what was the relationship between dreams and intellect?

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Pianos were a common fixture of the middle-class household

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By the middle of the nineteenth century, pianos were

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Polonaises which were piano works based on the proud national dance of Poland

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Writing ________ was one way Chopin showed his political sympathies.

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Short, Short, Short, Long motif

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Describe The opening motive in Beethoven's Symphony no. 5 (think about the rhythm)

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When the individual movements of a work are linked in such tangible and distinctive ways that makes it cyclic form.

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What makes Beethoven's Symphony no. 5 cyclic?

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"Fate pounding at the portal"

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What meaning did Beethoven supposedly provide for Symphony no. 5's opening idea?

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9

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Beethoven wrote _____ symphonies.

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yes

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Was Beethoven recognized as the greatest living composer of instrumental music during his life?

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in Germany

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During Schubert's lifetime, Lieder were meant to be performed where?

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Johann Wolfgang Goethe

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The text of Schubert's "Erlkönig" is a poem written in the 1780s by whom?

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the son, father, and Erlking

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In Schubert's "Erlkönig," one singer depicts a narrator and

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Vienna

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Like Mozart and Beethoven, Schubert did much of his work in what city?

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Leid/Leider (??)

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Which type of composition became more important in the nineteenth century as composers sought to integrate purely instrumental music with outside ideas?

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the world of the gothic and the grotesque

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The Symphonie fantastique captures Romanticism's fascination with

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The brass section and the percussion section.

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In the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique, which sections of the orchestra did Berlioz make unusually prominent?

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Idee fixe (french for Fixed Idea) which is the "Love of his life"

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Which recurring musical image is heard just before the guillotine falls in Symphonie fantastique?

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Berlioz uses the entire orchestra playing a thundering chord.

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How do we know that the loud crash in the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique represents the fall of the guillotine?

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No they were an example of musical Nationalism.

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The Polish origins of Chopin's mazurkas make them an example of nineteenth-century

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"unrelenting with one hand playing the strict time for the accompaniment and the other playing the lyrical melody which would either hesitate, undecided, or rush ahead, faster, with impatient force, as if in passionate speech"

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The "rubato" of Chopin's piano compositions were described as being

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Polish composer and yes he was a piano virtuoso

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What nationality was Chopin, and did he write exclusively for the piano?

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in response to the outbreak of the American Civil War. He opposed slavery and secession. He wrote Union to express his political convictions and national pride.

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Gottschalk wrote Union for what reasons?

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"Yankee Doodle" "Hail, Columbia" and "Star Spangled Banner"

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Gottschalk's Union contains which patriotic tunes?

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a source of comfort and inspiration to both soldiers in the field and their families back home.

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During the Civil War, as with soldiers today, music provided

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virtuosity that it demanded for a skilled pianist to play it.

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The large leaps, rapid runs, and complicated rhythms of Union demonstrate its

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The vocal writing tends to be more syllabic and not nearly so virtuosic. There is also very little repetition of text; singers typically sing their words only once. The melodies also tend to be more rhythmically fluid, avoiding any strong sense of periodic phrase structure.

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In Verdi's opera, the orchestra supports the virtuosity of the voice. In Wagner's opera, voices and orchestra do what?

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Wotan, Brunnhilde, Siegfried, and Loge

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Major characters in Wagner's The Valkyrie are

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Leitmotif

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The music that is heard in Star Wars every time Darth Vader appears on screen is an example of what?

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The music mimics the characteristics of Loge, Wotan's Spear, Sleep, The Sword, and Fate.

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How are Wagner's Leitmotif ideas developed in musical ways?

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Because of his use of "Call-And-Response" between strings. Call-and-response is a basic element in many kinds of folk music, particularly African music.

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Which textural technique did Dvořák use in the String Quartet in F Major op. 96 that suggests a musical connection with both folk and African music?

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Pentatonic scale

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What scale did Dvořák consider to be common among the folk music of African- American and Native American traditions?

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Iowa, more than 5,000 miles from his native Prague

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Antonín Dvořák wrote his String Quartet in F major, op. 96 in

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using a pentatonic melody within the quartet

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Dvořák creates a "folk-like" sound by

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Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel from Hamburg, Germany

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Famous female composer #1 and her nationality?

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Clara Wieck Schumann from Lepzig, Germany

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Famous female composer #2 and her nationality?

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Amy Cheney Beach from New Hampshire (America)

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Famous female composer #3 and her nationality?

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