Motivation–Emotion,Stress and health – Flashcards

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As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of
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operant conditioning
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Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ________ needs.
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belongingness
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Financial satisfaction is more strongly predictive of subjective well-being in poor nations than in wealthy ones. This fact would most clearly be anticipated by
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hierarchy of needs theory
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Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to
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cause the rat to begin eating
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Compared with European teens, American teens have ________ rates of contraceptive use and ________ rates of pregnancy and abortion.
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lower; higher
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Carlos is so friendly and likable that his job supervisors and co-workers often appraise his work skills and performance more positively than is actually warranted. This best illustrates evaluators' vulnerability to
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halo errors
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Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best university teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of
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achievement motivation
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Motivation is defined by psychologists as
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
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On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of
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incentives
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Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in
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modifying work environments to improve employee engagement
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Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other. They would be advised to spend time looking intently at one another's
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eyes
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Compared with males, females are more likely to cry and report distress when observing someone in distress. This best illustrates
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empathy
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Haley's parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a brand new bicycle for her birthday. Haley's declining satisfaction illustrates
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relative deprivation
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Ever since Lupe was scolded and punished by her teacher for misbehaving, she has been fearful of being near the teacher. This illustrates that fear
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can be learned
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Enjoying your second piece of pie less than your first illustrates
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the diminishing returns phenomenon
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Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will
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increase their hostility
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One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to
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participate in regular aerobic exercise
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Most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear
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can be learned through observation
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In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings
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Australia
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In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that
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some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking
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In terms of ability to recognize others' facial expressions of emotion
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introverts do better than extraverts and women do better than men
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In response to stress, the adrenal glands release
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epinephrine
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In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that
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our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal
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The general adaptation syndrome describes stages in the
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body's response to prolonged stress
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The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they
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are more willing to help others
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Thaddeus will play a violin solo at his school tomorrow. His musical performance is likely to be ________ if his physiological arousal during the performance is ________.
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best; moderate
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Subjective well-being refers to
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self-perceived happiness
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The right prefrontal cortex is more active than the left prefrontal cortex when people experience
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disgust
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The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as ________ is to ________.
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contraction of pupils; dilation of pupils
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Who is the best example of a Type A personality?
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Philip, a competitive, hot-tempered corporation president
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Who is the best example of a Type B personality?
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Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist
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While taking a difficult test, Cindy's muscles tense and her heart pounds. These physiological responses are
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stress reactions
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Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high road for emotional responses extends through the
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cortex
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Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had
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kept the abuse a secret
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The refractory period is the
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time span after orgasm during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm
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